CHAPTER

Simple Equations
4
UNIT-1 4.1 A Mindreading Game! 4.2 Setting Up of An Equation, 4.3 Review of
What We Know, 4.4 What Equation is? Exercise 4.1
A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Think of a number, multiply it by 3 and add 4 to it then equation formed is 3x + 4 .

2. For x = 2, 3x + 2 = 8 .

3. In an equation there is always an equality sign.

4. In equation R.H.S. is generally a number .

5. An equation is a condition on a variable .

6. A variable taeks on different numerical values; its value is not fixed.

B. State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. x + 5 < 11 is an equation False

2. The value of constant is always fixed True

3. In an equation there is always an equality sign. True

4. x + 5 = 0, for x = –5. True

C. Multiple-choice questions:

1. 6 added to thrice of a number gives 10, Equation for given statement is (b)

(a) 2x – 6 = 10 (b) 3x + 6 =10 (c) 2x + 10 = 6 (d) 2x – 10 = 6

2. If a/3 = 3, then a = .(c)

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12

3. Which of the following is not an equation? (a)

(a) x > 10 (b) 2x = 5 (c) x + 1 = 9 (d) 2a + b = 11

4. One-third of number minus 2 is 15.  (c)

(a) x/2 – 3 = 15 (b) x/3 – 15 = –2 (c) x/3 – 2 = 15 (d) x/2 – 2 = 15

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Sums Based on Exercise 4.1
1. Complete the following table

Sr. No. Equation Value Say, whether the equation is satisfied (Yes/No).

(i) x+2=0 x = –2 Yes

(ii) x–5=5 x=0 No

(iii) x–7=5 x = 12 Yes

(iv) x – 5 = –5 x=0 Yes

(v) 5x = 0 x=0 Yes

(vi) 4x = 16 x=4 Yes

(vii) 4x = 16 x = –4 No

(viii) p/6 = 2 p=8 No

(ix) p/6 = 2 p = 12 Yes

(x) p/6 = 2 p = –12 No

2. Check whether the value given in the brackets is a solution to the given equation or not:

(i)
a + 9 = 11 (a = 2) (ii) 3a + 6 = 12 (a = 2) (iii) 2b + 3 = 15 (b = 5 )

(iv) 5b – 5 = 5 (b = 2) (v) 6p – 10 = 30 (p = 6) (vi) 6p – 12 = –12 (p = 0)

(i) a + 9 = 11 (iii) 2b + 3 = 15

Putting a = 2, in L.H.S. Putting b = 5 in L.H.S.

2 + 9 = 11 2 (5) + 3 = 10 +3 = 13

L.H.S. = R.H.S. L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.

∴ a = 2 is the solution of given equation.

∴ b = 5 is not the solution of given equation.

(ii) 3a + 6 = 12 (iv) 5b – 5 = 5

Putting a = 2 in L.H.S. Putting b = 2 in the L.H.S.

  3 (2) + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 5 (2) – 5 = 10 – 5 = 5

L.H.S. = R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

∴ a = 2 is the solution of given equation.

∴    b = 2 is the solution of given equation.

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 (v) 6p – 10 = 30 (vi) 6p – 12 = –12

Putting p = 6 in the L.H.S.   Putting p = 0 in the L.H.S.

6 (6) – 10 = 36 – 10 = 26    6 (0) –12 = 0 –12 = –12

L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.   L.H.S. = R.H.S.

   ∴   ∴    p = 0 is the solution of the given

p = 6 is not the solution of the given

equation. equation.

3. Solve the following equation by trial and error method.

3b + 5 = 14

Putting b = 0 in L.H.S.

3 (0) + 5 = 5

5 ≠ 14 Therefore b = 0 is not the solution.

Putting b = 1 in L.H.S.

3 (1) + 5 = 3 + 5 = 8

8 ≠ 14 Therefore = 1 is not the solution.

Putting b = 2 in L.H.S.

3 (2) + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11

11 ≠ 14 Therefore b = 2 is not the solution.

Putting b = 3 in L.H.S.

3 (3) + 5 = 9 + 5 = 14

14 = 14 Therefore b = 3 is the solution.

4. Write equations for the following statements.

(i) The sum of two numbers y and 10 is 20. (ii) 8 subtracted from z gives 12.

