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    Applied

    Uploaded by

    murtessaahmed9
    DLD Proposal assignment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Applied

    Uploaded by

    murtessaahmed9
    26 views8 pages
    DLD Proposal assignment

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    DLD Proposal assignment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views8 pages

    Applied

    Uploaded by

    murtessaahmed9
    DLD Proposal assignment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    A Process

    Traffic Signal
    Applied Control Controller:
    Part 1 AND 2
    System

    DLD
    1
    Logic Gates
    2

    The Counting Function Combinational and Sequential Logic Functions

    • There are many types of digital counters, but their basic purpose is to count events represented by
    changing levels or pulses.
    • To count, the counter must “remember” the present number so that it can go to the next proper
    number in sequence. Therefore, storage capability is an important characteristic of all counters, and
    flip-flops are generally used to implement them.
    • Figure 1–16 illustrates the basic idea of counter operation. Counters are covered in Chapter 4.

    FIGURE 1–16 Illustration of basic counter operation.

    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024


    Logic Gates
    3

    A Process Control System


    • A system for bottling
    vitamin tablets is shown in
    the block diagram of
    Figure 1–17.

    FIGURE 1–17 Block diagram of a tablet-


    bottling system.
    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024
    Logic Gates
    4

    A Process Control System


    Figure 1–17 system shows how the various logic functions that have been introduced can be
    used together to form a total system.

    The system controls the number of tablets into each bottle and displays a continually updated
    readout of the total number of tablets bottled.
    ➢ To begin, the tablets are fed into a large funnel-type hopper.
    • The narrow neck of the hopper creates a serial flow of tablets into a bottle on the
    conveyor belt below.
    • Only one tablet at a time passes the sensor, so the tablets can be counted.
    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024
    Logic Gates
    5

    A Process Control System


    General Operation

    ➢ The maximum number of tablets per bottle is entered from the keypad, changed to a code by
    the Encoder, and stored in Register A.
    • Decoder A changes the code stored in the register to a form appropriate for turning on
    the display.
    • Code converter A changes the code to a binary number and applies it to the A input of
    the Comparator (Comp).

    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024


    Logic Gates
    6

    A Process Control System


    General Operation

    ➢ An optical sensor in the neck of the hopper detects each tablet that passes and produces a
    pulse. This pulse goes to the Counter and advances it by one count; thus, any time during the
    filling of a bottle, the binary state of the counter represents the number of tablets in the
    bottle. The binary count is transferred from the counter to the B input of the comparator
    ✓ The A input of the comparator is the binary number for the maximum tablets per bottle. Now, let’s say that the present
    number of tablets per bottle is 50.
    ✓ When the binary number in the counter reaches 50, the A = B output of the comparator goes HIGH, indicating that the bottle
    is full. The HIGH output of the comparator causes the valve in the neck of the hopper to close and stop the flow of tablets.
    ✓ At the same time, the HIGH output of the comparator activates the conveyor, which moves the next empty bottle into place
    under the hopper.

    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024


    Logic Gates
    7

    A Process Control System


    General Operation
    ✓ When the bottle is in place, the conveyor control issues a pulse that resets the counter to
    zero as a result, the output of the comparator goes back LOW and causes the hopper
    valve to restart the flow of tablets.
    ✓ For each bottle filled, the maximum binary number in the counter is transferred to the A
    input of the Adder. The B input of the adder comes from Register B that stores the total
    number of tablets bottled up through the last bottle filled.
    ✓ The adder produces a new cumulative sum that is then stored in register B, replacing the
    previous sum. This keeps a running total of the tablets bottled during a given run.

    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024


    Logic Gates
    8

    A Process Control System


    General Operation
    ✓ The cumulative sum stored in register B goes to Decoder B, which detects when Register
    B has reached its maximum capacity and enables the MUX, which converts the binary
    from parallel to serial form for transmission to the remote DEMUX.
    ✓ The DEMUX converts the data back to parallel form for storage.

    By Abdulaziz J. Introduction To Digital Systems. 6/6/2024

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