Unit 3

Tourism Demand and Types of Tourists

Tourism demand is the total number of persons who travel or wish to
travel to use the tourist facilities away from their places of work and
residence. It varies on the number of factors related to the tourists; the
country of destination, the market from which the tourists emerge, and
market of the destination. The tourism managers and researchers study a
lot about tourists’ motivations and cultures, changing behavior of tourists
and the driving and affecting factors of tourism. They also study the
destinations investigating the amenities and attractions they provide or
any prospective ways to attract the tourists.

Types of Tourists
There are different types of tourists −

 Intrinsic Tourists − They are into holidaying for the sake of enjoyment.
 Extrinsic Tourists − They have reward oriented motivation. These tourists
are susceptible to the activities where performance is evaluated.
 Adventurers − They give very little importance to relaxation. They are
always up to exploring places and taking challenges. Mainly youths and
singles from both genders carrying zest of life largely contribute to this type
of tourism.
 Budget Travelers − They are economy-oriented tourists. Their touring
decisions about places, travelling mode, and other related factors are largely
dependent on their financial condition.
 Homebodies − They are mainly relaxed tourists. They do not get into
adventure. The tourists aged above 45 to 50 years belong to this type. The
busy professionals under 45 years also belong to this type.
 Moderates − They plan their tour ahead, have a high inclination towards
tourism but they do not get into sports or adventure activities.
 Vacationers − They plan touring during vacations such as summer break or
Christmas break. They are not always sure of where and why they wish to
visit.

Types of Tourism- Tourism have two types and many forms on the bases of the purpose of
visit and alternative forms of tourism. Tourism can be categorized as international and
domestic tourism.

 International Tourism- When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as

International Tourism. In order to travel to a foreign country, one need a valid
passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc. International tourism further
divides into two types; Inbound Tourism & Outbound Tourism.
 Inbound Tourism- This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a particular
country. When people travel outside their host/native country to another country, then
it is called inbound tourism for that country where he/she is traveling. For example
 when a tourist from Indian origin travels to Japan then it is inbound tourism for Japan
because foreign tourist comes to Japan.
 Outbound Tourism- This refers to tourists traveling from the country of their origin to
another country. When tourist travel a foreign region than it is outbound tourism for
his own country because he/she is going outside their country. For example: when a
tourist from India travel to Japan then it is outbound tourism for India and Inbound
tourism for Japan.
 Domestic Tourism- The tourism activity of the people within their own country is
known as domestic tourism. Traveling within the same country is easier because it
does not require formal travel documents and tedious formalities like compulsory
health check and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally does not
face much language problems or currency exchange issues.

 Regional Tourism- Regional Tourism is a tourism activity which is concentrated to a

certain region (a state for example). Regional Tourism in Gujarat would involve
tourism in Gujarat alone. Intra-regional means within the same region, Inter regional
means between/amongst other regions. Inter-regional travel is traveling between 2 or
more regions. Subtly different is intra-regional travel, which is traveling within the
same region.

Forms of Tourism-

 Religious tourism- Religious tourism is an important part of the tourism industry,

which usually related to the followers of particular faiths who visit locations that are
considered as holy sites. Religious tourism is the pioneer form of tourism which has
begun almost with the dawn of humanity. From the ancient times religious
destinations were not only a part of the cultural landscape but they also had become a
vital factor in local marketing and prime parts of the economy of hosted destinations.
It is difficult to give a specific definition of religious tourism and the reason behind it
is that cultural and religious travels are used synonymously. These are because the
majority of cultural tourists visit religious destinations as a part of their itinerary and
are thus referred to as religious tourists. The general meaning of religious tourism
implies travelling with the prime motive of experiencing religious activities or the
products they induce such as art, culture, traditions and architecture.
 Historical Tourism- Historical tourism is refers to a kind of tourism where the tourists
focus on the history, history of some place, things, people and events. They go to see,
study and experience places where the historical things occurred. The places will be
portrayed of the history of that country or region and tells about the past happenings.
Tourists usually visit those places of historical importance to know about the culture,
traditions & customs, architecture and get to know about the evolution and the
development of the culture.

Historical tourism is an attempt to understand the living environment and life-style of

ordinary people of the past & present and interpret these in an interesting manner to the
tourists. Places of historical places and events such as battlefields or monuments where
discover and explorers landed are being promoted as tourist attraction.
  Social Tourism- According to the International Social Tourism Organization (ISTO)
social tourism can be defined as "the connections and phenomena related to the
participation of people in the countries of destinations as well as of holidaymakers, of
disadvantaged layers of society or those unable to participate in tourism, holidays and
their advantages for whatever reason" Social tourism is making tourism available to
poor people who otherwise could not afford to travel for their education or recreation.
Social Tourism is synonym of solidarity and support to the low income population
groups.

