Project Job Ref.

DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION

Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 1
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS

In accordance with International Building Code 2012
Tedds calculation version 2.9.04

Retaining wall details

Stem type; Cantilever
Stem height; hstem = 3800 mm
Stem thickness; tstem = 350 mm
Angle to rear face of stem;  = 90 deg
Stem density; stem = 23.6 kN/m3
Heel length; lheel = 1450 mm
Base thickness; tbase = 500 mm
Base density; base = 23.6 kN/m3
Height of retained soil; hret = 2000 mm
Angle of soil surface;  = 0 deg
Depth of cover; dcover = 1300 mm
Retained soil properties
Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Moist density; mr = 20 kN/m3
Saturated density; sr = 22 kN/m3
Effective angle of internal resistance; r = 30 deg
Effective wall friction angle; r = 0 deg

Base soil properties

Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Soil density; b = 20 kN/m3
Cohesion; cb = 0 kN/m2
Effective angle of internal resistance; b = 30 deg
Effective wall friction angle; b = 15 deg
Effective base friction angle; bb = 30 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 200 kN/m2
Loading details
Live surcharge load; SurchargeL = 12 kN/m2
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 2
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

350 1450

500
12 kN/m 2
4 kN/m 2

2000
3800

3800
1300
500

29.3 kN/m 2

194.1 kN/m 2 0 kN/m 2

1800

General arrangement

Calculate retaining wall geometry

Base length; lbase = tstem + lheel = 1800 mm
Moist soil height; hmoist = hsoil = 3300 mm
Length of surcharge load; lsur = lheel = 1450 mm
- Distance to vertical component; xsur_v = lbase - lheel / 2 = 1075 mm
Effective height of wall; heff = hbase + dcover + hret = 3800 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xsur_h = heff / 2 = 1900 mm
Area of wall stem; Astem = hstem  tstem = 1.33 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xstem = ltoe + tstem / 2 = 175 mm
Area of wall base; Abase = lbase  tbase = 0.9 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xbase = lbase / 2 = 900 mm
Area of moist soil; Amoist = hmoist  lheel = 4.785 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xmoist_v = lbase - (hmoist  lheel2 / 2) / Amoist = 1075 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xmoist_h = heff / 3 = 1267 mm
Using Coulomb theory
Active pressure coefficient; KA = sin( + r)2 / (sin()2  sin( - r)  [1 + [sin(r + r)  sin(r - ) /
(sin( - r)  sin( + ))]]2) = 0.333
Passive pressure coefficient; KP = sin(90 - b)2 / (sin(90 + b)  [1 - [sin(b + b)  sin(b) / (sin(90 +
b))]]2) = 4.977
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 3
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

From IBC 2012 cl.1807.2.3 Safety factor

Load combination 1; 1.0  Dead + 1.0  Live + 1.0  Lateral earth

Sliding check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem  stem = 31.4 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = Abase  base = 21.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist  mr = 95.7 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fmoist_v = 148.3 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA  SurchargeL  heff = 15.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA  mr  heff2 / 2 = 48.1 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fmoist_h = 63.3 kN/m
Check stability against sliding
Base soil resistance; Fexc_h = KP  cos(b)  b  (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = 155.7 kN/m
Base friction; Ffriction = Ftotal_v  tan(bb) = 85.6 kN/m
Resistance to sliding; Frest = Fexc_h + Ffriction = 241.4 kN/m
Factor of safety; FoSsl = Frest / Ftotal_h = 3.811; > 1.5
PASS - Factor of safety against sliding is adequate
Overturning check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem  stem = 31.4 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = Abase  base = 21.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist  mr = 95.7 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fmoist_v = 148.3 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA  SurchargeL  heff = 15.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA  mr  heff2 / 2 = 48.1 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_h = max(-KP  cos(b)  b  (hpass + hbase)2 / 2, -(Fmoist_h + Fsur_h)) = -63.3
kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h = 0 kN/m
Overturning moments on wall
Surcharge load; Msur_OT = Fsur_h  xsur_h = 28.9 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h  xmoist_h = 61 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_OT = Msur_OT + Mmoist_OT = 89.8 kNm/m
Restoring moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem_R = Fstem  xstem = 5.5 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase_R = Fbase  xbase = 19.1 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_R = Fmoist_v  xmoist_v = 102.9 kNm/m
Base soil; Mexc_R = -Fexc_h  xexc_h = 38 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_R = Mstem_R + Mbase_R + Mmoist_R + Mexc_R = 165.5 kNm/m
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 4
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

