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LC2 OpenDSS

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6 views8 pages

LC2 OpenDSS

Uploaded by

walid.alaimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab course 2: Getting started with OpenDSS

1. Objective
Master the basic features of OpenDSS (electric power system simulator):

• Power flow simulation


• Dynamic simulation

2. Experimental procedure
2.1. Power flow simulation (IEEE 4 bus test case)

The IEEE 4 bus test case circuit is the simplest standard circuit. It contains a 3-phase voltage source called
“4busDYBal” with a voltage of 12.47 kV and a short-circuit apparent power of 200 GVA. All the lines of the
circuit are 3-phase 4-wires cables. Each phase wire has a diameter of 0.721 inch and a resistance of 0.306
Ohm/mile. The neutral wire has a diameter of 0.563 inch and a resistance of 0.592 Ohm/mile. The geometry
of the line is as shown in the figure below.
The transformer t1, used in this circuit, is a 3-phase delta wye transformer with 6MVA of apparent power
and a percentage resistance of 0.5% in the primary and the secondary windings. The percent reactance high-
to-low (winding 1 to winding 2) is equal to 6. The purpose of transformer t1 is to lower the voltage level from
12.47 kV to 4.16 kV. Finally, the load called “load1” is a 5.4 MW 3-phase load wye connected to the bus “n4”
with a power factor of 0.9. The minimum per unit voltage of this load is 0.75.
1. Write the necessary DSS code to create the IEEE 4 bus test case circuit (See the OpenDSS annex file
for useful DSS commands)
P.S.: To make the code readable, create separated DSS files using “Notepad++” for each type of object, i.e.,
create a file “Lines.dss” and define all the lines in it. Afterwards, create a main file called “Master.dss”, where
you have to use the command “Redirect dss_file_name.dss” for each of the prewritten DSS files.
2. Create a DSS file named “BusVoltageBases.dss” where the voltages base values are defined and
redirect the master file to it.
3. Open the “Master.dss” file with OpenDSS and add the command “Solve“
4. Run the power flow simulation by selecting all the script and clicking on “Do” → “Selected Line(s)” or
press “Ctrl” + “A” then “Ctrl” + “D”. The following results should appear:

The power flow simulation (called “Snap” in OpenDSS) is the default simulation mode.
5. Display the power balance by clicking on “Show” → “Powers” →”Power kVA”
6. Display the line-to-neutral per phase voltages along the circuit by clicking on “Show” → “Voltages”
→”Voltages LN Nodes”

7. Display the current consumed by each element of the circuit per phase by clicking on “Show” →
“Currents” →”Currents Elem”
8. Display only the currents passed through the transformer t1 by selecting
“PDelements”|”Transfomer”|”T1” in the command bar:
Then click on . The following results should appear:

9. Add the following DSS code before “Solve“ and rerun the simulation to capture the voltage profile in
the circuit (the voltage variation through the circuit):
New EnergyMeter.voltage_profile element=Line.line1 terminal=1
10. Display the voltage profile by clicking on “Plot” → “Profile”. The following result should appear:
11. Create a DSS file called “Buscoords.dss” and write the coordinates if each bus of the circuit like
follows:
sourcebus, 10, 10
n2 , 20, 10
n3 , 30, 10
n4 , 40, 10
12. Add these two lines of codes before the definition of the Energy Meter and rerun the simulation:
Buscoords BusCoords.dss
MakeBusList
13. Display the circuit plot by clicking on “Plot” → “Circuit Plots” → “Circuits plot”. The following result
should appear:

2.2. Dynamic simulation


Dynamic simulation mode is capable of running power flow simulation multiple times for a certain period.
For example to simulate a circuit for period of one day, OpenDSS needs to know the production profile of
each source and the consumption profile of each load for that day. To try this mode for our work, we are
going to add a PV system at the note “n4” with a maximum power of 2.4 MWp and a one-day profile with a
step size of 5 minutes.
1. Create a DSS file called “PVsyst.dss” where we are going to define all the details of the PV system. To
model a PV system in OpenDSS, we have to precise four curves including the irradiation variation through
the day, the cell temperature of the PV array along the day, the variation of the Maximum Power Point
(Pmpp) with the cell temperature and variation of the inverter efficiency with the input power.
2. Define the irradiation profile, which is the normalized value (divided by the maximum value) of the
irradiation for one day with a step size of 5 minutes using the object loadshape and the csv file “irrad.csv”.
The main options of a loadshape object are:
Option Description
npts Number of points
minterval Step size length in minutes
mult = (File=file_name.csv) Assign the csv file which contains the normalized
irradiation values

3. Define the cell temperature profile, which is the values of the cell temperatures of the same day with a
step size of 5 minutes using Tshape object and the csv file “temp.cv”. The main options of a Tshape object
are:
Option Description
npts Number of points
minterval Step size length in minutes
temp = (File=file_name.csv) Assign the csv file which contains the cell temperature
values

4. Define the variation of the normalized Pmpp with the cell temperature Pmpp / Pmpp(25 °C) = f(Tcell) curve
using XYcurve and the values of the following table:
Tcell (°C) 0 25 75 100
Pmpp / Pmpp(25 °C) 1.095 1 0.81 0.715

The main options of XYcurve object are:


Option Description
npts Number of points
xarray X values
yarray Y values

5. Define the variation of the inverter’s efficiency with the normalized input power Inveff = f(Pin / Pin_rated)
curve using XYcurve and the values of the following table:
Pin / Pin_nom 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.0
Inveff 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.97

6. Define the PV system and assign its options, which are:


Option Description
phases Number of phases
bus1 The bus to which the PV system is connected
kV Rated voltage
PF Power factor (1 for this PV system)
kVA Rated apparent power of the inverter
TDaily Cell temperature profile
P-TCurve Pmpp / Pmpp(25 °C) = f(Tcell) curve
effcurve Inveff = f(Pin / Pin_rated) curve
Pmpp PV maximum power point in kW
irrad Maximum irradiation in kW/m2 (0.8853 for our case)
temperature Standard temperature
Daily Irradiation profile

7. Change the active power of the load 1 to 1500 kW

8. Place three monitors to capture the variation of the apparent power (mode=1). The first one at source
(Vsource.source is the default source name), the second one at PV system and the third one at the load.

9. Plot the results of the monitor by clicking on “Plot” → “Monitor” and select the desired monitor. The
following graphs should appear in the three monitors:

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