(iii) 5 times b is 30. (iv) One-third of p is 14.

(v) The number m divided by 6 gives 36. (vi) If you take 5 from four times x, you get 40.

(vii) 10 times z plus 10 gets you 90. (viii) If you take away 7 from two-third of n, you get 25.

(ix) If you add 2 to 6 times of x you get 44.

(i) y + 10 = 20 (ii) z – 8 = 12 (iii) 5b = 30 (iv) p/3 = 14

(v) m = 36 (vi) 4x – 5 = 40 (vii) 10z + 10 = 90 (viii) (2/3) n – 7 = 25

6
(ix) 6x + 2 = 44

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 5. Write the following equations in statements form:
x
(i) a + 3 = 7 (ii) P – 2 = 5 (iii) =4 (iv) 3n = 18
2
2a
(v) =3 (vi) 3m – 4 = 6 (vii) 5b + 1 = 7 (viii) y/4 + 3 = 9
5
(i) The sum of a and 3 is 7. (ii) 2 subtracted from P gives 5.

(iii) Half of a number x is 4. (iv) Three times n is 18.

(v) Two-fifth of a is 3. (vi) 4 subtracted from 3 times m gives 6.

(vii) 1 added to 5 times b gives 7. (viii) 3 added to one-fourth of y gives 9.

6. Set up an equation in the following cases.

(i) Vijay says that he has 5 chocolates more than 3 times the chocolates Piyush has. Vijay has 32 chocolates

(Take x to be the number of chocolates Piyush has).

(ii) Hitesh’s father is 52 years old. He is 6 years older than two times Hitesh’s age.

(Take Hitesh’s age to be y years).

(iii) The teacher tells the class that the highest marks obtained by a student in her class is thrice the lowest

marks plus 2. The highest score is 85. (Take the lowest score to be b.)

(iv) Rakesh has 2 marbles more than 2 times the marble Parth has. Rakesh has 20 marbles.

(Take p to be number of Parth’s marble)

(i) Let ‘x’ be the number of chocolates Piyush has.

3 times Piyush’s chocolates = 3x

Vijay has 5 more chocolates than 3x

∴ Vijay has 3x + 5 chocolates.

Total chocolates Vijay has are 32.

∴ Equation is 3x + 5 = 32

(ii) Let Hitesh’s age be ‘y’ years. Hitesh’s father’s age is 52 which is 6 years more than 2 times Hitesh’s age.

(2 times y) + 6 = Hitesh’s father’s age

∴ 2y + 6 = 52

(iii) Let lowest marks be ‘b’

Thrice of lowest marks = 3b

Highest marks are thrice the lowest marks + 2 which is 85.

∴ 3b + 2 = 85

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 (iv) Let ‘x’ be the number of marbles Parth has.

2 times Parth’s marble = 2x

Rakesh has 2 more marbles than 2x

∴ Rakesh has 2x + 2 marbles.

Total marbles Rakesh has 20

∴ equation is 2x + 2 = 20

Unit-2 4.4.1. Solving An Equation, Exercise 4.2

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. A balanced equation is like a weighing balance with equal weights in the two pans.

2. By subtracting 3 from both sides of the equation x + 3 = 7, we get x = 4 .

3. The solution of the equation –x + 5 = 0 is 5 .

4. The solution of the equation 5a = 45 is, a = 9 .

B. State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. If we add the same number to both sides of an equality, it still holds. True

2. If we multiply or divide both sides of the equality by the same non-zero number, it does not hold. False

3. If different weight is added to both sides of the pan, the balance is tilted. True

4. If L.H.S. is not equal to R.H.S. the equality may hold.  False

C. Multiple-choice questions:

1. x = 3 is the solution of the equation: (d)

(a) x + 3 = 0 (b) –x – 3 = 0 (c) –3 = x (d) x – 3 = 0

2. By adding 3 to both sides of the equation x – 3 = 5, we get (b)

(a) x = 3 (b) x = 8 (c) x = 5 (d) x = 0

3. For equation x + 1 = 1 , the solution is (b)

2 2
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 0 (c) x = 1 (d) x = 1
2 4
4. Solution of the equation 5y = 30 is (a)

