MTH401 FINAL TERM SOLVED SUBJECTIVE
BY SHINING STAR
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_____________
Q1.Write down the system of differential equations
dx dy
6 x y 6t , 4 x 3 y 10t 4
dt dt
X ' AX F (t )
in form of
Solution:
6 1 6t
X ' X
4 3 10t 4
dy dx
x, y
dt dt
Q2. Solve the system of differential equations by systematic elimination.
Solution:
dy
x Dy x 0 .........(i )
dt
dx
y y Dx 0 ..........(ii )
dt
Operate (ii) by D, we get
Dy D 2 x 0 ...........(iii )
Add (i) and (iii), we get
Dy x 0
Dy D 2 x 0
D2 x x 0
D 2
1 x 0
Auxiliary equation is m 2 1 0
m 1
x t c1et c2 e t
Put this in (i), we get
Dy c1et c2 e t 0
Dy c1et c2 e t
Integrate both sides, we get
y t c1et c2e t
y y 0
Q3. Find a series solution for the differential equation about such that
y ( x) a
n 0
n xn
and
Solution:
an
an2 ; n 0,1, 2,...
n 2 n 1
a0 a
For n 0, a2 0
0 2 0 1 2
a1 a
For n 1, a3 1
1 2 1 1 6
a2 a 1 a a
For n 2, a4 2 0 0
2 2 2 1 12 12 2 24
a3 a 1 a a
For n 3, a5 3 1 1
3 2 3 1 20 20 6 120
y x a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 a4 x 4 a5 x5 ...
a a a a
y x a0 a1 x 0 x 2 1 x 3 0 x 4 1 x 5 ...
2 6 24 120
1 1 4 1 1 5
y x a0 1 x 2 x ... a1 x x 3 x ...
2 24 6 120
4 5
X Cos3t Sin3t
3 3 X A.Sin(wt )
Q4. Write solution in the form .
2 2
4 5 41
A
3 3 3
4/3
tan 1 0.6747 radians
5 / 3
41
x t sin 3t 0.6747
3
Q5.
Case 1:
is a function of y
Case2:
Then find the integrating factor in both cases.
Solution:
1
u
xM yN
Q6. Find eigen vector of
3 1
2 4
A= ,corresponding eigen value 2 .
3 (2) 1 0
2 4 (2) 0
1 1 0
2 2 0
Add two times row 1 in row 2
1 1 0
0 0 0
k1 k2 0
k1 k2
Choosing k 2 1, we get k1 1
1
therefore, eigen vector is V
1
Q8. Under which conditions linear independence of the solutions for the differential equation
y P( x) y Q( x) y 0 ..........(1) is guaranteed?
Solution:
Linear independence is guaranteed in case when the Wronskian of the two solutions is not equal to zero.
Q9. Write the homogenous system of differential equations
dx dy t
2 5x 5e
dt dt
dx dy t
x e
dt dt lec 36 example 1
in decoupled form.
dx dy
2 5x 5et
dt dt
dx dy
x et
dt dt
2 D 5 x Dy 5et
D 1 x Dy et
2 D 5 D 5et D 2 D 5 5et
Determinants are , t ,
D 1 D e D D 1 et
Therefore, in decpoupled form, we get
2D 5 D 5et D
x t
D 1 D e D
2D 5 D 2 D 5 5et
y
D 1 D D 1 et
Q10. When Frobenius’ Theorem is used in Differential Equation
a2 ( x) y a1 ( x) y a0 ( x) y 0
?
Solution:
When we have a regular singular point x= x0, then we can find at least one series
solution of the form y cn x x0
n r
, where r is the constant that we will determine
n 0
after solving the differential equation.
Q11. Find the eigenvalues of the following system
3 9
X X
4 3
Solution:
3 9
X ' X
4 3
3 9
A
4 3
for eigen values, A I 0
3 9
0
4 3
3 3 36 0
3 3 3 36 0
9 3 3 2 36 0
9 2 36 0
2 27 0
27i and 27i are the two complex eigen values
Q12. Define Legendre’s polynomial of degree n
Solution:
Legendre polynomial is an nth degree polynomial and it is given by the formula
1 dn 2
n
Pn x x 1
n
n
2 n ! dx
Q13. What is the ordinary differential equation and give an example?
Solution:
A differential equation which only includes ordinary derivatives is known as ordinary differential
equation. Some examples of ordinary differential equations include:
dy
x2 y
dx
x 2 1 y 2 1
dy
dx
d2y dy
2
2 3y 0
dx dx
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