Selenium Multiple Select and Matching Questions

Chapter 1 - Basics
Q1. Which of the following statements are true regarding Selenium WebDriver?

A. Selenium WebDriver directly interacts with browsers without requiring a server.

B. It supports both record-and-replay functionality and JavaScript injection.
C. Selenium WebDriver allows for the execution of scripts across multiple browsers.
D. It can handle pop-up windows and alerts through dedicated methods.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Selenium WebDriver interacts directly with browsers, supports multi-browser execution, and has methods to handle pop-ups, while record-and-replay functionality was only in Selenium IDE.

Q2. When is Selenium Grid most useful in an enterprise project setting?

A. When a team needs to verify compatibility across multiple browsers in parallel.

B. For projects that require frequent performance testing.
C. For simulating different geographic locations of users.
D. To enable manual testing in a distributed environment.
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: Selenium Grid is ideal for parallel testing across different browsers and geographic simulations, helping ensure a web application works across various setups.

Q3. Which of the following limitations are commonly associated with Selenium for automation testing?

A. It cannot test desktop applications.

B. Requires a programming background for complex test cases.
C. It supports limited options for mobile testing.
D. It can’t perform effective regression testing in enterprise settings.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Selenium is focused on web applications and requires coding for complex cases. It has limited native mobile testing capabilities, though mobile frameworks like Appium are used to extend its capabilities.

Q4. A project manager is discussing an e-commerce project with stakeholders. They emphasize the need to conduct rigorous regression
testing. Which Selenium components or tools would be most appropriate in this case?

A. Selenium WebDriver for automation.

B. Selenium IDE for quick record-and-replay functionality.
C. Selenium RC for compatibility with legacy browsers.
D. Selenium Grid for distributed and parallel testing.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: WebDriver allows for thorough automation, Grid supports large-scale, distributed testing, and IDE can quickly set up small, repetitive tests, which is useful for initial regression checks.

Q5. A QA team is considering using Selenium for performance testing. Which of the following are important considerations?

A. Selenium isn’t primarily built for performance testing.

B. Browser-specific performance metrics can be accurately measured with Selenium.
C. Selenium can simulate multiple users to mimic load.
D. It’s best to integrate Selenium with other tools like JMeter or LoadRunner for performance testing.
Correct Answers: A and D
Explanation: Selenium isn’t designed for performance testing, and metrics like load times can be skewed. Tools like JMeter are more suited for load and performance metrics.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the Selenium Component to its Key Feature

Component Key Feature

Selenium IDE 1. Record-and-replay
Selenium WebDriver 2. Direct browser interaction
Selenium Grid 3. Distributed testing
Selenium RC 4. Deprecated

Answer:
Selenium IDE - 1
Selenium WebDriver - 2
Selenium Grid - 3
Selenium RC - 4

Q2. Match the Testing Type with its Relevance to Selenium

Testing Type Relevance to Selenium

Functional Testing 1. Supported directly
Performance Testing 2. Not directly supported
Cross-Browser Testing 3. Uses WebDriver and Grid
Mobile Application Testing 4. Requires external integration

Answer:
Functional Testing - 1
Performance Testing - 2
Cross-Browser Testing - 3
 Mobile Application Testing - 4

Here’s a more in-depth series of questions to cover tricky options and commonly misunderstood concepts. These questions target the most likely areas for confusion, giving you a strong grasp of the essentials needed for
your exam.

Multiple-Selection Questions
Q1. When configuring Selenium Grid for a cross-platform e-commerce application, which of the following configurations should you
consider to ensure optimal test coverage?

A. Multiple nodes across different operating systems and browsers.

B. Prioritizing browser compatibility tests only on the latest browser versions.
C. Connecting each node directly to Selenium IDE.
D. Using a hub to manage distributed nodes for executing tests in parallel.
Correct Answers: A and D
Explanation: Grid should include nodes with multiple OS and browser setups, and using a hub to manage nodes optimizes parallel testing. Selenium IDE is incompatible with Grid, and testing on only the latest
versions limits real-world coverage.

Q2. In the Selenium WebDriver framework, which of the following methods can be used to wait for an element to be clickable?

A. WebDriverWait combined with ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable

B. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait()
C. Thread.sleep()
D. driver.findElement(By.clickable())
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions is recommended for waiting until an element is clickable. Although not best practice, Thread.sleep() works for waiting, while implicitlyWait() isn’t suitable for
condition-based waits, and By.clickable() doesn’t exist.

Q3. Which Selenium WebDriver capabilities should be utilized to handle dynamic web elements that change frequently across sessions in
an enterprise application?

A. Using absolute XPaths for locating elements.

B. Leveraging CSS selectors or custom attributes that are less likely to change.
C. Implementing FluentWait to handle dynamic elements.
D. Calling driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) to disable implicit waits.
Correct Answers: B and C
Explanation: CSS selectors and custom attributes offer more stability than absolute XPaths, and FluentWait is more reliable for handling dynamic content. Disabling implicit waits is unnecessary for handling dynamic
elements.

Q4. Which limitations are common when using Selenium for automation in enterprise applications with complex user interfaces?

A. Selenium may struggle with elements in iframes and dynamic loading components.
B. Selenium supports direct testing of desktop applications without any extensions.
C. Selenium may face issues with non-browser-based pop-ups and alerts.
D. Selenium WebDriver can’t automate functionalities dependent on hardware components.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Selenium can’t handle non-browser-based pop-ups directly and may struggle with hardware-dependent functionalities. Desktop applications are out of scope without third-party tools like WinAppDriver.

Q5. Which of the following accurately describes a recommended practice for using Selenium WebDriver in regression testing?