(a) y = 6 (b) y = 5 (c) y = 35 (d) y = 25

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 Sums Based on Exercise 4.2
1. Give first the step you will take to separate the variable and then solve the equation

(i) x + 2 = 1 (ii) x + 4 = 0 (iii) x – 3 = 3 (vi) a + 5 = 2 (v) a – 7 = 8

(vi) a + 7 = 8 (vii) m – 3 = –1 (viii) m + 3 = 1 (ix) m + 5 = 9

(i) First step is to subtract 2 from both the sides (vi) First step is to subtract 7 from both the sides

x+2–2=1–2 a+7–7=8–7

∴ x = –1 is the solution
∴ a = 1 is the solution

(ii) First step is to subtract 4 from both the sides (vii) First step is to add 3 on both the sides

x+4–4=0–4 m – 3 + 3 = –1 + 3

∴ x = –4 is the solution
∴ m = 2 is the solution

(iii) First step is to add 3 on both the sides (viii) First step is to subtract 3 from both the sides

x–3+3=3+3 m+3–3=1–3

∴ x = 6 is the solution
∴ m = –2 is the solution

(iv) First step is to subtract 5 from both the sides (ix) First step is to subtract 5 from both the sides

a+5–5=2–5 m+5–5=9–5

∴ a = –3 is the solution
∴ m = 4 is the solution

(v) First step is to add 7 on both the sides

a–7+7=8+7

∴ a = 15 is the solution

2. Give first step you will use to separate the variable and then solve the equation

(i) 2x = 12 (ii) a/3 = 4 (iii) 5m = 35 (iv) 6y = 42 (v) n/2 = 6/5

(vi) p/4 = 2/3 (vii) 8b = –24 (viii) 10c = 80 (ix) k/7 = 1

(i) First step is to divide both sides by 2 (iii) First step is to divide both sides by 5

2x = 12 5m = 35
2 2 5 5
∴ x = 6 is the solution ∴ m = 7 is the solution

(ii) First step is to multiply both sides by 3 (iv) First step is to divide both sides by 6

a ×3=4×3 6y = 42
3 6 6
∴ a = 12 is the solution ∴ y = 7 is the solution

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 (v) First step is to multiply both sides by 2 (viii) First step is to divide both sides by 10

n ×2= 6 ×2 10c = 80
2 5 10 10
∴ n = 12 is the solution ∴ c = 8 is the solution
5
(vi) First step is to multiply both sides by 4 (ix) First step is to multiply both sides by 7

P ×4= 2 ×4 k/7 × 7 = 1 × 7
4 3
∴ P = 8/3 is the solution ∴ k = 7 is the solution

(vii) First step is to divide both sides by 8

8b = – 24
8 8
∴ b = – 3 is the solution

3. Give the steps you will use to separate the variable and then solve the equation

(i) 2a + 3 = 27 (ii) 4b – 4 = 20 (iii) 10m/3 = 30 (iv) 5x = 20

8
(i) 2a + 3 = 27 (iii) 10m = 30
3
Subtract 3 from both the sides multiply both sides by 3.

2a + 3 – 3 = 27 – 3 10m × 3 = 30 × 3
3
∴ 2a = 24 ∴  10m = 90

Divide both sides by 2 Divide both sides by 10

2a = 24 10m = 90
2 2 10 10
∴ a = 12 is the solution ∴   m = 9 is the solution

(ii) 4b – 4 = 20 (iv) 5x = 20
8
Add 4 on both the sides multiply both the sides by 8

4b – 4 + 4 = 20 + 4 5x × 8 = 20 × 8
8
∴ 4b = 24   ∴ 5x = 160

Divide both sides by 4 Divide both sides by 5

4b = 24 5x = 160
4 2 5 5
∴ b = 6 is the solution ∴ x = 32 is the solution

4. Solve the following equations:

(i) 6a = 36 (ii) 5b + 5 = 25 (iii) m/4 = 6 (iv) –m/6 = 2

2p
(v) =4 (vi) 5k = –15 (vii) 7a + 35 = 0 (viii) 10b = 0
3
(ix) 2q – 8 = 0 (x) 4r = 16 (xi) 3c – 6 = 0 (xii) 3c + 6 = 15

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 (i)    6a = 36 (ii) 5b + 5 = 25

