2 Ee 94

AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA (2024-25)
CLASS X CH. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT RESOURCE SHEET 1

MAGNETIC FIELD: The space surrounding a magnet in which the force of attraction and
repulsion is exerted on another magnet or magnetic needle is called a magnetic field.
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES: The magnetic field lines are the lines drawn in a magnetic field along
which an independent, imaginary north magnetic pole would move. These are also known as
magnetic lines of forces.
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES IN A BAR MAGNET:
• A magnetic field lines originate from North Pole and end at its south pole.
• A magnetic field line is a closed and continuous curve because monopole does not exist.
• The magnetic field lines are closer near the poles of a magnet where the magnetic field
is strong and farther apart where the magnetic field is weak.
• The magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
• A uniform magnetic field is represented by parallel and
equidistant field lines.
• The tangent at any point on the magnetic lines gives the
direction of magnetic field at that point.
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR (OERSTED’S EXPT)

ACTIVITY: Connect a long straight copper wire, two or three cells of 1.5 V each, and a plug key
in series. Place the straight wire parallel to and over a compass needle. Plug the key in the
circuit. Observe the direction of deflection of the north pole of the needle. If the current flows
from north to south, the north pole of the compass needle would move towards the east. On
reversing the direction of current, the needle deflects towards the west. It means that the
direction of magnetic field produced by the electric current is also
reversed.
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT THROUGH A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR: The magnetic field
lines around a straight current conductor carrying are concentric circles whose centers lie on
the wire. The magnitude of magnetic field produced by a straight current carrying wire at a
point is : directly proportional to current passing in the wire. (B α I)
: inversely proportional to the distance of that point from the wire. (B α I/r)
Right-Hand Thumb Rule: If a current carrying conductor is held by right hand, keeping the
thumb straight and if the direction of electric current is in the direction of thumb, then the
direction of wrapping of other fingers will show the direction of magnetic field.
MAGNETIC FIELD IN A CURRENT CARRYING CIRCULAR LOOP OR COIL:
• The magnetic field lines are circular near the current carrying loop. As we move away,
the concentric circles become bigger and bigger.
• At the centre, all the magnetic field lines are in the same direction due to which the
strength of magnetic field increases.
• Also at the centre, the magnetic lines are almost straight
and parallel and represent uniform magnetic field.
• The strength of magnetic field produced by a current
carrying circular loop is
❖ directly proportional to the current passing (B α I)
❖ inversely proportional to the radius of the circular
loop (B α I/r)
❖ number of turns (B α n)
MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND A CURRENT CARRYING SOLENOID

Solenoid is a coil of insulated copper wire wound in the form of a cylinder such that its length is
greater than its diameter.
❖ The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic
field produced by a bar magnet.
❖ The current in each turn of a current carrying solenoid flows in the same direction, due
to which the magnetic field produced by each turn of the solenoid adds up, giving a
strong magnetic field inside the solenoid.
❖ It has its own North Pole and South Pole. The end of the solenoid where the current
flows in the anti-clockwise direction is its North pole and the other end where the
direction of current is clockwise is its South pole.
❖ Parallel magnetic field lines inside the solenoid represent uniform magnetic field.
The strength of magnetic field produced by a carrying current solenoid depends on
➢ number of turns(n)
➢ strength of current(I)
Clock Face Rule: A current carrying loop works like a disc magnet. The polarity of this
magnet can be easily understood with the help of Clock Face Rule. If the current is flowing
in anti – clockwise direction, then the face of the loop shows north pole. On the other hand,
if the current is flowing in clockwise direction, then the face of the loop shows south pole.
Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

A.M. Ampere suggested that if a current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field and
exerts a force on a magnet, then a magnet should also exert a force on a current carrying
conductor.
Aim:To show that a current carrying wire experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field.
Experimental Setup:
A conductor (aluminum rod) is suspended horizontally from a stand in between the poles of a
horse shoe magnet and is connected with a battery and a key.
Observations:
1. On closing the key, the conductor gets displaced towards right.
2. On reversing the direction of current, the conductor gets displaced towards left.
3. On changing the polarity of the magnet, the direction of force acting on the current carrying
conductor gets reversed.
4. When current carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field,
the maximum displacement occurs indicating the maximum force on the conductor.
5. On placing the conductor parallel to the direction of magnetic field no displacement is
noticed.
Conclusion: When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a
force, except when it is placed parallel to the magnetic field. The force acting on a current
carrying conductor in a magnetic field is due to interaction between:
(a) Magnetic force due to current-carrying conductor and
(b)External magnetic field in which the conductor is placed.
The displacement of conductor shows that it experiences some force when it carries some
current and is placed in a magnetic field.
Factors on which the force acting on the current carrying conductor depends
1) Strength of the magnetic field: F α B 2) Current flowing through the wire: F α I
3) Length of the wire: F α L
Fleming’s left-hand rule: According to this rule, stretch thumb, forefinger and center finger of
your left hand such that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If fore finger represents
direction of magnetic field & center finger represents direction of current, then thumb
will point in the direction of motion or force acting on the conductor.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q1. Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a bar magnet?
Q2. Why don’t two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?
Q3. PQ is a current carrying conductor producing magnetic field around it. A and B are two
points at a distance r1 and r2 from it. If r1 > r2, where is the magnetic strength greater and why?
Q4. How will the magnetic field around a current – carrying straight conductor be affected on
(a) increasing the current through the conductor? (b) changing the direction of flow of current
in the conductor?
Q5. A current through a horizontal power line flows in east to west direction. What is the
direction of magnetic field at a point directly below it and at a point directly above it?
Q6. How will the magnetic field around a current – carrying straight conductor be affected on
(a) increasing the current through the conductor?
(b) changing the direction of flow of current in the conductor?
Q7. How will the strength of magnetic field due to current carrying loop be affected, if-
(a) radius of the loop is reduced to half of its original value?
(b) strength of current through the loop is doubled?
Q8. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current pass
through the loop clockwise. Find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside
the loop. Also name the rule used.
Q 9. Give an important use of a solenoid.
Q10. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in figure. What will be
the direction of force acting on the electron. State the rule which gives direction of force on
electron. If instead of electron, a neutron enters a field, what will be its
direction of motion? Give reason.
Q11. A current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. Is there
a similar magnetic field produced around a thin beam of moving (i) electrons (ii) neutrons.
Justify your answer.
Q12. State the condition under which an electron moving though a magnetic field with a given
speed experiences maximum force.
Q13. State Right hand thumb Rule.
Q14. How do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if (i)current in rod AB is
increased; (ii) a stronger horse-shoe magnet is used; and length of the rod AB is increased?
Q15. A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards west is deflected
towards north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is
(a) towards south (b) towards east (c) downward (d) upward.
Q16. When is the force experienced by a current–carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
field largest?
CBQ

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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA (2024-25)

CLASS X CH. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT RESOURCE SHEET 1

MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR (OERSTED’S EXPT)

MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND A CURRENT CARRYING SOLENOID

Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

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