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Endsem QP

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7 views3 pages

Endsem QP

Uploaded by

aasthasahoo4
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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End semester exam Date: 26/04/2024

CL 302: Process Control (50 Marks)

Clearly show all the steps leading to the solution


Make necessary assumptions if required and state them wherever necessary

Ques.1 Answer in short: (10 marks)


a) Explain what do you mean by coordinated multivariable control and cooperative
multivariable control.
b) Explain with examples of where would you use air to open and air to close
valves.
c) Without solving the differential equation, show that a 1st order system with gain
K and time constant 𝜏 will exhibit a non-zero initial slope for a step input.
d) From the frequency response view point, how would you test the linearity of a
dynamic system?
e) Explain the difference between the performance obtained between ITSE and
ISE controller designs.

Ques.2
For a first order plus time delay plant model with gain K, time constant 𝜏, and delay θ,
design a direct synthesis controller for rejecting step disturbances assuming that the
plant model and disturbance model are same. (10 marks)
a) Specify an appropriate desired closed loop transfer function q(s) (having time
constant 𝜏c) (4 marks)
b) Design the feedback PI controller gc(s) using DS method. (4 marks)
c) Discuss the effect of having a large time constant 𝜏c on the closed loop
response for the controller designed using DS method (2 marks)

Ques.3
a) An in-line blending system is shown in figure 1, where the output mass flow 𝑊 and
the fraction 𝑥 of A are controlled using a conventional multiloop control scheme,
with the mass flows 𝑊𝑎 and 𝑊𝑏 as the manipulated variables. Derive an
expression for the RGA and recommend the best controller pairing for the following
conditions: 𝑊 = 4 lb/min and 𝑥 = 0.3. Will the pairing change if x is desired to be
0.85 (5 marks)

Fig 1. In-line blending system


b) Qualitatively sketch the bode and Nyquist plot for the process G(s). (5 marks)

5𝑒 −3𝑠
𝐺(𝑠) =
10𝑠 + 1

Ques 4.
a)
Obtain the parameters necessary for designing a PI controller using ZN stability
margin tuning rules for a process is described G(s). (5 marks)

0.66𝑒 −2.6𝑠
𝐺(𝑠) =
6.7𝑠 + 1
(ZN tuning rules: For a PI Controller, the controller gain 𝐾𝐶 = 0.45𝐾𝑢 and integral
2𝜋
time constant 𝜏𝐼 = 1.2𝜔 where 𝐾𝑢 is the ultimate gain, 𝜔𝑐 is the cross over frequency)
𝑐

Hint:
𝐾𝑒 −𝛼𝑠
(For a FOPTD model 𝐺̃ (𝑠) = , from the frequency response characteristics,
𝜏𝑠+1
the cross over frequency 𝜔𝑐 can be obtained by solving
𝛷 = − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1(𝜔𝑐 𝜏) − 𝜔𝑐 𝛼

Since the analytical solution of the above equation is not possible. The solution of
this equation can be approximated by the expression
1 𝜋
𝜉 = + 𝜆
2 2
Where, 𝜉 = 𝜔𝑐 𝜏 and 𝜆 = 𝜏/ 𝛼)

b) Fig 2 shows a perfectly stirred mixing tank which has two input streams and an
output stream, each consisting of the same liquid but at different temperatures. The
temperature and flow rate of each of the streams can vary with time. The level and
temperature of the tank is to be controlled. Assume that the density and heat capacity
of the streams do not vary with time. (5 marks)

Fig 2. Mixing tank


Making suitable assumptions that are stated clearly,
a) Identity the controlled variables, manipulated variables and disturbances.
b) Write the dynamic model of the system for level and temperature of the tank.
c) Comment on whether the system is linear or nonlinear, and express the
resultant dynamics in state space form and transfer function form..

Ques 5. (10 marks)


Crude oil is being cracked in a tubular reactor which is placed in a furnace as shown
in the Figure 3. The crude oil flow rate F at the inlet of the furnace tends to fluctuate
substantially. The furnace is heated by a fuel which is fired as shown in the figure and
the air is ratioed to this fuel flowrate. The fuel supply pressure is also known to vary
because of disturbances in the fuel gas coming from a different processing unit in the
refinery complex. It is desired to deliver the crude oil feed to the fractionator at a
constant temperature T.

Fig 3. Crude oil preheater furnace

a) List all possible disturbances that you can think of. (1 mark)
b) Suggest a suitable feedback control to regulate the outlet temperature. (2 mark)
c) Suggest a suitable feedforward controller that can accommodate crude oil feed
side disturbance. (2 mark)
d) Combine the control schemes in (a) and (b) to regulate the outlet temperature as
well as can accommodate crude oil feed side disturbance. (2 mark)
e) Suggest a feedforward/feedback plus cascade scheme to regulate the outlet
temperature and reject all possible disturbances. (3 mark)

Show all these control schemes on the process schematic in separate diagrams, and
the combined control schemes in a block diagram.
***

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