A. Regression tests should include every possible test case.

B. Focus on prioritizing test cases that cover modified code paths.
C. Set up Selenium tests only for new features, excluding older functionality.
D. Selenium scripts should focus on stable features unlikely to change frequently.
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Focusing regression tests on modified code and stable functionality ensures relevance. Testing every possible case is inefficient, while only covering new features risks missed regressions in older parts
of the app.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the Selenium Feature with Its Primary Purpose

Selenium Feature Purpose

WebDriverWait 1. Explicit wait for specific conditions
RemoteWebDriver 2. Runs tests on a remote machine
Actions Class 3. Handles complex actions (e.g., drag & drop)
FluentWait 4. Customizable wait with polling intervals

Answer:
WebDriverWait - 1
RemoteWebDriver - 2
Actions Class - 3
FluentWait - 4

Q2. Match the Testing Type to the Most Suitable Selenium Tool
 Testing Type Suitable Selenium Tool
Cross-Browser Testing 1. Selenium Grid
Data-Driven Testing 2. WebDriver with external data sources
Exploratory Testing 3. Selenium IDE
Compatibility Testing 4. Combination of WebDriver and Grid

Answer:
Cross-Browser Testing - 1
Data-Driven Testing - 2
Exploratory Testing - 3
Compatibility Testing - 4

Q3. Match the Situation with the Most Appropriate Selenium Component

Situation Selenium Component

Recording quick test scenarios 1. Selenium IDE
Running tests across various OS 2. Selenium Grid
Managing legacy browser compatibility 3. Selenium RC
Writing complex browser interactions 4. Selenium WebDriver

Answer:
Recording quick test scenarios - 1
Running tests across various OS - 2
Managing legacy browser compatibility - 3
Writing complex browser interactions - 4

Q4. Match the Description with the Automation Limitation in Selenium

Automation Limitation Description

Limited desktop application testing 1. Selenium only supports web applications
Limited support for handling file uploads 2. Often requires third-party tools
Difficulty in testing mobile interfaces 3. Appium is commonly used as a workaround
Challenges with dynamic element identification 4. Relies on strategies like FluentWait

Answer:
Limited desktop application testing - 1
Limited support for handling file uploads - 2
Difficulty in testing mobile interfaces - 3
Challenges with dynamic element identification - 4

Scenario-Based Questions

Q1. A lead developer suggests using Selenium for both automation and performance testing to save time on an e-commerce project. As
the QA specialist, what points should you bring up? (Choose all that apply)

A. Selenium is suitable for performance testing on browser load time.

B. Selenium can capture time-to-load metrics, but it is not a dedicated performance testing tool.
C. It’s best to integrate Selenium with a tool like JMeter for reliable performance results.
D. Selenium offers minimal support for concurrent user load simulations.
Correct Answers: B, C, and D
Explanation: While Selenium can capture load times, it’s not designed for performance testing. Integration with JMeter or LoadRunner is recommended for accurate performance results.

Q2. During a project planning session, a manager wants to avoid writing new test scripts by reusing scripts from Selenium IDE directly in
WebDriver for regression testing. What challenges might this present? (Choose all that apply)

A. Selenium IDE scripts may not run reliably in WebDriver.

B. Selenium IDE only works with Firefox, while WebDriver supports multiple browsers.
C. Selenium IDE lacks compatibility with WebDriver’s explicit waits and dynamic element handling.
D. Scripts created in Selenium IDE can easily be exported and reused in WebDriver without issues.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Selenium IDE scripts are limited to Firefox and lack the robustness of WebDriver scripts, especially with handling dynamic waits and interactions.

Here’s a thorough set of questions covering the remaining essential 50% of Selenium concepts. These focus on nuances and real-world situations to ensure your understanding of the broad functionality of Selenium and
how it applies to enterprise automation challenges.

Multiple-Selection Questions
Q1. A team is preparing to implement Selenium for automated regression testing in a healthcare application. What are important
considerations in this context?

A. Ensuring Selenium scripts are compliant with regulatory standards (e.g., HIPAA).
B. Using Selenium for accessibility testing to ensure ADA compliance.
C. Creating modular test scripts to quickly update changing UI elements.
 D. Using WebDriver for data-driven testing, ensuring test coverage across various data scenarios.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Regulatory compliance and modular scripts are critical in healthcare applications, and data-driven testing ensures a wide range of scenarios. Accessibility testing requires specialized tools beyond
Selenium.

Q2. Which practices should be avoided when using Selenium to prevent flaky tests in a financial application?

A. Using hardcoded delays such as Thread.sleep() .

B. Relying on absolute XPaths for element location.
C. Incorporating FluentWait to manage dynamic web elements.
D. Using Page Object Model (POM) to organize test scripts.
Correct Answers: A and B
Explanation: Hardcoded delays and absolute XPaths increase flakiness, while FluentWait and POM are best practices to improve test reliability.

Q3. Which of the following statements about Selenium WebDriver are accurate in the context of enterprise-level test automation?

A. Selenium WebDriver provides built-in capabilities for reporting test results.

B. Integrating Selenium with reporting tools like TestNG or ExtentReports enhances reporting.
C. Selenium WebDriver can simulate user actions across different devices through device emulation.
D. Selenium supports testing both web and desktop applications natively.
Correct Answers: B and C
Explanation: WebDriver lacks built-in reporting, so integration with tools is needed. WebDriver supports device emulation but not desktop applications without third-party tools.

Q4. Which scenarios benefit the most from integrating Selenium with CI/CD tools like Jenkins?

A. Automated testing in every build for faster feedback in agile environments.

B. Performance testing to measure application response under high loads.
C. Regression testing after each new feature release to ensure old functionality works.
D. Integration testing to confirm different components interact as expected.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: CI/CD integrations support continuous testing (builds, regression, integration testing), but Selenium isn’t ideal for performance testing.

Q5. In which situations would it be essential to use Actions in Selenium WebDriver?