It includes youth hostels and low-priced holiday accommodation run by church and voluntary
organizations, trade unions, or in Communist times publicly owned enterprises. In May 1959,
at the second Congress of Social Tourism in Austria, Walter Hunziker proposed the following
definition: "Social tourism is a type of tourism practiced by low income groups, and which is
rendered possible and facilitated by entirely separate and therefore easily recognizable
services".

 Adventure Tourism- Adventure tourism is defined as the movement of the people

from one to another place outside their comfort zone for exploration or travel to
remote areas, exotic and possibly hostile areas. Adventure tourism is a type of tourism
in which tourist do some adventures activities like as skydiving, hill climbing, and
scuba diving. Adventure tourism is very popular among young age tourists.
Adventure tourism gains much of its excitement by allowing the tourists to step
outside their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing cultural shock or through
the performance of acts that required some degree of risk (real or perceived) and
physical danger.

Adventure travel is a leisure activity that takes place in an unusual, exotic, and remote or
wilderness destination. It tends to be associated with high levels of activity by the participant,
most of it outdoors. Adventure travelers expect to experience various levels of risk,
excitement, and tranquility and be personally tested. In particular, they are explorers of
unspoiled, exotic parts of the planet and also seek personal challenges.

 Business tourism- Business tourism or business travel is a more limited and focused
subset of regular tourism. During business tourism (traveling), individuals are still
working and being paid, but are doing so away from both their workplace and home.
Primary business tourism activities include meetings, and attending conferences and
exhibitions. Despite the term business in business tourism, when individuals from
government or non-profit organizations engage in similar activities, this is still
categorized as business tourism.
 MICE Tourism- The term "MICE" in the context of travel is an acronym for
meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions. The MICE market refers to a
specialized niche of group tourism dedicated to planning, booking, and facilitating
conferences, seminars, and other events, which is a big moneymaker in the travel
industry. MICE tourism involves a number of components, and agents working in this
field must provide a full range of travel and conference services for large and small
 groups and events of shorter and longer duration. Personnel and businesses involved
in the MICE tourism include corporate meeting planners, meetings and convention
departments of hotels, conference centers or cruise ships, food and beverage
managers, logistics firms, private tour operators and transfer companies, incentive
houses, professional trade organizations, tourism boards, tourism trade associations,
and travel-selling professionals.
 Health Tourism- Holidaying is generally considered as an investment in health, a
subject that presents opportunities of cost- benefit analysis. The medical expertise of
various countries has added a new product to the existing tourism products. People are
travelling to various countries for treatment of various ailments and medical
procedures like Cardio care, Bone Marrow Transplant, Dialysis and Kidney
transplant, Neurosurgery, Joint Replacement Surgery, Urology, Osteoporosis, and
numerous other diseases. Even cosmetic surgery, alternative medicines like
homeopathy, acupressure, ayurvedic medicines and naturopathy are also becoming
tourism products wherein travel companies are offering Yoga and Rejuvenation
packages. Tourists travel for what is illegal in own country. Tourists travel also for
advanced care that is not available in one’s own country, in the case that there are
long waiting lists in one’s own country or for use of free or cheap health care
organizations.
 Sports tourism- Sports tourism is any traveling that is done to participate in a sporting
event – including just watching. As long as a sport (soccer, baseball, golf, football,
cricket, volleyball) is the primary reason for one’s travels, it can be considered sports
tourism. This particular category within sports tourism is where a person or persons
travels to a select recreation center, or sports complex, to actively participate in a
sporting event. While sports tourism has not always been extremely popular, during
the recent decade the amount of people attending out of area sporting events has
drastically increased. People are now traveling far and wide just to attend their
favorite events, and it is no wonder as to what has encouraged the sudden spike in
popularity.
 Ethnic Tourism- Ethnic tourism is travelling for the purpose of observing the cultural
expressions of lifestyles of truly exotic people. Such tourism is exemplified by travel
to Panama to study the San Blas Indians or to India to observe the isolated hill tribes
of Assam. Typical destination activities would include visits to native homes,
attending traditional ceremonies and dances, and possibly participating in religious
rituals.
 VFR tourism- Visiting friends and relatives involves travelling with "the major
purpose of visiting friends and/or relatives" and "is one of the foremost tourism
motivators or categories in tourism, alongside those of business, recreation,
convention or conference, religion, education and health. VFR tourism can be seen
from four different perspectives: As a motivation for travel, as a trip purpose, as a
vacation activity and as a form of accommodation use.
What is Travel?

When you travel, you go for a long trip or journey either solo or with a
group of family or friends. One can use different modes of transportation
like aeroplanes, trains, cars, buses and ships. It covers both domestic as
well as international journeys. Travel increases your knowledge about
the world, you experience the culture and traditions of that place, and
also you learn what place is about.

People travel for different reasons, such as travelling for business,

visiting family or friends, attending meetings or weddings, etc. They love
travelling nowadays to get out of their comfort zone, explore more, gain
new experiences, connect with people, make new friends, etc.

