Lesson 3

Gender (lf^g)

T here are two types of gender in Sinhala, namely p\r[S lf^g (masculine) and s`t&F lf^g
(feminine) genders which have influence over the declensions of nouns / pronouns and
adjectives and inflections of verbs associated with them. A list of widely used masculine
nouns with their feminine counterpart is given below:

p\r[S lf^g Masculine Gender s`t&F lf^g Feminine Gender

pfyA father mv mother

tAt`tA father amZmA mother

p\tA son d\v daughter
emAnrA peacock esbW peahen
ගවයා/හරකා ox / bull ELedn cow
/ෙග නා
aV~vyA horse evLM mare / filly
rj king bfsv queen
mht`myA gentleman enA`nA lady
s`vAmfyA master s`vAmfd\v mistress
p\r[SyA husband s`t&F wife
b{nA nephew, son-in law el`lf niece, daughter-
in-law
mAmA uncle n[n`dA aunt
sFyA grandfather aAcZcf grandmother
ayfyA elder brother ak~kA elder sister
ml~lF younger brother n^gF younger sister
k=k=LA cock kfkflF hen
k=k`kA puppy kFk`kF female puppy
bLlA tomcat b[LlF she-cat
st=rA enemy s[tfrF enemy
yhHEvA male friend eyehLF female friend
mhl`lA old man මැහැ / old woman

මැහැ ල
mhNA monk emehNF nun
vs`sA calf v[s~sF heifer
p\r[S lf^g Masculine Gender s`t&F lf^g Feminine Gender

mk=NA bug m[kfNF female bug

k=r[l`lA bird, cock kfrfl`lF chick, hen-bird
uUrA pig IrF sow
bm\NA Brahman b[mfNF Wife of a Brahman
bl~lA dog b[l`lF / bitch
b[l~l
ekAl~lA boy ekl~l girl
ekArA lame man ekr lame woman
gfrvA parrot gfrvF female parrot
tArAvA drake tArAvF duck
mft=rA male friend mft=rF female friend
k=mrA prince k=mrF princess
a[Hd\rA teacher (exorcist) a[Hd\rF lady teacher
bfhfrA deaf man bfhfrF deaf woman
eveLn`dA vendor eveLn`dF lady vendor
sehA`dryA brother sehA`drF sister
v[qkAryA servant v[qkArF maidservant
tr[NyA lad tr[NF damsel
g=r[vryA teacher g=r[vrF lady teacher
ayftfkAryA proprietor ayftfkArF proprietress
mnmAlyA bridegroom mnmAlF bride
m\vA stag m\vedn hind
EHEvA billy-goat EHEedn nanny-goat
sBAptf chairman sBAptfnfy chairwoman
egAvfyA farmer egvflfy lady farmer
m[tft=mA sir m[tfnfy madam
bAlyA boy bAlfkAv girl
gAykyA singer gAyfkAv female singer
VfSYyA pupil (male) VfSYAv pupil (female)
sf^hyA lion sf^hedn lioness
b|r[vA jackass b|r[edn jennet (jenny ass)
b[exHEvA ram (male sheep) b[exHEedn ewe (female sheep)
a[tA elephant a[tfn`n she-elephant
vlsA bear v[lhfn`n she-bear
nyA cobra n[yfnf female cobra
p\r[S lf^g Masculine Gender s`t&F lf^g Feminine Gender

d\vn`nA male racer d\vn`nF female racer

ekAxfyA tiger ekAxfedn tigress
h^syA swan h^seDn\v pen (female swan)
mfv\vA /mFmA bison buffalo mFedn buffalo cow
g=r[LA Garuda g=r[HEemenvf female Garuda
esArA thief esr lady thief
mAt+l maternal uncle නැ දා / මා ලා maternal aunt
ms`sfnA brother-in-law, cousin n{nA sister-in-law
m\t`tA/ sFyA grandfather aAt`tA grandmother
aAcArF teacher, Doctor of aAcArFNf lady teacher
Philosophy
ur[mk`kAryA heir ur[mk`kArF heiress
knv[n~d\mA widower knv[n`d\mF widow
kx\s`sA lizard kx\s`sF female lizard
kAk`kA crow kAk`kF female crow
emA`way fool emA`qF foolish woman
m[wfyA frog m[wfn`nF female frog
kfM\LA crocodile kfM\LF female crocodile
ekv\LA fisherman ekv\LF fisherwoman
ekAmlA young boy ekmlF young girl
egAHEvA dumb man egAHEvF / dumb woman
egLF
ykA demon ykfn`nF she-demon
jnyA man jnF woman
dAs servant dAsF female servant
nr man nArF woman
nL dancer nfLf female dancer
eyAvnyA adolescent man eyAvnF adolescent
woman
 Lesson 4
Antonyms ( ධා ථ පද)