A. To hover over elements for revealing hidden menus.

B. For automating file uploads directly from the system dialog.
C. To perform drag-and-drop actions.
D. To double-click elements to activate special functionalities.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Actions is used for advanced interactions like hovering, dragging, and double-clicking. File uploads typically require JavaScriptExecutor or workarounds, not Actions.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the Testing Strategy to Its Selenium Solution

Testing Strategy Selenium Solution

Regression Testing 1. Selenium WebDriver + TestNG
Parallel Testing 2. Selenium Grid
Performance Monitoring 3. Integration with JMeter or LoadRunner
Exploratory Testing 4. Selenium IDE

Answer:
Regression Testing - 1
Parallel Testing - 2
Performance Monitoring - 3
Exploratory Testing - 4

Q2. Match the Selenium Tool to Its Purpose in Test Automation

Selenium Tool Purpose

WebDriver 1. Automation of complex browser interactions
Grid 2. Distributed execution of test cases
IDE 3. Quick recording of tests for beginners
RC (deprecated) 4. Legacy support for JavaScript injection

Answer:
WebDriver - 1
Grid - 2
IDE - 3
RC - 4

Q3. Match the Automation Challenge with Its Solution

Automation Challenge Solution

Dynamic Content Loading 1. WebDriverWait or FluentWait
Cross-Browser Compatibility 2. Selenium Grid
Data-Driven Testing 3. Integrating with TestNG or JUnit
Capturing Browser Console Errors 4. JavaScriptExecutor with WebDriver Logs
 Answer:
Dynamic Content Loading - 1
Cross-Browser Compatibility - 2
Data-Driven Testing - 3
Capturing Browser Console Errors - 4

Scenario-Based Questions
Q1. A client expresses concerns about the stability of tests in an automation suite. They’ve observed that many tests fail inconsistently
due to timing issues in an enterprise application. As the lead QA, which steps could you take to address this?

A. Convert Thread.sleep() statements to FluentWait or WebDriverWait for condition-based waiting.

B. Switch all element locators to absolute XPaths for improved accuracy.
C. Use driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); as a global solution for all waits.
D. Implement Page Object Model (POM) to improve code modularity and maintainability.
Correct Answers: A and D
Explanation: Replacing Thread.sleep() with explicit waits and using POM improves stability. Absolute XPaths are prone to breaking, and global implicit waits can cause performance issues.

Q2. During a project kickoff meeting, the project manager suggests using Selenium WebDriver for the full scope of testing, including
mobile, desktop, and database tests. As the automation expert, which limitations should you highlight?

A. Selenium WebDriver doesn’t natively support mobile testing.

B. Selenium WebDriver isn’t capable of interacting with desktop applications.
C. Database testing isn’t feasible directly through Selenium WebDriver.
D. Selenium WebDriver is well-suited for non-web elements in the application.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Selenium WebDriver is web-focused, so it needs additional frameworks like Appium for mobile testing and doesn’t handle desktop or database interactions directly.

Q3. During testing, a developer suggests handling page load waits by simply increasing the implicit wait time globally. How should you
respond, considering best practices?

A. Agree, as increasing implicit waits can improve stability in all tests.

B. Suggest using explicit waits for specific actions and loading conditions.
C. Recommend using a combination of FluentWait and WebDriverWait instead of relying only on implicit waits.
D. Use Thread.sleep() for added stability across tests.
Correct Answers: B and C
Explanation: Relying on explicit and FluentWait is best practice. Increasing implicit waits isn’t a reliable solution, and Thread.sleep() is discouraged due to its impact on performance.

Q4. A QA team lead is proposing a test strategy for a retail web application that heavily relies on real-time user interactions. Which of
the following approaches should be integrated into the automation plan?

A. Use the Page Object Model for better code structure and maintainability.
B. Set up Selenium Grid to ensure cross-browser testing with varying resolutions.
C. Rely only on record-and-replay functionality of Selenium IDE for faster test creation.
D. Implement headless browser testing for faster execution in CI/CD.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: POM and cross-browser testing on Grid add robustness and coverage. Headless browsers speed up CI/CD. Solely relying on Selenium IDE is insufficient for comprehensive testing in dynamic
applications.

Chapter 2. WebDriver Architecture and Commands

Q1. When using the WebDriver Interface, which of the following methods are helpful in ensuring an efficient test flow?

A. navigate().refresh() to reload the current page.

B. quit() to close only the current window.
C. close() to end the WebDriver session entirely.
D. getTitle() to retrieve the current page’s title.
Correct Answers: A and D
Explanation: navigate().refresh() reloads the page, and getTitle() retrieves the page title. quit() closes all associated browser windows, whereas close() only closes the current window.

Q2. In a test for a web application with multiple windows, which WebDriver methods are essential to manage window switching?

A. switchTo().window(String windowName)
B. navigate().to(String URL)
C. getWindowHandles() to get all open windows.
D. findElement(By.windowName)
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: switchTo().window() switches between windows, and getWindowHandles() helps retrieve handles for all open windows. navigate().to() opens a URL but doesn’t switch windows, and
findElement(By.windowName) is not a valid syntax.

Q3. Which of the following statements about handling browser elements with WebDriver are accurate?

A. getText() extracts the visible text from an element.

B. sendKeys() can simulate pressing special keys like Enter.
C. isDisplayed() verifies if an element is interactable on the page.
D. clear() removes text from input fields.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: getText() , sendKeys() , and clear() serve these purposes as expected. isDisplayed() only checks for element visibility, not interactability (for which isEnabled() is used).
Q4. Which WebDriver locator strategies would be ideal for locating dynamic elements on a webpage?

A. Absolute XPath
B. CSS Selectors based on dynamic attributes
C. Relative XPath with partial match conditions
D. Tag Name locator for unique tag elements
Correct Answers: B and C
Explanation: CSS Selectors with dynamic attributes and relative XPath help target changing elements more reliably than absolute XPaths. The Tag Name locator is useful but not for dynamic elements.

