Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Electronics Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 1 AND 2

RESISTOR COLOR CODE, SERIES, AND PARALLEL CONNECTION OF
RESISTORS

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the equivalent resistance of resistors.
2. To measure the value of the resistor using a multimeter.
3. To measure experimentally the equivalent resistance of resistor connected in series and
in parallel

II. DISCUSSION
Resistance is the property of an electric circuit tending to prevent the flow of current
and at the same time causing electric energy to be converted into heat energy. Resistance
can be measured using a multimeter or can be determined using color code as shown in
Table 1.1. Resistors are used where it is desired to introduce resistance into a circuit.
Resistors may be connected in series and parallel.

Table 1.1. Resistor Color Code Chart

COLOR DIGIT MULTIPLIER TOLERANCE

Black 0 1

Brown 1 101 +/- 1%

Red 2 102 +/- 2%

Orange 3 103

Yellow 4 104

Green 5 105 +/- 0.5%

Blue 6 106 +/- 0.25%

Violet 7 107 +/- 0.1%

Grey 8 108 +/- 0.05%

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 White 9 109

Gold 10-1 +/- 5%

Silver 10-2 +/- 10%

No color +/- 20%

A series circuit is one in which the resistors of the other electrical devices are
connected end to end as shown in Fig. 1. To Fig. 3. The current in each part of the circuit
is the same but the total impressed voltage divides among the different elements of the
circuit. The total resistance of a group of resistors connected in series is equal to the sum
of the individual resistances.

A parallel circuit is one in which one terminal of each element is connected to a

common point to form one terminal of the system, and the other terminal of each element
is connected to a second common point to form the other terminal of the system. Each
element will then have the same voltage across it but the total current divides among the
elements of the circuit. This is shown in Fig. 4. To Fig. 6. The equivalent resistance of
resistors connected in parallel is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the
individual resistances.

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ITEM QUANTITY
Random Resistor 15 pcs
Breadboard 1 pc
Male-to-Male Connecting Wire 10 pcs
Multimeter 1 pc
DC power supply 1 pc

IV. PROCEDURE
A. Resistor Color Code
1. Using Table 1.1 Resistor Color Code Chart, determine the value of each resistor.
2. Measure the value of each resistor using the multimeter.

B. Series Circuit
1. Using the Breadboard, connect the following resistors and voltage source shown in
Fig. 1, 2, and 3
2. Using the multimeter, measure the total current, individual current, and voltage for

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 each resistor in each circuit.
3. Disconnect the DC Supply and using the multimeter, complete the table in the Data
and Result section.

C. Parallel Circuit
1. Using the Breadboard, connect the following resistors and voltage source shown in
Fig. 4, 5, and 6
2. Using the multimeter, measure the total current, individual current, and voltage for
each resistor in each circuit.
3. Disconnect the DC Supply and using the multimeter, complete the table in the Data
and Result section

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A. Series Connection

Figure 1. Two resistors connected in Series

Figure 2. Three resistors connected in Series

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 Figure 3. Four resistors connected in Series

B. Parallel Connection

Figure 4. Two resistors connected in Parallel

Figure 5. Three resistors connected in Parallel

Figure 6. Four resistors connected in Parallel

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 VI. DATA AND RESULTS
A. Resistor Color Code

1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH COLOR CODE MEASURED PERCENTAGE

NO.
COLOR COLOR COLOR COLOR COLOR VALUE VALUE ERROR

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

R8

R9

R10

R11

R12

R13

R14

R15

B. Series Connection
COLOR CODE

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

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 MEASURED VALUE

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

COMPUTED VALUE

V1 V2 V3 V4 V total I total

Fig 1

`Fig 2

Fig 3

MEASURED VALUE

V1 V2 V3 V4 V total I total

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

PERCENTAGE ERROR

R total V total

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

C. Parallel Connection
COLOR CODE

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

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 MEASURED VALUE

R1 R2 R3 R4 R total

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

COMPUTED VALUE

I1 I2 I3 I4 V total I total

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

MEASURED VALUE

I1 I2 I3 I4 V total I total

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

PERCENTAGE ERROR

R total I total

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

VII. Problem Solving

1. Strings of Christmas lights are sometimes made of miniature lamps connected in series.
For an eight-lamp 220 V set, what is the voltage across each lamp? If one lamp were
removed, what would happen? The voltage across the empty socket becomes equal to
the line voltage. Why?

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2. As one turns on more lamps in an ordinary household circuit, what happens to the
current in the first lamp? To the line current? To the line voltage? Why is it not
customary to connect household electric lamps in series?

3. A piece of copper wire is cut into n equal parts. These parts are connected in parallel.
How will the joint resistance of the parallel combination compare with the original
resistance of the single wire?

4. Two lamps need 50 V and 2 A each to operate at desired brilliance. They are to be
connected in series across a 110 V line. What is the resistance of the rheostat which
must be placed in series with the lamps?

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VIII. DOCUMENTATION

IX. CONCLUSION

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