BASIS FOR
TRAVEL TOURISM
COMPARISON
Meaning Travel means moving or Tourism is when we travel to
going on a journey from one spend time away from home,
place to another. for the purpose of recreation.
Term Generic term Specific term
Former Planning Without any plan, it is There is a plan for every
sudden. day, and hour.
How long is their Travellers generally stay at Tourists visits places for
stay? a particular place for a long relaxation and pleasure only.
time. However, it all comes They don't stay at one place
down to the purpose for for a long time.
which they visit that place.
Reasons Meeting family and friends, Pleasure, refreshment and
education, job, business and exploring new places.
so forth.
Planned ininerary Not present Present
and specific
activity

Language Traveller tries to learn the Tourist uses English as a

regional language. medium of communication.

Visit to places A traveller looks for visiting A tourist do not visit all the
all the places and travel on places as they visit only
their own. those places which are
included in their tour
package.
Key Differences Between Travel and Tourism
1. While ‘travel’ means moving from one place to another, there will
be a change in the location, weather and overall environment.
2. The term ‘travel’ is a very generic one which is used in our day-to-
day lives. As against, ‘tourism’ is used by tour companies, and
holiday operators often use the word ‘tourism’.
3. A traveller spends time with the local population and ethnic groups.
He tries to understand their culture, eats local food, learns the local
language, etc. In contrast, a tourist generally spends time with
tourist groups. He comes to see their culture, eats different
cuisines and prefers speaking English.
4. Travelling takes place solo or in small groups. At the same time,
the tour takes place in large groups.
5. Tourism lays emphasis on having a lifetime experience of
exploring new places and destinations. Also, in tourism, a person
engages in a diverse culture.
6. In tourism, a planned itinerary and specific activity is present in a
tour package. However, no planned itinerary and specific activity is
present in travel.
7. When it comes to food, tourists always go to the restaurants where
other tourists eat. But travellers are different; they eat where locals
eat.
8. Tourists walk slowly, spend time in cafes, and click pictures of the
places they visit or the things that attract them. As against, a
traveller generally do a research on the places they visit and also
checks the routes to get there. When they reach their destination,
they like to know the history of that place.
9. Travelling takes place suddenly without any plan. But in the case
of a tour, there are plans for every day, hour and in fact, moment.
Furthermore, travellers can make changes to their plans
depending on their needs and moods. But in tourism, people have
to stick to their schedules, otherwise they miss the same.
10. A traveller seeks to learn the regional language so that he
can communicate well with the locals to understand their lifestyle,
culture, regional history and many more. Conversely, a tourist uses
English as a medium of communication.
Internal and External Motivating Factors of Tourism
Posted on March 17, 2017 by Rashid Faridi

Motivation of the tourists comes from human psychology. It is the

satisfaction-forming factor. The factors of motivation can be categorized
in internal and external factors.

Internal Factors
Internal factors arouse, direct, and integrate a person’s behavior and
influence his decisions for travelling.

 Intrinsic Motivation − For many people, tourism is a way of satisfying

their psychological needs such as travelling, performing leisure activities,
exploring novelty and capabilities, self-expression and self-assurance,
creativity, competition, need for relaxation, and belongingness. The intrinsic
motivations pertain to assuring one’s capabilities on different emotional
fronts. Intrinsic motivation drives the tourists to opt for tourism for
intangible rewards such as fun, assurance, and other emotional needs. The
other intrinsic factors of motivation are
 Attitudes of Tourist − Knowledge of a person, place, or object +
Positive or negative feelings about the same.
 Tourist’s Perception − By observing, listening, or getting knowledge, a
tourist forms the perception about a place, person, or an object.
 Values or Beliefs − A tourist believes or values a specific mode of
conduct which is acceptable personally or socially.
 Personality of the Tourist − The nature and physique of a tourist plays
an important role towards motivation in tourism.
External Factors
There are external motives in tourism that can influence tourists and pull
them to a certain motivation and subsequent decision.

 Extrinsic Motivation − Here, a tourist gets motivated by external factors

such as money and the need to feel competent on the scale of expenditure
and performance.
 Place of Origin − The grooming of the tourist depends upon the place of its
origin. For example, for the Indian married women, the tourism might come
last in the list of preferential things they wish to do whereas for American
ladies, tourism would acquire much higher rank.
 Family and Age − The family matters when it comes to the structure and
the income. Today, the families with nuclear structure and double income
tend to opt for long distance, extravagant tourism more than joint families or
families with single earning member who are interested in visiting domestic
places. The tourists also have different preferences of places according to
their age. For example, tourists in the age group of 5 to 45 years might enjoy
visiting destination in the USA such as Disneyland more than the senior
citizens.
 Culture or Social Class / Group − Tourists of different cultures prefer
different places, events, and different types of tourism. In addition, if friends
 and families who have visited a place earlier spread the first hand
information that motivates the others to visit the place too.
 Market − Ever-changing market variables alter tourism. Changes in value of
currency, political situations, and economic well-being of the country
influence the decisions of a tourist.

Factors influencing tourism demand