Check stability against overturning

Factor of safety; FoSot = Mtotal_R / Mtotal_OT = 1.842; > 1.5
PASS - Factor of safety against overturning is adequate
Bearing pressure check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem  stem = 31.4 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = Abase  base = 21.2 kN/m
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = SurchargeL  lheel = 17.4 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist  mr = 95.7 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsur_v + Fmoist_v = 165.7 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA  SurchargeL  heff = 15.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA  mr  heff2 / 2 = 48.1 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_h = max(-KP  cos(b)  b  (dcover + hbase)2 / 2, -(Fmoist_h + Fsur_h)) = -
63.3 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = max(Fsur_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h - Ftotal_v  tan(bb), 0 kN/m) = 0 kN/m

Moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem  xstem = 5.5 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase  xbase = 19.1 kNm/m
Surcharge load; Msur = Fsur_v  xsur_v - Fsur_h  xsur_h = -10.2 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist = Fmoist_v  xmoist_v - Fmoist_h  xmoist_h = 41.9 kNm/m
Base soil; Mpass = -Fpass_h  xpass_h = 38 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msur + Mmoist + Mpass = 94.3 kNm/m
Check bearing pressure
Distance to reaction; x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 569 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = x - lbase / 2 = -331 mm
Loaded length of base; lload = 3  x = 1708 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qtoe = 2  Ftotal_v / lload = 194.1 kN/m2
Bearing pressure at heel; qheel = 0 kN/m2
Factor of safety; FoSbp = Pbearing / max(qtoe, qheel) = 1.03;
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure

RETAINING WALL DESIGN

In accordance with ACI 318-11
Tedds calculation version 2.9.04

Concrete details
Compressive strength of concrete; f'c = 28 N/mm2
Concrete type; Normal weight
Reinforcement details
Yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 420 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity or reinforcement; Es = 199948 N/mm2
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 5
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

Cover to reinforcement
Front face of stem; csf = 50 mm
Rear face of stem; csr = 50 mm
Top face of base; cbt = 75 mm
Bottom face of base; cbb = 75 mm
From IBC 2012 cl.1605.2.1 Basic load combinations
Load combination no.1; 1.4  Dead
Load combination no.2; 1.2  Dead + 1.6  Live + 1.6  Lateral earth
Load combination no.3; 1.2  Dead + 1.0  Earthquake + 1.0  Live + 1.6  Lateral earth
Load combination no.4; 0.9  Dead + 1.0  Earthquake + 1.6  Lateral earth

Shear force - Combination No.1 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.1 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.1 - kN/m2

0 0
Stem

-1.7
92.4

92.4
16.52

16.52

2.4

X 0 0
Heel
99.79

Z
124.89

-5

Shear force - Combination No.2 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.2 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.2 - kN/m2

6.4
Stem

71.3
-74.5
14.16

14.16
79.2

79.2
19.2

19.2

6.4
35.2
X
-79.2 98.7
Heel
Z
214.69
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 6
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

Shear force - Combination No.3 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.3 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.3 - kN/m2

4 Stem

60.8 -64.2
79.2

79.2
14.16

14.16
12

12

435.2
X
-71.3 85.7
Heel
Z
195.69

Shear force - Combination No.4 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.4 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.4 - kN/m2
Stem