Q5. When managing waits in a WebDriver script, which practices help reduce flakiness and improve efficiency?

A. Use only Implicit Waits set once at the beginning of the script.
B. Combine Explicit Waits for specific elements with shorter Implicit Waits.
C. Set very high Implicit Wait times to avoid missing element loads.
D. Use FluentWait to handle elements that appear at unpredictable times.
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Combining Explicit Waits with shorter Implicit Waits is efficient, while FluentWait is ideal for handling dynamically appearing elements. Excessive Implicit Wait times can slow tests unnecessarily.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the WebDriver Method to Its Purpose

WebDriver Method Purpose

get() 1. Open a specified URL
navigate().back() 2. Go back to the previous page
quit() 3. Close all browser windows
switchTo().alert() 4. Handle browser pop-up alerts
close() 5. Close the current window

Answer:
get() - 1
navigate().back() - 2
quit() - 3
switchTo().alert() - 4
close() - 5

Q2. Match the WebElement Method with Its Use Case

WebElement Method Use Case

click() 1. Click an element
sendKeys() 2. Enter text into an input field
getAttribute() 3. Retrieve the value of an attribute
isSelected() 4. Check if a checkbox or radio is chosen
isEnabled() 5. Verify if the element is interactable

Answer:
click() - 1
sendKeys() - 2
getAttribute() - 3
isSelected() - 4
isEnabled() - 5

Q3. Match the Selenium Wait Type with Its Application

Wait Type Application

Implicit Wait 1. Set a basic wait time for all elements
Explicit Wait 2. Wait for a specific element until a condition
Fluent Wait 3. Manage custom conditions with polling interval

Answer:
Implicit Wait - 1
Explicit Wait - 2
Fluent Wait - 3

Scenario-Based Questions
Q1. You’re automating a retail application with multiple pop-ups and dynamic banners. Which of the following strategies will ensure your
tests run smoothly?

A. Implement Explicit Waits for banners or pop-ups to become interactable.

B. Rely solely on Implicit Waits to manage all pop-ups and dynamic content.
C. Use switchTo().alert() for any pop-ups that appear during testing.
D. Apply FluentWait for the banners that appear at irregular intervals.
Correct Answers: A and D
 Explanation: Explicit Waits handle specific interactions, and FluentWait manages irregular appearances. Implicit Waits alone are insufficient for dynamic content, and switchTo().alert() works only for JavaScript
alerts.

Q2. A web application you’re testing uses frames extensively, requiring interaction within specific frames on the page. How would you
handle frame-based testing in Selenium WebDriver?

A. Use switchTo().frame() with the frame index or name.

B. Apply switchTo().parentFrame() to exit a frame.
C. Use only XPath locators for frame elements to improve accuracy.
D. switchTo().defaultContent() to exit all frames and return to the main content.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Switching to frames with frame() , exiting with parentFrame() , and resetting to defaultContent() cover frame navigation. XPath locators are helpful but not required.

Q3. Your team is building a test suite for an enterprise e-commerce website with a heavily customized UI. They need flexibility to handle
elements with changing attributes, styles, and responsiveness. Which WebDriver features should you recommend?

A. Use CSS Selectors and Relative XPaths for element targeting.

B. Apply the Page Object Model to modularize the codebase.
C. Rely entirely on Implicit Waits to manage dynamically loading elements.
D. Implement Explicit Waits for dynamic or interactive components.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: CSS Selectors and Relative XPaths support changing elements, and POM keeps the code modular. Explicit Waits provide better control for dynamically loading elements, while Implicit Waits alone may
be insufficient.

Q4. A client requests you test an application for compatibility across various browsers (Chrome, Firefox, and Edge). They also expect you
to handle alerts, frames, and window switching in the test flow. What should you consider?

A. Use browser-specific drivers like ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, and EdgeDriver.

B. Include handling for JavaScript alerts with switchTo().alert() .
C. Implement Implicit Wait for all navigation between windows.
D. Switch frames using switchTo().frame() where applicable.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Using browser-specific drivers is essential, while alert handling and frame switching are required for multi-browser compatibility. Implicit Waits are less suited for window and frame management.

Q1. When using WebDriver’s Explicit Wait, which of the following conditions are effective for elements that load dynamically?

A. elementToBeClickable(By locator)
B. presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy(By locator)
C. textToBePresentInElementValue(By locator, String text)
D. alertIsPresent()
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: elementToBeClickable and presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy are commonly used for dynamic content, and alertIsPresent handles dynamically appearing alerts. textToBePresentInElementValue is
specific to input fields rather than general dynamic elements.

Q2. If you encounter a stale element exception, which approaches help prevent this issue in Selenium?

A. Implement refresh() on the page before interacting.

B. Re-find the element after page reload or significant change.
C. Use switchTo().defaultContent() to reset frame context.
D. Implement Explicit Waits targeting the element’s presence or visibility.
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Re-finding elements and using Explicit Waits are effective for handling stale elements, which occur when the DOM updates. refresh() might help but isn’t a direct solution, and
switchTo().defaultContent() is only for frame management.

Q3. Which of the following WebDriver commands are beneficial for interacting with forms and form validation testing?

A. submit() to trigger form submission.

B. sendKeys() to enter data into input fields.
C. getCssValue(String propertyName) to verify style attributes.
D. isSelected() to verify if a checkbox or radio option is chosen.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
Explanation: All four methods are useful for interacting with forms: submit() for submission, sendKeys() for entering data, getCssValue() for checking visual validation, and isSelected() for form elements like
checkboxes and radio buttons.

Q4. Which WebDriver methods should be used for handling iframes embedded within a page?

A. switchTo().frame(int index)
B. switchTo().frame(WebElement frameElement)
C. switchTo().parentFrame()
D. switchTo().window(String windowName)
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: switchTo().frame() accepts both index and WebElement references to switch frames, while switchTo().parentFrame() exits the current frame. switchTo().window() is for switching windows, not
frames.