  6a = 36 5b + 5 – 5 = 25 – 5
6 6
        ∴ a = 6 ∴ 5b = 20

    ∴ 5b = 20/5
5
    ∴ b=4

(iii)      m/4 = 6 (iv)              –m = 2

6
  m/4 × 4 = 6 × 4            –m ×6=2×6
6
       ∴ m = 24 ∴            –m = 12

∴               m = –12

(v)          2p/3 = 4 (vi)   5k = –15

         2p × 3 = 4 × 3 ∴ 5k = –15
3 5 5
      ∴ 2p = 12       ∴ k = –3

   ∴ p = 6

(vii)           7a + 35 = 0 (viii)     10b = 0

7a + 35 –35 = 0 –35   ∴ 10b = 0

10 10
∴     7a = –35   ∴ b=0

∴          7a = –35
7 7
          ∴ a = –5

(ix) 2q – 8 = 0 (x) 4r =16

2q – 8 + 8 = 0 + 8 ∴ 4r = 16
4 4
   ∴ 2q = 8   ∴ r = 4

  ∴ 2q = 8
2 2
   ∴q=4

(xi) 3c – 6 = 0 (xii) 3c + 6 = 15

3c – 6 + 6 = 0 + 6 ∴ 3c + 6 – 6 = 15 – 6

∴ 3c = 6 ∴ 3c = 9

∴ 3c = 6 ∴ 3c/3 = 9/3
3 3
∴ c = 2 ∴ c = 3

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 Unit-3 4.5 More Equations, 4.6 From Solution To Equation, Exercise 4.3
A. Fill in the blanks:

1. While transposing a number, sign of the number is changed.

2. Changing the side of the number is same as transposing a number.

3. Solution of equation 2 (a + 3) = 10 is a = 2 .

4. Solution of equation –3(x + 2) + 2 = 35 is x = –13 .

B. Multiple-choice questions:

1. The value of x which satisfies the equation 2x + 11 = –3  (b)

(a) 7 (b) –7 (c) 5 (d) –5

2. Every equation has ___________ solution. (a)

(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) many

3. The value for which the expression 2a + 1 and 3a – 4 becomes equal is _______ (c)

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

4. The solution of 4 + 2 (b + 3) = 20 is _______ (c)

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 10

Sums Based on Exercise 4.3

1. Solve the following equations:

(i) 4x + 7 = 40 (ii) 3y + 10 = 32 (iii) P – 1 = 4 (iv) a + 9 = 4

3 3 5 2

(v) 7 m + 2 = 0 (vi) 6 m = 36 (vii) 3p+ 17 = 9 (viii) 4c – 12 = 4

3 5 25 2

(ix) 5 n = 3 (x) 3a – 1 = 5
3 5 4

(i) 4x + 7 = 40 4x = 40 – 7
3 3 3 3
∴ 4x = 33/3

Transposing 7 to R.H.S. ∴ 4x = 11
3
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 Dividing both sides by 4 Divide both sides by 7

4x/4 = 11/4 7m = – 6/7

7
∴ x = 11/4 ∴ m = – 6/7

(ii) 3y + 10 = 32 (vi) 6 m = 36
5 25
Transposing 10 to R.H.S. Multiplying both sides by 5

3y = 32 – 10 6m × 5 = 36 × 5
5 25
3y = 22 ∴ 6m = 36
5
Diving both sides by 3 Divide both side by 6

3y/3 = 22/3 6m/6 = 36/5 ÷ 6

∴ y = 22/3 m = 6/5

(iii) P –1=4 (vii) 3p +17/2 = 9

5
Transposing – 1 to R.H.S. Transposing 17/2 to R.H.S.

P =4+1 3p = 9 – 17/2
5
P =5 ∴ 3p = 18 – 17
5 2
Multiplying both sides by 5 ∴ 3p =1/2

P ×5=5×5 Dividing both sides by 3

5
∴ P = 25 3p/3 = 1
2×3
(iv) a +9=4 ∴ p = 1/6
2
Transposing 9 to R.H.S. (viii) 4c – 12= 4

a =4–9∴ a =–5 Transposing – 12 to R.H.S.

