Bdi Test Report

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BDI- II TEST REPORT

TITLE OF THE TEST

Beck’s Depression Inventory II

PURPOSE OF THE TEST

The purpose of the Beck’s Depression Inventory II is to measure severity of depression in adults.

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS

a) Name (only initials):

b) Age:

c) Gender:

d) Marital Status:

e) Educational Background: (If currently a student, then currently what are they pursuing; if

older than the highest qualification must be mentioned)

f) Occupation:

g) Date of assessment

CASE HISTORY (Paragraph form- write each subheading in separate paragraphs)

A) Chief Complaints (in pointers and then onset below)

B) Family History

Draw a family genogram

(Family structure- Joint/ Nuclear; Ordinal position; Mother’s occupation, Father’s

occupation, Number of siblings, relationship with every member)

C) Medical history- if serious concerns/ disorders


D) Previous history of test conduction (mention if the participant has answered any

psychological tests)

INTRODUCTION

According to American Psychological Association, depression is a negative affective state that

ranges from unhappiness and discontent to an extreme feeling of sadness, pessimism, and

despondency, that interferes with daily life. Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder, i.e. a

disturbance in mood and affective state, that is characterized by depressive episodes.

Developed by Beck, Steer, and Brown the present depression inventory is the second revision of

Beck’s Depression Inventory, which aims at offering an indication of severity of depression in

adults.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST

Author:

Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, and Gregory K. Brown

What does it measure?

The Beck’s Depression Inventory II is a severity indicator that sheds light on severity of

depression. However, the inventory is not a diagnostic tool.

Structure:

The inventory includes 21 groups of statements that are divided into the following four domains:

1. Cognitive: This domain includes items that represent and assess the amount of negative

self-perceptions as well as negative perceptions of the world, past, present, and future.

Individuals who are observed to make negative inferences about themselves or the future

may be even more prone to develop depression in the face of unfavorable life experiences,

according to cognitive models. As a result, this BDI-II cognitive domain assesses the

intensity of the examinee's negative beliefs and self-schema.


2. Affective: This domain includes elements that reflect and evaluate the degree of

discomfort, severe mood swings, and conflicting emotional or mood reactions to the

stimuli. It also covers the examinee's emotional awareness and progress, as well as the

way he or she interacts with things emotionally.

3. Somatic: This domain includes items that represent and assess the extent of physiological

changes, with an emphasis on non-painful or painful physical symptoms and conditions.

Its purpose is to assess how severe the examinee's overwhelming thoughts, feelings, and

behavior are in relation to physiological symptoms and states.

4. Vegetative: This domain includes elements that reflect and evaluate the degree of

disruptions in an individual's life-sustaining processes. The term "vegetative functions"

refers to metabolic, nutritional, and endocrine operations.

Reliability and Validity:

On administering the BDI-II to a sample of 500 outpatients from clinics located in sub urban and

urban areas, as well as a sample of 120 college going students, Beck found out that the coefficient

alpha of the BDI-II for the outpatients was 0.92, and for the college students, 0.93. These co-

efficient were to be higher than those for the BDI-IA. In the meta-analysis of nine psychiatric

samples, Beck found that the BDI-IA had a mean coefficient alpha of 0.86.

The BDI-II builds on 35 years of accumulated psychometric data and clinical experience with the

BDI and BDI-IA. Initial information about the psychometric characteristics of the BDI-II have

been collected from 500 psychiatric outpatients.

Scoring & Interpretation:


To score the inventory, the ratings for all the 21 items are to be added. The highest possible score

on the test is 63 while the lowest possible score is 0. The obtained scores are interpreted as per

the following table:

Total score Range

0-10 These ups and downs in mood are considered normal

11-16 Mild mood disturbance

17-20 Borderline clinical depression

21-30 Moderate depression

31-40 Severe depression

Scores above 40 Extreme depression

ADMINISTRATION OF THE TEST

Material Required:

A pen or a pencil to mark the answers.

A printout of the EPI test.

Procedure:

The administrator arranged the table and called the participant in the laboratory. Rapport was

established. The participant’s demographic details and case history were noted. After ensuring

that the participant was ready to answer the test, the following instructions were read from the

questionnaire:

“Write instructions from the test sheet”


While the participant answered the questions, the administrator noted relevant observations. After

the participant answered all the questions on the scale, the participant was asked some

retrospective questions. The participant was then debriefed and escorted out of the laboratory.

Ethical Considerations:

Before testing, the participant was given a brief explanation of testing and its purpose. The

participant was informed that answering the test was voluntary and they had the freedom to

decline. The participants were assured that their privacy and confidentiality would be maintained.

The administrator ensured the participant was not exposed to the test's material before it began.

Post-conduction, the administrator debriefed the participant at length about the purpose of the test

and the test taker’s scores in understandable language while avoiding jargon.

OBSERVATIONS:

RETROSPECTIVE REPORT

INTERPRETATION OF SCORES

Sr. no Domain Item Number Score

1 Cognitive 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14

2 Affective 1, 4, 10, 11, 12 ,13

3 Somatic 15, 19, 20

4 Vegetative 16, 18, 21

Total
(Results in table format followed by interpretation in paragraphs elaborating on each area with

the help of description in PPT)

CONCLUSION

Interpretation category of the participant.

REFERENCES

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression

Inventories-IA and-II in Psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(3), 588–

597. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13

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