Q5. Which of the following are recommended practices for maximizing test efficiency with Selenium waits?

A. Use only Explicit Waits where needed instead of relying solely on Implicit Waits.
B. Set both Implicit and Explicit Waits for maximum wait efficiency.
C. Implement FluentWait for elements that load irregularly.
D. Adjust wait times based on element visibility for quicker interactions.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Relying on Explicit Waits with tailored times is more efficient, while FluentWait is useful for variable-loading elements. Combining Implicit and Explicit Waits can cause unexpected issues.
Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the WebDriver Locator Type to its Strength

Locator Type Strength

ID 1. Uniqueness, fastest locator
Class Name 2. Suitable for elements with common styles
XPath 3. Handles complex structures or hierarchies
CSS Selector 4. Fast, flexible, supports attribute-based location
LinkText 5. Effective for anchor elements by link content

Answer:
ID - 1
Class Name - 2
XPath - 3
CSS Selector - 4
LinkText - 5

Q2. Match the Wait Type to Its Limitation

Wait Type Limitation

Implicit Wait 1. Applies globally, affecting all elements
Explicit Wait 2. Requires specific element targeting
Fluent Wait 3. Polling might slow execution

Answer:
Implicit Wait - 1
Explicit Wait - 2
Fluent Wait - 3

Q3. Match the Scenario with the Recommended Selenium Approach

Scenario Recommended Approach

Testing navigation between pages 1. Use navigate().back() or navigate().forward()
Switching to and interacting with alerts 2. Use switchTo().alert()
Handling input fields in a form 3. Use sendKeys() for input, clear() to reset fields
Closing all browser instances 4. Use quit()

Answer:
Testing navigation - 1
Switching to alerts - 2
Handling input fields - 3
Closing all instances - 4

Scenario-Based Questions

Q1. You’re testing a finance application where a specific tab on the page only loads data after a certain delay. How would you handle
waiting for this tab to become available?

A. Use an Implicit Wait and specify a maximum wait time.

B. Implement an Explicit Wait targeting the tab’s locator and condition.
C. Refresh the page until the tab becomes available.
D. Use FluentWait to handle the delay unpredictability.
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Explicit Waits are ideal for waiting on known elements with conditions. FluentWait allows additional control with polling for unpredictably loading elements.

Q2. You are automating an e-commerce site with search functionality, where the page layout changes based on the items found. Which
WebDriver approach would be effective for validating search results dynamically?

A. Use findElements() with getText() to capture results as they load.

B. Apply switchTo().alert() for any popup notifications.
C. Use Explicit Wait for search result elements to appear.
D. Rely on CSS Selectors to target dynamically changing attributes.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: findElements() allows handling multiple results, while Explicit Wait ensures loading before accessing results. CSS Selectors target attributes and styles of dynamically changing elements.

Q3. While testing a banking application with complex user authentication, you encounter an iframe for secure input fields. Which steps
ensure you can interact with these fields correctly?

A. Switch to the iframe using switchTo().frame() .

B. Use an Explicit Wait to ensure the iframe loads before switching.
C. Implement Implicit Wait to target the frame.
D. Use switchTo().parentFrame() after interacting within the iframe.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Switching to the iframe and waiting for it ensures access to elements within, and using parentFrame() after interaction is good practice for returning to the main content.
Q4. Your manager requests that you run a suite of tests across different browsers using the WebDriver. How would you ensure cross-
browser compatibility while handling common navigation and window management challenges?

A. Use browser-specific drivers like ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc.

B. Implement conditional waits depending on each browser’s page load times.
C. Include window handle management to handle pop-ups and new windows.
D. Use a single driver instance for all browser sessions to optimize performance.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Using the right drivers, managing unique waits per browser, and handling window switching covers cross-browser testing requirements. A separate driver instance is needed for each session to ensure
browser independence.

Q5. In your automation suite, you frequently encounter JavaScript alerts on various pages of the application. What approach will
streamline handling these alerts?

A. Use switchTo().alert() to manage alert handling.

B. Implement an Explicit Wait on alerts that have a delay in appearance.
C. Avoid alert handling since they are modal and will disrupt test flow.
D. Dismiss the alert if not required using alert().dismiss() .
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: switchTo().alert() handles JavaScript alerts, Explicit Wait ensures readiness, and using dismiss() manages unnecessary alerts. Ignoring alerts disrupts test continuity.

Certainly, let's dive into the final 30% with a focus on the most nuanced aspects of Selenium and WebDriver commands that often present real-world challenges. These questions will emphasize tricky command usage,
advanced scenarios with waits, browser navigation, and project-related challenges.

Multiple-Selection Questions
Q1. Which of the following are true regarding handling browser navigation in Selenium WebDriver?

A. navigate().back() allows moving back one step in browser history.

B. navigate().forward() can go forward only if a forward history exists.
C. navigate().to("URL") opens a new browser window.
D. navigate().refresh() reloads the current page.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: navigate().to() loads a URL in the current window, while back, forward, and refresh manage navigation within a single browser instance.

Q2. When switching between multiple browser windows, which of the following are essential considerations?

A. Use getWindowHandles() to capture all open window handles.

B. switchTo().window(handle) requires a unique handle for each window.
C. Using quit() in any window closes all active windows.
D. close() will close the active window and maintain others.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
Explanation: All these statements are true and crucial for managing multiple windows. getWindowHandles() captures handles, switchTo().window(handle) navigates between them, quit() closes all, and close()
only affects the current window.

Q3. Which WebDriver techniques are effective when dealing with shadow DOM elements?