2 2
Multiplying both sides by 2 ∴ 4c = 4 + 12

a ×2=–5×2 4c = 16
2
∴ a = – 10 Dividing both sides by 4,

(v) 7 m+2=0 4c = 16
3 4 4
Transposing 2 to R.H.S. ∴c=4

7 m=–2 (ix) 5 n= 3
3 3 5
Multiplying both sides by 3 Multiplying both sides by 3

7 m×3=–2×3 5 n×3= 3 ×3
3 3 5
∴ 7 m = – 6 ∴ 5n = 9
5
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 Divide both sides by 5 Multiplying both sides by 4

5n = 9 ⇒ ∴ n= 9 3a × 4 = 6 × 4 therefore, 3a = 24
5 5×5 25 4
(x) 3a – 1 = 5 Dividing both sides by 3
4
Transposing – 1 to R.H.S. 3a = 24
3 3
∴ 3a = 5 + 1 ∴ a = 8
4
∴ 3a =6
4
2. Solve the following equations:

(i) 3 (a + 3 ) = 15 (ii) 2 (m – 2) = 18 (iii) –5 (p + 7 )= 25 (iv) 4 (q – 6)= –20

(v) 7 (5 – m ) = 21

(i) 3 (a + 3) = 15 Transposing 7 to R.H.S.

Divide both sides by 3 ∴ p = –5 – 7

3(a + 3) = 15 ∴ p = –12
3 3
∴ a + 3 = 5 (iv) 4 (q – 6) = –20

Transposing 3 to R.H.S. Divide both sides by 4

    a = 5 – 3 4(q – 6) = –20

4 4
∴a=2 q – 6 = –5

(ii) 2 (m – 2) = 18 Transposing –6 to R.H.S.

Divide both sides by 2 q = –5 + 6

2(m – 2) = 18 ∴ q = 1
2 2
(m – 2) = 9 (v) 7 (5 – m)= 21

Transposing –2 to R.H.S. Divide both sides by 7

m=9+2 7(5 – m) = 21
7 7
m = 11 5–m=3

(iii) –5 (p + 7) = 25 Transposing 5 to R.H.S.,

Divide both sides by –5 –m = 3 – 5

–5(p + 7) = 25 p + 7 = –5 –m = –2    ∴ m = 2
–5 –5
3. Solve the following equations:

(i) 2 = 3 (a – 1) (ii) –2 = 3 (a – 1) (iii) 28 = 3 + 5 (m + 3)

(iv) 6 + 3 (n – 1) = 36 (v) 0 = 14 + 7 (b + 4 )

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 (i) 2 = 3 (a – 1)

Divide both sides by 3 Transposing 3 to L.H.S.

2 = 3(a – 1) 5–3=m
3 3
∴m=2

∴ 2 =a–1 (iv) 6 + 3 (n – 1)= 36

3
Transposing –1 to L.H.S. Transposing 6 to R.H.S.

2 +1=a 3 (n – 1) = 36 – 6
3
∴a= 5 ∴ 3 (n – 1) = 30
3
(ii) –2 = 3 (a – 1) Divide both sides by 3

Divide both sides 3 3(n – 1) = 30

3 3
–2 = 3(a – 1) ∴ n – 1 = 10
3 3
Transposing –1 to R.H.S.

∴ –2 = a – 1 n = 10 + 1
3
Transposing –1 to L.H.S. ∴ n = 11

–2 + 1 = a (v) 0 = 14 + 7 (b + 4)
3
Transposing 14 to L.H.S.,

∴ a = –2 + 3 –14 = 7 (b + 4)
3
∴ a = 1/3 Divide both sides by 7

(iii) 28 = 3 + 5 (m+3) –14 = b + 4

7
Transposing 3 to L.H.S. ∴ –2 = b + 4

28 – 3 = 5 (m + 3) Transposing –2 to R.H.S.

25 = 5 (m+3) b+4+2=0

Divide both sides by 5 ∴b+6=0

25 = 5(m + 3) ⇒ 5 = m + 3 ∴ b = −6
5 5
4. (a) Construct three equations starting with x = 3.

(b) Construct three equations starting with x = –3.