පද Word ධා ථ පද Opposite Word

yhpt~ good ayhpt~ bad
vAsfy advantage avAsfy disadvantage
pk~SpAt loyal apk~SpAt disloyal
p&sn~n pleased ap&sn`n displeased
k[m[tf keen ak[m[tf reluctant
vfV`vAsy belief avfV`vAsy disbelief
kFkr[ obedient akFkr[ disobedient
nfym proper anfym improper
vfnFt disciplined /polite avfnFt undisciplined / impolite
phs\ convenient aphs\ inconvenient
p&mAN finite ap&mAN infinite
y\k`tfy justice ay\k`tfy injustice
dk`S skilful adk`S unskilful
snFp healthy asnFp unhealthy
Qnvn`t wise aQnvn`t unwise
k&mfk regular ak&mfk irregular
p&sfd~D famous ap&sfd~D obscure
p&ANfk animate ap&ANfk inanimate
ස්vBAvfk natural aස්vBAvfk unnatural
phs\ easy aphs\ hard
sr[ fruitful nfsr[ fruitless
ml dirty nfml clean
පද Word ධා ථ පද Opposite Word
v[!df guilty nfv[!df innocent
rs taste nfrs distaste
By danger, fear භය fearless
VbZd noisy nfV`VbZd silent
g=N virtue nf g=N vice
s\d\s\ suitable n\s\d\s\ unsuitable
g[L[epn fit enAg[L[epn unfit
g[M\r[ deep enAg[M\r[ shallow
st=x\ happy, content enAst=x\ unhappy, unsatisfied
v[dgt` significant enAv[dgt` insignificant
v\vmnA necessary enAv\vmnA unnecessary
h[kf able enAh[kf unable
dn`nA known enAdn`nA unknown
vxfnA valuable enAvxfnA valueless
nfV`cft definite anfV~cft indefinite
certain avfnfV~cft uncertain
lk`SN beautiful avlk`SN ugly
aAerA`hNy ascent averA`hNy descent
jy victory prAjy defeat
pLm\vn first avsAn last
p\rAN ancient nvFn modern
udy morning hvs evening
dvl~ day @ night
vm left dk+N right
n[egnhfr East bxhfr West
dfg long ekAx short
පද Word ධා ථ පද Opposite Word
us tall mfxf short
elAk= big k=wA small
tr fat hFnf thin
tr[N young mhl\ old
al\t~ new prN old
s\d\ white kHP black
aHd\r darkness aAelA`ky light
Vk`tfmt` strong d\r`vl weak
aAt`mA TkAmf selfish prA TkAmf unselfish
gfhf secular p[vfdf ascetic
aAdry love every hate
mRd\ soft rP rough
emAelAk~ soft td hard
 Lesson 5

Counting (gNn` kfrFm)

1 Ek 
2 edk 
3 t=n 
4 htr 
5 ph, ps 
6 hy, sy 
7 ht, st 
8 ax 
9 nvy 
10 dhy, dsy 
0 – bfn`d\v
11 EekALh 21 vfsf Ek 31 tfs` Ek
12 edALh, edAeLAs 22 vfsf edk 32 tfs` edk
13 dht=n 23 vfsf t=n 33 tfs` t=n
14 dhhtr 24 vfsf htr 34 tfs` htr
15 pheLAh, pseLAs 25 vfsf ph 35 tfs` ph
16 dhsy 26 vfsf hy 36 tfs` hy
17 dhht 27 vfsf ht 37 tfs` ht
18 dhax 28 vfsf ax 38 tfs` ax
19 dhnvy 29 vfsf nvy 39 tfs` nvy
20 vfs`s 30 tfh, tfs 40 htlfh
41 htlfs` Ek 51 pns` Ek 61 h[x Ek
42 htlfs` edk 52 pns` edk 62 h[x edk
43 htlfs` t=n 53 pns` t=n 63 h[x t=n
44 htlfs` htr 54 pns` htr 64 h[x htr
45 htlfs` ph 55 pns` ph 65 h[x ph
46 htlfs` hy 56 pns` hy 66 h[x hy
47 htlfs` ht 57 pns` ht 67 h[x ht
48 htlfs` ax 58 pns` ax 68 h[x ax
49 htlfs` nvy 59 pns` nvy 69 h[x nvy
50 pnh 60 h[x 70 h[t`t{v

71 h[t`t{ Ek 81 as| Ek 91 an| Ek

72 h[t`t{ edk 82 as| edk 92 an| edk
73 h[t`t{ t=n 83 as| t=n 93 an| t=n
74 h[t`t{ htr 84 as| htr 94 an| htr
75 h[t`t{ ph 85 as| ph 95 an| ph
76 h[t`t{ hy 86 as| hy 96 an| hy
77 h[t`t{ ht 87 as| ht 97 an| ht
78 h[t`t{ ax 88 as| ax 98 an| ax
79 h[t`t{ nvy 89 as| nvy 99 an| nvy
80 as|v 90 an|v 100 sfyy
(101 – Ek sfy Ek, and so on...., for 400 - hAr sfy instead of htr sfy)
100 ය (එක ය) 11,000 එෙක ෙළ ස්දාහ
200 ෙද ය 12,000 ෙද ෙළ ස්දාහ
300 ය 13,000 දහ දාහ
400 හාර ය 14,000 දහහතර දාහ
500 ප ය 15,000 පහෙළ ස්දාහ
600 හය ය 16,000 දහසයදාහ
700 හ ය 17,000 දහහ දාහ
800 අට ය 18,000 දහඅටදාහ
900 නව ය (නම ය) 19,000 දහනවදාහ (දහනමදාහ)
1,000 දාහ (එකදාහ) 20,000 දාහ
2,000 ෙදදාහ 30,000 ස්දාහ
3,000 දාහ 40,000 හත ස්දාහ
4,000 හාරදාහ 50,000 පනස්දාහ
5,000 ප දාහ 60,000 හැටදාහ
6,000 හයදාහ 70,000 හැ තදාහ
7,000 හ දාහ 80,000 අ දාහ
8,000 අටදාහ 90,000 අ දාහ
9,000 නවදාහ (නමදාහ) 100,000 ල ය
10,000 දහදාහ 1,000,000 දසල ය