A. Use JavaScript Executor to access shadow DOM.

B. Rely on regular CSS Selectors for locating shadow DOM elements.
C. Use shadowRoot.querySelector() within JavaScript Executor.
D. Explicit Waits alone are sufficient to access shadow DOM elements.
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: Shadow DOM requires JavaScript Executor with shadowRoot.querySelector() . CSS selectors and Explicit Waits are ineffective directly on shadow DOM elements.

Q4. For achieving the most reliable interaction with dynamic web elements, which practices are effective?

A. Implement Explicit Waits based on expected conditions for visibility.

B. Use XPath with unique attributes for locating dynamic elements.
C. Set a high Implicit Wait to cover all elements.
D. Use CSS Selectors with attribute combinations for precision.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Explicit Waits, strategic XPath, and attribute-based CSS Selectors improve reliability with dynamic elements. High Implicit Waits can slow down execution and don’t target specific conditions.

Q5. Which of the following WebDriver commands are essential for handling alerts that appear intermittently on a page?

A. switchTo().alert() to manage alert appearance.

B. Explicit Wait with alertIsPresent() .
C. accept() or dismiss() for accepting or closing the alert.
D. switchTo().frame() to enter the alert.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: switchTo().alert() , Explicit Wait with alertIsPresent() , and accept() or dismiss() handle alerts effectively. switchTo().frame() is not related to alert handling.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match the WebDriver Method with its Function

Method Function
sendKeys() 1. Enters text into input fields
getTitle() 2. Retrieves the page title
Method Function
getText() 3. Extracts visible text of elements
getAttribute() 4. Gets specific attribute values
isEnabled() 5. Checks if the element is interactive

Answer:
sendKeys() - 1
getTitle() - 2
getText() - 3
getAttribute() - 4
isEnabled() - 5

Q2. Match the Type of Wait to Its Purpose

Wait Type Purpose

Implicit Wait 1. Applies a global wait time for element location
Explicit Wait 2. Waits based on conditions of element status
Fluent Wait 3. Polls elements at regular intervals for condition

Answer:
Implicit Wait - 1
Explicit Wait - 2
Fluent Wait - 3

Q3. Match the Locator Strategy with Its Use Case

Locator Strategy Use Case

XPath 1. Suitable for complex hierarchies
CSS Selector 2. Effective for attribute-based targeting
LinkText 3. Best for locating hyperlinks
Class Name 4. Used for common elements with shared styles

Answer:
XPath - 1
CSS Selector - 2
LinkText - 3
Class Name - 4

Scenario-Based Questions
Q1. During a Selenium automation test, you encounter an element located inside an iframe that only becomes available after a delay.
Which actions are best for successful interaction?

A. Use switchTo().frame() to enter the iframe once available.

B. Apply Explicit Wait with elementToBeClickable() on the iframe’s element.
C. Implement Implicit Wait to handle any delays.
D. Use switchTo().parentFrame() after completing interactions within the iframe.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: switchTo().frame() enables access within the iframe, Explicit Wait ensures it’s ready, and switchTo().parentFrame() navigates back after interaction.

Q2. You need to interact with an alert that appears unexpectedly on multiple pages of an application. How would you handle it
effectively in Selenium?

A. Use switchTo().alert() to detect and interact with the alert.

B. Add an Explicit Wait with alertIsPresent() before switching.
C. Use dismiss() to close unwanted alerts.
D. Avoid interacting with the alert as it may disrupt the flow.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: switchTo().alert() , Explicit Wait, and dismiss() manage unexpected alerts safely. Ignoring alerts can disrupt test continuity.

Q3. You’re testing navigation within a multi-step form where each step loads a different page. Which WebDriver commands are useful for
managing this?

A. navigate().to() to move to each specific form step.

B. navigate().back() to return to the previous form step.
C. switchTo().alert() to handle any form completion notifications.
D. getCurrentUrl() to validate each form step’s URL.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: navigate().to() , navigate().back() , and getCurrentUrl() manage navigation and URL verification. Alerts should be handled only if they appear on the form.

Q4. Your test suite involves interacting with elements that often change dynamically. Which WebDriver features or commands best
handle this situation?

A. findElements() to locate multiple instances of a dynamic element.

B. Use getText() only when the element’s text is static.
C. Apply Explicit Waits with visibilityOfElementLocated .
D. Rely on isDisplayed() to confirm element presence.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
 Explanation: findElements() , Explicit Waits, and isDisplayed() manage dynamic elements. getText() is limited to text values that don’t change often.

Q5. During testing, you must handle elements that are only partially visible due to scrolling requirements. Which WebDriver options
handle such elements effectively?

A. executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element)
B. Use Explicit Wait with elementToBeClickable() for the scrolled element.
C. Rely on Implicit Waits to manage the scrolling and delay.
D. Use sendKeys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN) to scroll manually if required.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: JavaScript Executor scrolls to elements, Explicit Waits confirm readiness, and manual scrolling can help in tricky cases. Implicit Waits don’t specifically manage scrolling.

Chapter 3. Selenium Test Frameworks:

Q1. Which of the following are true about TestNG annotations for managing test execution flow?

A. @BeforeSuite runs once before any test in the suite.

B. @AfterTest runs once after all tests in a single class.
C. @BeforeMethod runs before each individual test method.
D. @AfterClass runs only if a specific test fails in the class.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: @BeforeSuite runs once at the start of the suite, @AfterTest after each test class, and @BeforeMethod before each test method. @AfterClass runs after the class tests, regardless of test results.

Q2. Which TestNG features are useful for organizing and optimizing test suite execution?

A. Parallel execution of tests to reduce overall time.

B. Grouping related test methods for selective execution.
C. Test dependency configuration to ensure priority order.
D. Adding @BeforeTest on every test for improved performance.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Parallel execution, grouping, and dependency configuration enhance efficiency. Using @BeforeTest on every test doesn’t necessarily improve performance and is generally redundant.

Q3. In Page Object Model (POM), which of the following are considered best practices?

