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Eco Assignment

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19 views3 pages

Eco Assignment

Uploaded by

indu.r
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Calculate GDI for above mentioned question

2. Case Study
Case Study: Poverty in Rural India
In the state of Bihar, India, poverty remains a significant challenge, affecting millions of
households. Despite recent economic growth in urban areas, rural Bihar continues to struggle
with high levels of deprivation, characterized by inadequate access to basic necessities such as
clean water, sanitation, and healthcare. The agricultural sector, which employs the majority of the
population, faces challenges like erratic monsoons, poor soil quality, and limited access to
markets, leading to low agricultural productivity and income. Many families are trapped in a
cycle of debt, often relying on moneylenders who charge exorbitant interest rates. Government
initiatives, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA), aim to provide employment and improve rural infrastructure. However, issues
like corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies often hinder the effectiveness of these programs.
Local NGOs have stepped in to promote education and skill development, but the road to
alleviating poverty remains long and complex.
Questions
1. What are the primary causes of poverty in rural Bihar, and how do they interact with each
other?
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of government initiatives like MGNREGA in
addressing rural poverty?
3. In what ways can l NGOs contribute to sustainable development and poverty alleviation
in Bihar?
Case Study: Poverty Alleviation Programs in India

India has implemented various poverty alleviation programs to improve the living conditions of
its most vulnerable populations. One notable initiative is the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), launched in 2005. This landmark legislation
guarantees at least 100 days of unskilled wage employment per year to every rural household,
aiming to provide social security and improve rural infrastructure. MGNREGA not only
enhances income but empowers women, who often make up a significant portion of the
workforce in these projects.
Another important program is the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), which focuses on
providing affordable housing to the urban and rural poor. By facilitating access to housing loans
and constructing affordable homes, PMAY aims to improve living standards and give a sense of
security to low-income families.
The National Food Security Act (NFSA), enacted in 2013, also seeks to subsidize food grains to
approximately two-thirds of India’s population. This program aims to combat hunger and
malnutrition, addressing one of the fundamental issues the poor face.
Despite these initiatives, challenges remain, including bureaucratic inefficiencies, corruption, and
inadequate awareness among beneficiaries. However, these programs represent a significant
effort by the Indian government to tackle poverty and enhance the quality of life for millions of
citizens.
Questions
a. How do MGNREGA and PMAY complement each other in addressing poverty in rural
and urban areas?
b. What are the primary challenges faced in implementing poverty alleviation programs in
India?
c. In what ways can the effectiveness of these programs be evaluated and improved over
time?

4. Write a detailed note on any 8 poverty alleviation programs in India.


5. Calculate GDI.

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