44.9 -46.4
59.4

59.4
10.62

10.62

35.2
X
-58.1 63.9
Heel
Z
141.37

Check stem design at base of stem

Depth of section; h = 350 mm
Rectangular section in flexure - Chapter 10
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 98.7 kNm/m
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - csr - sr / 2 = 288 mm
Compression reinforcement provided; 25 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; Asf.prov =   sf2 / (4  ssf) = 3272 mm2/m
Tension reinforcement provided; 25 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asr.prov =   sr2 / (4  ssr) = 3272 mm2/m
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.14.3.5; smax = min(18 in, 3  h) = 457 mm
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 7
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced

Depth of compression block; a = Asr.prov  fy / (0.85  f'c) = 58 mm
Neutral axis factor - cl.10.2.7.3; 1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05  (f'c - 28 N/mm2) / 7 N/mm2, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / 1 = 68 mm
Strain in reinforcement; t = 0.003  (d - c) / c = 0.009695
Section is in the tension controlled zone
Strength reduction factor; f = min(max(0.65 + (t - 0.002)  (250 / 3), 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = Asr.prov  fy  (d - a / 2) = 355.5 kNm/m
Design flexural strength; Mn = f  Mn = 319.9 kNm/m
M / Mn = 0.309
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; Asr.des = 935 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement - eqn.10-3; Asr.min = max(0.25  (f'c  1 N/mm2), 1.4 N/mm2)  d / fy = 958 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Chapter 11
Design shear force; V = 79.2 kN/m
Concrete modification factor - cl.8.6.1; =1
Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.11-3; Vc = 0.17    (f'c  1 N/mm2)  d = 258.6 kN/m
Strength reduction factor; s = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.11.4.6.1; Vc = s  Vc = 194 kN/m
V / Vc = 0.408
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
Horizontal reinforcement parallel to face of stem
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.14.3.3; Asx.req = 0.002  tstem = 700 mm2/m
Transverse reinforcement provided; 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c each face
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; Asx.prov = 2    sx2 / (4  ssx) = 2011 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Check base design at heel
Depth of section; h = 500 mm
Rectangular section in flexure - Chapter 10
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 74.5 kNm/m
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - cbt - bt / 2 = 412 mm
Compression reinforcement provided; 25 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; Abb.prov =   bb2 / (4  sbb) = 2454 mm2/m
Tension reinforcement provided; 25 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Abt.prov =   bt2 / (4  sbt) = 2454 mm2/m
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.10.5.4; smax = min(18 in, 3  h) = 457 mm
PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced
Depth of compression block; a = Abt.prov  fy / (0.85  f'c) = 43 mm
Neutral axis factor - cl.10.2.7.3; 1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05  (f'c - 28 N/mm2) / 7 N/mm2, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / 1 = 51 mm
Strain in reinforcement; t = 0.003  (d - c) / c = 0.021286
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 8
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

Section is in the tension controlled zone

Strength reduction factor; f = min(max(0.65 + (t - 0.002)  (250 / 3), 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = Abt.prov  fy  (d - a / 2) = 402.9 kNm/m
Design flexural strength; Mn = f  Mn = 362.6 kNm/m
M / Mn = 0.205
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; Abt.des = 483 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.7.12.2.1; Abt.min = 0.0018  h = 900 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Chapter 11
Design shear force; V = 71.3 kN/m
Concrete modification factor - cl.8.6.1; =1
Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.11-3; Vc = 0.17    (f'c  1 N/mm2)  d = 371.1 kN/m
Strength reduction factor; s = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.11.4.6.1; Vc = s  Vc = 278.3 kN/m
V / Vc = 0.256
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
Transverse reinforcement parallel to base
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.7.12.2.1; Abx.req = 0.0018  tbase = 900 mm2/m
Transverse reinforcement provided; 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c each face
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; Abx.prov = 2    bx2 / (4  sbx) = 2011 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
 Project Job Ref.
DEDICATED LANE EXTENSION
Structure Sheet no./rev.
RETAINING WALL 9
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JDT 30/08/2024

50 50

16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

horizontal reinforcement
parallel to face of stem

25 dia.bars @ 150 c/c 25 dia.bars @ 150 c/c

25 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

75

75
25 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

transverse reinforcement
in base

Reinforcement details