Here’s a detailed list of important C++ data types with their subtypes, examples, and typical ranges.

C++ provides a
wide range of data types, each suited for specific use cases and varying memory constraints.

---

1. Integer Types:

- Description: Stores whole numbers, both positive and negative.

- Subtypes:

- int: Standard integer type.

- short int: Smaller integer type with a more limited range.

- long int: Allows larger integer values than int.

- long long int: Extended integer type with an even larger range.

- Examples:

```cpp

int a = 2147483647; // Standard int maximum value

short int b = 32767; // Max value for `short int`

long int c = 9223372036854775807; // Max value for `long int`

```

- Range:

- int: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

- short int: -32,768 to 32,767

- long int: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

- long long int: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

2. Floating-Point Types:

- Description: Used for numbers with fractional parts (decimals).

- Subtypes:

- float: Single-precision floating-point.

- double: Double-precision floating-point.

- long double: Extended precision floating-point.

- Examples:

```cpp

float x = 3.14f; // 7 decimal places of precision

double y = 2.718281828; // 15 decimal places of precision

- Range:

- float: ±1.2 × 10^-38 to ±3.4 × 10^38

- double: ±2.3 × 10^-308 to ±1.7 × 10^308

- long double: ±3.4 × 10^-4932 to ±1.1 × 10^4932

3. Boolean (bool):

- Description: Stores `true` or `false` values.

- Examples:

```cpp

bool isActive = true;

bool isComplete = false;

```

- Range: true or false.

4. Character (char):

- Description: Stores single characters, typically used for ASCII values.

- Subtypes:

- signed char: Can represent negative values.

- unsigned char: Represents only positive values.

- Examples:

```cpp

char letter = 'A'; // Standard char

unsigned char symbol = 65; // ASCII value for 'A'

```

- Range:

- char: -128 to 127 (for signed char), 0 to 255 (for unsigned char)

5. Wide Character (wchar_t):

- Description: Used to store larger character sets like Unicode.

- Examples:

```cpp

wchar_t wideChar1 = L'Ω'; // Unicode character for Omega

wchar_t wideChar2 = L'中'; // Chinese character

- Range: Typically 0 to 65,535 (varies by system).

6. String (std::string):

- Description: Stores a sequence of characters.

- Examples:

```cpp

std::string name = "Alice";

std::string greeting = "Hello, World!";

```

- Range: Limited by available memory.

7. Array:

- Description: Collection of elements of the same type.

- Examples:

```cpp

int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3}; // Array of integers

char chars[4] = {'A', 'B', 'C', '\0'}; // Array of characters

```

- Range: Size determined at initialization; typically limited by memory.

8. Pointers:

- Description: Stores memory addresses.

- Subtypes:

- int*: Pointer to an integer.

- char*: Pointer to a character.

- Examples:

```cpp

int num = 5;

int* ptr = # // Pointer to an integer

char* strPtr = "Hello"; // Pointer to a character array

```

- Range: Depends on system architecture (e.g., 32-bit or 64-bit addressable space).

- Description: Alias for another variable.

- Examples:

```cpp

int num = 10;

int& ref = num; // Reference to `num`

```

- Range: Same as the referenced variable; has no distinct range on its own.

10. Enumeration (enum):

- Description: User-defined type with a set of named values.

- Examples:

```cpp

enum Days { MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY };

enum Colors { RED = 1, GREEN = 2, BLUE = 3 };

```

- Range: int range by default (0, 1, 2, ...), or can be assigned specific values.

11. Structure (struct):

- Description: User-defined type that can hold different data types.

- Examples:

```cpp

struct Person {

std::string name;

int age;

};

Person person = {"Alice", 30}; // Example of using a struct

```

- Range: Depends on the data types of the members.

12. Union:

- Description: Similar to `struct`, but shares memory among all members.

- Examples:

```cpp
 union Data {

int intVal;

float floatVal;

};

Data data;

data.intVal = 10; // Storing an integer

data.floatVal = 5.5f; // Reuses the same memory for float

```

- Range: Depends on the data type of the largest member.

13. Void (void):

- Description: Represents an absence of type, often used for functions with no return value or generic pointers.

- Examples:

```cpp

void display(); // Function returning void

void* ptr; // Generic pointer

```

- Range: Not applicable, as it doesn’t represent any data.

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This covers a wide range of C++ data types with their subtypes, examples, and ranges. These data types are
fundamental to C++ programming and allow for a variety of applications and flexibility in managing data. Let me
know if you need further details or additional types explained!