A. Define WebElements only within page classes.

B. Use methods within page classes to interact with elements.
C. Store page-specific actions in separate utility classes.
D. Keep WebDriver logic centralized in the main test class.
Correct Answers: A and B
Explanation: WebElements should be in page classes, and actions should be defined in those classes for a clear structure. Utility classes are not essential for page actions, and WebDriver logic is better centralized
elsewhere for reusability.

Q4. When setting up Data-Driven Testing using Apache POI with TestNG, which practices are effective?

A. Store test data in Excel sheets for easy updates.

B. Use DataProvider for passing data to tests.
C. Read Excel data directly within the test method to minimize code complexity.
D. Close the Excel file after test execution to prevent memory leaks.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Excel files make test data manageable, DataProvider supports parameterization, and closing files prevents leaks. Direct data reading within tests isn’t a best practice due to complexity.

Q5. Which CSS selectors can identify elements more efficiently than XPath for frequently changing web applications?

A. Attribute selectors like input[type='text']

B. ID selectors for elements with unique IDs
C. Descendant selectors to locate elements within containers
D. Relative CSS selectors using ../ to navigate upwards
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Attribute, ID, and descendant selectors are efficient in CSS. CSS doesn’t support upward navigation with ../ , which is unique to XPath.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match TestNG Annotations to Their Descriptions

Annotation Description
@Test 1. Marks a method as a test case
@BeforeClass 2. Runs once before any method in the class
@AfterMethod 3. Executes after each individual test method
@BeforeSuite 4. Runs once before the entire suite
@AfterTest 5. Runs after all methods in the class, within a test tag

Answer:
@Test - 1
@BeforeClass - 2
@AfterMethod - 3
@BeforeSuite - 4
@AfterTest - 5

Q2. Match the XPath Function with Its Purpose

XPath Function Purpose
contains() 1. Finds elements partially matching a value
text() 2. Selects elements based on visible text
starts-with() 3. Selects elements with text starting with a pattern
last() 4. Selects the last element in a result set

Answer:
contains() - 1
text() - 2
starts-with() - 3
last() - 4

Q3. Match the TestNG Assertion Method with Its Use Case

Assertion Method Use Case

assertTrue() 1. Verifies if a condition is true
assertEquals() 2. Confirms expected and actual values are the same
assertNotNull() 3. Ensures an object is not null
assertFalse() 4. Validates a condition is false

Answer:
assertTrue() - 1
assertEquals() - 2
assertNotNull() - 3
assertFalse() - 4

Q4. Match Locator Strategy with Its Primary Use Case

Locator Primary Use Case

ID 1. Fastest locator, use when unique IDs exist
Name 2. Common for form fields with names
LinkText 3. Used for exact match on link text
CSS Selector 4. Flexible, supports attribute combinations

Answer:
ID - 1
Name - 2
LinkText - 3
CSS Selector - 4

Scenario-Based Questions

Q1. In a large TestNG suite, you need to run only a select group of tests. Which TestNG configurations allow you to accomplish this
effectively?

A. Group the tests using @Test(groups="groupName") and specify the group in TestNG XML.
B. Use include and exclude tags within the TestNG XML to specify which methods to run.
C. Run the entire suite and rely on priority to control test order.
D. Disable unused tests by commenting out methods in the TestNG XML file.
Correct Answers: A and B
Explanation: Grouping and XML include / exclude tags are efficient. Running the full suite or commenting methods is inefficient and can cause maintenance issues.

Q2. You’re using data-driven tests in TestNG with Apache POI to pull data from Excel files. Which strategies help maintain good test
performance and prevent memory issues?

A. Open and read the Excel file only once before the test suite.
B. Load Excel data in a DataProvider method rather than individual tests.
C. Use try-with-resources to automatically close file streams.
D. Implement Implicit Waits within the data reading code.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Reading the file once, using DataProvider , and closing resources are best practices. Implicit Waits don’t apply to data handling.

Q3. When would you prefer CSS selectors over XPath in Selenium, considering both performance and maintainability?

A. CSS is simpler to read, especially for attribute-based selectors.

B. CSS doesn’t support navigating upwards in DOM structure.
C. XPath is faster than CSS for simple selectors.
D. CSS performs well in locating elements with dynamic IDs.
Correct Answers: A and B
Explanation: CSS is usually simpler for attributes, but it lacks upward navigation and doesn’t handle complex dynamic paths as effectively as XPath.

Q4. In a TestNG project with a Page Object Model structure, you encounter that elements in one page occasionally change IDs based on
the user login. How can you manage this efficiently?

A. Add conditional locators within the page class to handle different IDs.
B. Use @FindBy annotations with all possible IDs listed in @FindAll .
C. Introduce a helper method within the page class that selects the appropriate locator.
 D. Avoid using Page Object Model for such scenarios to minimize complexity.
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: Conditional locators and helper methods allow flexibility without abandoning the Page Object Model. @FindAll isn’t effective with dynamic IDs, and avoiding POM isn’t recommended for structured
projects.

Q5. You are configuring parallel execution in TestNG. Which of the following are critical to managing parallel execution safely?

A. Setting parallel="methods" in the TestNG XML file.

B. Ensuring each test method has isolated data and state.
C. Using the same WebDriver instance across parallel methods for simplicity.
D. Using ThreadLocal WebDriver to prevent test interference.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Parallel execution requires isolated data, ThreadLocal instances, and parallel="methods" . Sharing WebDriver instances causes conflicts.

Multiple-Selection Questions
Q1. When configuring TestNG XML files for a large suite with multiple classes and packages, which practices improve organization and
execution efficiency?

A. Use <suite> tags to define the scope of the suite and its configuration.
B. Define <test> tags within <suite> for organizing different groups of test classes.
C. Assign each test class to a separate XML file for modularity.
D. Define <parameter> tags inside <suite> to pass values to test methods dynamically.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: <suite> and <test> tags improve organization, while <parameter> supports dynamic data. Separate XML files per class are generally inefficient.

