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Lab Embedded

Uploaded by

Shaheer Ahmed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Microcontrollers

&
Embedded Systems
(MTS -331)
DE-44 Mechatronics
Syndicate – C
Lab Report
Week # 7

Names of Members:

1. GC Ahmed Hassan
Reg # 431990

2. GC Ahmed Mujtaba Kayani

Reg # 431979

Submitted to: LD Muhammad Qasim

1
Abstract:
This lab aimed to introduce basic coding techniques using Keil software, integrated
with the 8051 microcontroller in Proteus, to provide hands-on experience with
assembly coding and debugging tools. The objective was to gain foundational
knowledge of embedded systems operations.

Introduction:
The lab focused on key microcontroller functions within the Keil µVision
environment for the 8051. We performed delay calculations and explored the concepts
of machine cycles and clock cycles.

Tools:
The software used includes:

● Keil µVision

Procedure:

Part 1: Assembly Subroutines (Functions)

Task 1: Compare Bytes in RAM Memory

1. Objective: Create a subroutine to count matching bytes between two memory


blocks: 10h-1Fh and 20h-2Fh.
2. Instructions:
○ MOV DPTR, #TABLE1: Load the base address of TABLE1 into DPTR.
○ MOV R1, #TABLE2: Load the base address of TABLE2 into R1.
○ MOV R0, #0x10: Set R0 to 16, the number of bytes to compare.
○ MOV B, #0: Initialize the match counter B to zero.
3. Loop (LOOP):
○ MOVC A, @A+DPTR: Load the current byte from TABLE1 into A.
○ MOV R2, A: Temporarily store this byte in R2.
○ MOV DPTR, #TABLE2: Point DPTR to TABLE2.
○ MOVC A, @A+DPTR: Load the corresponding byte from TABLE2.
○ CJNE A, R2, SKIP: Compare bytes from TABLE1 and TABLE2; skip if
not equal.
○ INC B: If they match, increment the counter B.
○ SKIP: If bytes do not match, proceed without incrementing B.
○ Update pointers with INC DPTR and INC R1 to progress through
memory.
○ DJNZ R0, LOOP: Decrement R0 and repeat until all bytes are
compared.

2
Figure 1 : TASK 1

Task 2: PWM Signal Generation

1. Initialization:
○ TMOD = 01H: Set Timer 0 to 16-bit mode.
○ Set P1.1 high to initiate the PWM cycle.
2. PWM Loop:
○ High Time: Load TH0 and TL0 with FFH and 014H for a 228 µs delay,
then wait for TF0 overflow before setting P1.1 low.

Figure 2 :TASK2

○ Low Time: Set TH0 and TL0 to FFH and 039H for a 57 µs delay, then
wait for TF0 overflow and set P1.1 high to continue the cycle.

3
Figure 3: TASK 2

Part 2: Programming in C

Task 1: Toggle Port 1 Pins with Loops

● Toggled pins 3 and 4 of Port 1 using a for loop in C.


● Steps:
○ #include <reg51.h> includes the 8051 function library.
○ sbit sets bits 3 and 4 as P1^3 and P1^4 to easily access them within the
loop.
○ A loop iterates 2000 times, toggling the pins each time.

Figure 2 Using loops for toggling pins

Task 2: Sensor-Based Buzzer Control on Port 1

● Controlled toggling of pin 7 based on the state of pin 1.


● Steps:
○ Assign SENSOR to bit 1 (P1.1) and BUZZER to bit 7 (P1.7) using sbit.
○ In the run() function, check if SENSOR is active; if yes, set BUZZER
high, otherwise set it low.
4
Figure 3 Buzzer and Sensor

Task 3: LCD Display Control Using Ports 1 and 2

● Controlled an LCD to display the text “I love Pakistan.”


● Steps:
○ #include <reg51.h> imports 8051 registers, defining EN as bit 0 of Port
2 (P2.0).
○ A character array stores the text.
○ while(1) creates a continuous loop, while for iterates through each
character for display.
○ Delay() uses nested loops to create a timed delay.

Figure 4 LCD Display

Conclusion:
This lab provided practical experience in coding and debugging for the 8051
microcontroller, reinforcing key concepts in embedded systems and preparing us for
more advanced projects.

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