(a) (i) x = 3 (ii) x = 3

∴ 2x = 6 (Multiply both sides by 2) ∴ 3x = 9 (Multiply both sides by 3)

∴ 2x + 3 = 9 (Add 3 on both the sides) ∴ 3x +2 = 11 (Add 2 on both the sides)

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 (iii) x = 3 (ii) x = –3

∴ 5x = 15 (Multiply both sides by 5) ∴ 3x =–9 (Multiply both sides by 3)

5x + 2 = 17 (Add 2 on both the sides) ∴ 3x +10 =1 (Add 10 on both the sides)

(b) (i) x = –3 (iii) x = –3

∴ 2x = –6 (Multiply both sides by 2) 4x = –12 (Multiply both sides by 4)

∴ 2x +3 = –3 (Add 3 on both the sides) 4x +15 = 3 (Add 15 on both the sides)

UNIT-4 4.7 Applications of Simple Equations To Practical Situations, Exercise 4.4

A. Fill in the blanks:

In a test, Vibha gets twice the marks as that of Anjali. Two times Vibha’s marks and three times Anjali’s

marks make 350.

1. If Anjali gets x marks, Vibha gets 2x marks.

2. The equation formed is 7x = 350 .

3. The solution of the equation is x = 50 .

4. Marks obtained by Anjali is 50 .

B. Multiple-choice questions:

1. Which of the following equation can be formed using the equation x = 3? (a)

(a) 2x + 2 = 8 (b) 3x + 3 = 5 (c) x + 3 = 12 (d) x – 2 = 0

3
2. The equation which cannot be solved in integers is (c)

(a) 4a + 9 = 25 (b) 2a + 1 = 11 (c) 3c – 1 = 3 (d) x + 5 = 9

3. The sum of two times a number and 4 is 14. The number is (c)

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

4. A number whose two-third is 7 more than 9. The number is (c)

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 24 (d) 4

Sums Based on Exercise 4.4

1. Set up equations and solve them to find the unknown number in the following cases.

(i) Add 2 to 5 times a number, you get 32

(ii) One-third of number minus 3 gives 8

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 (iii) If I take two-third of a number and add 4 to it, I get 18

(iv) When I subtracted 9 from thrice a number, the result was 15.

(v) Aryan subtracts four times the number of note books he has from 60, he finds the result to be 24

(vi) Roy thinks of a number and adds 10 to it. Now he divides the sum by 7 and gets 5 as an answer

(vii) Tarun thinks of a number. If he takes away 4 from 2 of the number, the result is 14
5
(i) let the number be x

5 times the number is 5x

Adding 2 to it gives 32

So, 5x + 2 = 32

∴ 5x = 32 – 2 (Transposing 2 to R.H.S.)

∴ 5x = 30

∴ 5x = 30 (Divide both sides by 5)

5 5
∴x=6

(ii) Let the number be x. One-third of the number is x/3 if we subtract 3 from x/3 we get 8. x –3 = 8
3
x = 8 + 3 (Transposing –3 to R.H.S.)
3
∴ x =11
3
∴ x = 3 × 11 = 33

(iii) Let the number be x

two-third of the number is 2 x

3
2
If we add 4 to x we get 18
3
2 x + 4 = 18
3

∴ 2 x = 18 – 4 (Transposing 4 to R.H.S.)
3
∴ 2 x =14
3

∴ 2 x × 3 = 14 × 3 (Multiply both sides by 3)

3
∴ 2x = 42

∴ 2x = 42 (Divide both sides by 2)

2 2
∴ x =21

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 (iv) Let the number be x

Thrice of the number is 3x

9 subtracted from 3x gives 15

3x – 9 = 15

∴ 3x = 15 + 9 (Transposing –9 to R.H.S.)

∴ 3x = 24

∴ 3x = 24 (Divide both sides by 3)

3 3
∴x=8

(v) Let the number of notebook Aryan has be x.

four times the note books is 4x

subtracting 4x from 60 gives 24

60 – 4x = 24

Transposing 60 to R.H.S.

     –4x = 24 – 60

   ∴ –4x = –36

∴ –4x = –36 (Divide both sides by –4).

–4 –4
x=9

(vi) Let the number be x.

Adding 10 to it gives x + 10

Now dividing x + 10 by 7 gives 5.

∴ x + 10 = 5
7

∴ x + 10 × 7 = 5 × 7 (Multiply both sides by 7)

7
∴ x + 10 = 35

∴ x = 35 – 10 (Transmission 10 to R.H.S.)

