Group: A EXP NO: 03

ENT4223 - POWER ELECTRONICS

SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
MATLAB PROGRAMMING AND SIMULINK
LABORATORY 03

NAME :

COURSE UNIT : ENT 4223

REG. NO. :

SUB_DATE : 23/10/2024
Question 1: Buck Converter:

Capacitor Current

Switch Current

Inductor Current
Diode Current

Output Current

Inductor Voltage

Output Voltage
Self-Calculations

1. Calculate the inductor current and compare it with inductor current wave max value.
Inductor Current (IL) = 3.942 A

From the inductor current wave max value,

IL,max = 4.242 A

When comparing the inductor current and inductor current wave max value, the
inductor value is higher than the mean value of the inductor current

2. Calculate the Duty factor. (D)

V out
Duty Factor (D)=
V¿

48.52
¿
100

= 0.4852

3. Calculate the Current ripple (∆ἱL).

V ¿−V out
Current ripple ( ∆ i L )= ×D
L× f sw

100−48.52
¿ −3 3
×0.4852
1.73× 10 ×25 ×10

= 0.5775 A
4.
Calculate the Voltage ripple (∆V0)

1
T s=
fs
∆ iL T s
Voltage ripple ( ∆ V o ) = 1
8C T s=
−5 25 KHz
0.5775 A × 4 × 10 s
∆ V o= −6
8 ×1.2 ×10 F T s=4 ×10 s
−5

∆ V o=2.40 V
5. What is the use of buck converter and compare with your input voltage and output
voltage max value.

A buck converter, also known as a step-down converter, is a DC-DC power converter

designed to reduce the input voltage to a lower output voltage while maintaining
regulation. In this case, the input voltage (Vd) is 100 V, and the maximum output
voltage (Vout, max) is 48.52 V.

Applications of the Buck Converter:

In power supply systems where a controlled low voltage from a greater input source is
required, buck converters are usually used to step down voltage. Because of their
effectiveness, they are perfect for battery-powered gadgets where energy conservation
is essential, such as laptops and smartphones. They are also often used to regulate the
voltage for battery charging in renewable energy sources like solar panels. Buck
converters are utilized in automotive applications to give higher voltage power to
electrical components. They are also necessary in embedded systems to provide the
varying voltage levels that different components require. Buck converters are a
common option for contemporary electronics power management because of their
small size and great efficiency.

Question 2: Boost Converter

Capacitor Current
Switch Current

Inductor Current

Diode Current

Output Current
Inductor Voltage

Output Voltage

Self Calculations

1. Calculate the Duty factor.(D)

V¿ 1
Duty factor ( D )=1− T s=
V out fs
1
5 T s=
¿ 1− 25 KHz
15.83 −5
T s=4 ×10 s
= 0.6841

2. Calculate the Current ripple (∆ἱL).

V ¿×D
Current ripple ( ∆ i L )=
f sw × L

5 × 0.6841
¿ 3 −3
25× 10 × 1× 10

= 0.1368 A
 3. Calculate the Voltage ripple (∆V0)

VoDTs
Voltage ripple ( ∆ V o ) ∆V o=
RC
1 −5
(1.583 ×10 V ×0.6841 × 4 ×10 s)
∆ V o=
(100 Ω)×(33 × 10−6 F )
∆ V o=0.1312 V

4. What is the use of boost converter and compare with your input voltage and output
voltage max value.

A boost converter, also called a step-up converter, is a DC-DC converter that

increases the voltage of a DC power source while decreasing the current. It is widely
used in power electronics to provide an output voltage higher than the input voltage.
In this case, the input voltage (Vd) is 5 V, and the maximum output voltage (Vout,
max) is 15.83 V.

Applications of the Boost Converter:

Boost converters are useful in many applications where voltage elevation is required
since they can step up voltage from a lower input level to a higher output level. They raise
the low battery voltage to the necessary operating voltage in battery-powered equipment,
such as electric cars and portable electronics, which is one of their main applications. Boost
converters raise the voltage output of renewable energy systems, including fuel cells and
solar panels, so that they can power inverters or charge batteries. They use a lower voltage
battery to power high-voltage parts like headlights and audio systems in automobiles. They
play a crucial role in communication systems as well, helping to control the power of
antennas and amplifiers. Because of their effectiveness in voltage step-up applications, boost
converters are frequently used in contemporary power electronics.
Question 3: Buck boost Converter

Step 01:

Step 02:

Capacitor Current

Switch Current
Inductor Current

Diode Current

Output Current

Inductor Voltage
 Output Voltage

Self Calculations
1. Calculate the Duty factor. (D)

Vo D
Duty Factor ( D ) ; =
V d 1−D
2
−1.855× 10 V D
=
100 V 1−D
2
−1.855 ×10 V × ( 1−D )=100 V × D
2 2
−1.855 ×10 V ×1+1.855 ×10 V × D=100 V × D
2
−1.855 ×10 V =100 V × D−185.5V × D
−185.5 V =−85.5V × D
−185.5 V
D=
−85.5 V
D=2.1695

2. Calculate the Current ripple (∆ἱL). 1

T s=
fs

1
V o (1−D)T s T s=
Current ripple ( ∆ i L )= 3
25 ×10 Hz
L
−5
2 −5 T s=4 ×10 s
−1.855× 10 V ×(1−2.167)× 4 ×10 s
¿
0.88 × 10−3 H
∆ iL=9.85 A
3. Calculate the Voltage ripple (∆V0)

Ts IoD
∆ V o=
C
−5 2
4 × 10 ×−4.637 ×10 × 2.1695
∆ V o= −6
67 × 10 F
∆ V o=−600.60 V

4. What is the use of the buck-boost converter

The ability of buck-boost converters to control voltage under a range of circumstances

makes them popular. Voltage regulation is one of its primary uses, where they maintain a
steady output voltage despite fluctuations in the input voltage. This is particularly crucial
for battery-powered devices because, as the battery drains, the input voltage drops,
guaranteeing steady operation. Buck-boost converters in portable electronics help keep
the gadget running by providing a steady voltage even when the battery power drops.

Because they provide the steady current required for correct operation even in the face of
input voltage changes, these converters are also essential in LED lighting systems. Buck-
boost converters in solar power systems optimize power output to meet system or battery
requirements by controlling the varying voltages from solar panels. To ensure effective
operation, they are frequently employed in energy storage systems to control voltage
during charging and discharging.

Buck-boost converters help automotive electronics by controlling power to components

like lights, sensors, and infotainment systems that depend on different input voltages.
Buck-boost converters in power supply systems guarantee a constant output voltage even
when the input conditions are unsteady. They are also essential to battery charging
systems because they allow for effective charging even in situations where the input
voltage is different from the battery's voltage level.