∴ x = 25

(vii) Let the number be x

2/5 of the number is 2 x

5

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 Subtracting 4 from 2 x gives 14

5
∴
2 x – 4 = 14
5

∴
2 x = 14 + 4 (Transposing 4 to R.H.S)
5

∴
2 x = 18
5

∴
2 x × 5 = 18 × 5 (Multiply both sides by 5)
5
∴
2x = 90

∴
2x = 90 (Divide both sides by 2)
2 2
∴
x = 45

2. Solve the following:

(i) The teacher tells the class that the highest marks obtained by a student in her class is thrice the lowest

mark minus 5. The highest score is 82. What is the lowest score?

Let the lowest score be x.

Highest score is three times lowest score minus 5

3x – 5

Also, Highest score is 82 i.e. 3x−5 = 82

∴ 3x = 82 + 5 (Transposing 5 to R.H.S.)

3x = 87

Dividing both sides by 3

3x = 87
3 3
∴ x = 29

So, the lowest score is 29.

(ii) In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are equal. The vertex angle is 60°. What are the base angles of

the triangle? (Remember, the sum of three angles of a triangle is 180°.)

Since the base angle of the Isosceles triangle be x.

Since base angles are equal therefore both are x.

If vertex angle is 60 and we know that sum of angles of a triangle is 180°.

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 ∴ Equation becomes base angle (1) + base angle (2) + Vertex angle = 180.

x + x + 60 = 180

2x + 60 = 180

Transposing 60 to R.H.S.

2x = 180 – 60

∴ 2x = 120

2x = 120 (Divide both sides by 2)

2 2
x = 60

∴ Base angle of the triangle is 60. Moreover, this triangle will be equilateral triangle.

(iii) Virat scored thrice as many runs as Rishabh. Together, their runs fell four runs short of a double century.

How many runs did each one score?

Let number of runs scored by Rishabh be x Virat scored thrice the runs scored by Rishabh = 3x

∴ Total runs scored by 2 players = x + 3x. Given total was 4 runs short of a double century which is

200 – 4.

4x = 200 – 4 (Transposing 4 to R.H.S.)

∴ 4x = 196

Divide both sides by 4.

4x = 196

4 4
∴ x = 49

Rishabh scored x = 49 runs

Virat Scored 3x = 147 runs

3. Solve the following:

(i) Kartik says that he has 5 chocolates more than four times the chocolates Anup has. Kartik has 57

chocolates. How many chocolates does Anup have?

Let Anup has x Chocolates, Kartik has 5 more than four times Anup has.

So, 4x + 5

Also, Kartik has 57 Chocolates

∴ 4x + 5 = 57

∴ 4x = 57 – 5 (Transposing 5 to R.H.S.)

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 ∴ 4x = 52

Divide both sides by 4

4x/4 = 52/4

∴ x = 13

So, Anup has 13 Chocolates

(ii) Viraj’s father is 52 years old. He is 2 years older than five times Viraj’s age. What is Viraj’s age?

Let Viraj be x years old

∴ 5 times his age = 5x

Viraj’s father is 2 years older than 5x.

He is 52 years old

Equation becomes 5x + 2 = 52

∴ 5x = 52 – 2 (Transposing 2 to R.H.S.)

∴ 5x = 50

Divide both sides by 5

5x = 50

5 5
∴ x = 10 years

∴ Viraj is 10 years old.

(iii) A farmer planted trees in his field. Some of the trees were fruit trees. The number of non-fruit trees were

three more than two times the number of fruit trees. What was the number of fruit trees planted if the

number of non-fruit trees planted was 45?

Let us assume number of fruit trees planted are x.

∴ 2 times total fruit tree = 2x

Number of non-fruit trees are 3 more than 2x

∴ 2x + 3 = 45

Transposing 3 to R.H.S.,

2x = 45 – 3

∴ 2x = 42

Divide both sides by 2.

2x = 42    ∴ x = 21    ∴ Total number of fruit trees planted are 21.

2 2
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 Miscellaneous Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks:

1. 2x + 25 = 15 has solution –5.

2. If 3x + 1 = 4 then value of 2x + 2 is 4 .

3. 6 is the solution of 6x + 9 = 45.

4. x–3= 5 ; when x = 4.
2
5. If x – 1 –1
= ,then x = 0 .
3 3
6. If 8 less than a number is 40, then the number is 48 .

B. State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. 3 is the solution of 2x + 5 = 11.  True

2. 3/7 is the solution of the equation 3x + 1 = 12.  False

3. One-fourth of a number added to itself gives 12, can be represented x + x = 12.  True
4
4. If 5x + 3 = 33, then x = 7.  False

C. Multiple-choice questions:

1. The solution of equation ax + b = 0 is  (c)

(a) a (b) –b (c) –b (d) b

b a 4
2. The equation which cannot be solved in integer is  (c)

(a) x + 3 = 5 (b) 2x – 1 = 5 (c) 4x + 9 = 12 (d) 3x + 2 = 17

3. If x – 1 = 3, then 2x + 9 is  (c)

(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18

4. Shifting one term from one side of an equation to another side with a change of sign is known as (b)

(a) Commutativity (b) transposition (c) distributivity (d) associativity

If x = 4, then value of 2x –5 is 
5. (a)
3
(a) 19 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 14

D. Set up an equation for each of the following statements:

1. Three times a number increased by 6 equals 12.

Let the number be x

So, 3 times the number = 3x

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 On adding 6 to it, we get 3x + 6

3x + 6 = 12 is the required equation.

2. One-fourth of a number is subtracted from 15 which gives 5 as a result.

Let the number be x.

one-fourth of the number is x

4
x is subtracted from 15, which gives 5
4
So, 15 – x = 5 is the required equation.
4
3. 8 times a number is 9 less than 12 times the same number.

Let the number be x

8 times the number is 8x

8x is 9 less than 12x

∴ 8x + 9 = 12x is the required equation or 4x = 9 is the required equation.

4. Subtracting 7 from q, the result is 4.

q – 7 =4

5. A number divided by 3 and increased by 7 is 13.

Let the number be x

x divided by 3 gives x
3
x increased by 7 gives 13
3
∴ x + 7 = 13
3
E. Solve the following:

1. A number which is 7 more than one-third of itself.

Let the number be x

one-third of the number is x

3
x is 7 more than x
3
∴ x +7=x
3
∴ 7 = x – x (Transposing x to R.H.S.)
3 3
∴ 7 = 2x
3
∴ 7 × 3 = 2x x 3 (Multiply both sides by 3)
3
∴ 21 = 2x

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 21 2x
= (Divide both sides by 2)
2 2
x = 21
2
2. A number exceeds the other number by 10. If their sum is 80, find the number.

Let the number be x

So, number exceeding it by 10 is x + 10

Now, their sum is equal to 80

x + x + 10 = 80

∴ 2x + 10 = 80

∴ 2x = 80 − 10 (Transposing 10 to R.H.S)

∴ 2x = 70

∴ 2x = 70 (Divide both sides by 2)

2 2
∴ x = 35

3. The age of Mohanlal is three times that of his son. If the difference of their ages is 32 years. Find the age of

his son.

Let age of Mohan lal’s son be x

So age of Mohan lal’s is 3x

Difference of their age is 32

∴ 3x − x = 32

∴ 2x = 32

Divide both sides by 2

2x = 32   ∴ x = 16
2 2
So, Age of Mohan lal’s son is 16 years.

4. After 18 years, Yash will be 4 times as old as he is now. Find his present age.

Let present age of Yash be x years

After 18 years his age will be x + 18

∴ x + 18 = 4x

∴ 18 = 4x − x (Transposing x to R.H.S)

∴ 18 = 3x

∴ 18 = 3x (Divide both sides by 3)

3 3
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 ∴x=6

So, Present age of Yash is 6 years.

5. A man travelled two-fifth of his journey by train, one-third by bus, one-fourth by car and the remaining 3 km

by foot. What is the total length of his journey?

Let total length of the journey of a man be x.

2 x+1 x+ 1 x+3=x

5 3 4

∴ 24x + 20x + 15x + 3 = x

60
∴ 59x +3=x
60
Transposing 59x to R.H.S.
60

∴ 3 = x − 59x

60

∴ 3 = 60x − 59 x
60
∴3= x
60
Multiply both sides by 60

3 × 60 = x × 60
60
∴ x = 180

So, Total length of the journey is 180 km.

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