Q2. When using @DataProvider in TestNG for data-driven tests, which methods help optimize test performance and organization?

A. Use the same @DataProvider across multiple test methods.

B. Provide a different data source (e.g., Excel, CSV) for each @DataProvider .
C. Implement parallel execution of tests in @DataProvider .
D. Avoid caching data within @DataProvider to ensure accuracy.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Reusing @DataProvider , diverse data sources, and parallel execution improves efficiency. Caching can be useful, depending on data consistency needs.

Q3. Which TestNG assertions are best for validating multiple scenarios in complex, data-driven tests?

A. assertEquals() and assertNotEquals() for verifying expected vs. actual values.

B. assertTrue() combined with assertFalse() for flexible conditional checks.
C. assertArrayEquals() to compare multi-dimensional arrays or lists.
D. assertNull() to validate when an element is expected to be missing or null.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: assertEquals() and assertNotEquals() are critical, assertTrue() / assertFalse() allow conditional checks, and assertArrayEquals() supports complex data structures.

Q4. In Page Object Model (POM), which strategies ensure efficient handling of dynamic data and frequent UI changes?

A. Define separate classes for each UI component (header, sidebar, etc.).

B. Use @FindBy with advanced XPath/CSS for dynamic elements.
C. Implement a utility method for conditional element handling.
D. Create multiple WebDriver instances to avoid stale elements.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Classes for components, advanced locators, and utility methods aid in handling UI changes. Multiple WebDrivers are generally inefficient and can cause conflicts.

Q5. Which TestNG configurations are required for parallel test execution with minimal conflicts?

A. Set parallel="methods" in the TestNG XML file.

B. Use ThreadLocal for each WebDriver instance.
C. Add dependsOnMethods in test methods for dependency management.
D. Use @BeforeMethod to reset driver states for each test.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Parallel methods, ThreadLocal , and driver resets aid parallel execution without conflicts. Dependencies can disrupt parallelism if not well managed.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match TestNG Annotations with their Execution Scope

Annotation Execution Scope

@BeforeSuite 1. Runs once before any tests in the suite
@AfterSuite 2. Runs once after all tests in the suite
@BeforeMethod 3. Runs before each test method within the class
@AfterClass 4. Runs once after all methods in the current class

Answer:
@BeforeSuite - 1
@AfterSuite - 2
@BeforeMethod - 3
@AfterClass - 4

Q2. Match WebDriver Commands to Their Functions

Command Function
get() 1. Loads a new webpage in the current browser session
navigate().back() 2. Navigates back to the previous page
quit() 3. Closes all browser windows and terminates WebDriver
findElement() 4. Finds the first matching element

Answer:
get() - 1
navigate().back() - 2
quit() - 3
findElement() - 4

Q3. Match Apache POI Classes with Their Functions

Class Function
XSSFWorkbook 1. Represents an Excel workbook (XLSX format)
XSSFSheet 2. Represents a specific sheet in the workbook
XSSFRow 3. Represents a row in the sheet
XSSFCell 4. Represents an individual cell in a row

Answer:
XSSFWorkbook - 1
XSSFSheet - 2
XSSFRow - 3
XSSFCell - 4

Q4. Match XPath Functions with Their Purpose

XPath Function Purpose

text() 1. Selects elements based on visible text
starts-with() 2. Selects elements where attributes start with a certain value
last() 3. Selects the last element from a set of matches
contains() 4. Selects elements with partially matching attributes

Answer:
text() - 1
starts-with() - 2
last() - 3
contains() - 4

Q5. Match TestNG Assertions with Their Use

Assertion Use
assertEquals() 1. Compares two values for equality
assertNotNull() 2. Verifies that an object is not null
assertTrue() 3. Checks if a condition is true
assertSame() 4. Confirms two object references point to the same object

Answer:
assertEquals() - 1
assertNotNull() - 2
assertTrue() - 3
assertSame() - 4

Scenario-Based Questions

Q1. You need to run multiple tests across different browsers simultaneously in a CI/CD environment. Which settings in TestNG XML and
WebDriver setup can support this?

A. Configure <suite parallel="tests"> in the TestNG XML.

B. Use @DataProvider to manage browser options and pass them to test methods.
C. Use @BeforeSuite to set up WebDriver and share across all threads.
D. Implement a ThreadLocal<WebDriver> instance for each thread.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Setting parallel tests, using @DataProvider , and ThreadLocal WebDriver instances support concurrent testing across browsers. @BeforeSuite for WebDriver setup is inefficient in parallel scenarios.

Q2. In a large suite with complex locators, what strategies can improve test reliability and maintainability?

A. Use CSS Selectors whenever possible for improved performance.

B. Define locators within each test method for modularity.
C. Implement PageFactory for dynamic locator initialization.
D. Use regular expressions within XPath for dynamic attribute values.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: CSS selectors, PageFactory , and regular expressions enhance performance and reliability. Defining locators in test methods reduces maintainability.
Q3. During a TestNG parallel execution setup, some tests experience stale element exceptions. Which strategies are effective for
minimizing this issue?

A. Increase Implicit Waits globally to prevent race conditions.

B. Implement Explicit Waits for key dynamic elements.
C. Rely on the ThreadLocal WebDriver instance for each test thread.
D. Refresh the page every time an exception occurs.
Correct Answers: B and C
Explanation: Explicit waits target dynamic elements, and ThreadLocal WebDrivers keep threads isolated. Excessive waits or page refreshes reduce efficiency.

Multiple-Selection Questions

Q1. When configuring parallel test execution in TestNG with Apache POI for data-driven testing, what practices ensure accurate data
handling across threads?

A. Use synchronized methods to access Excel data.

B. Store each test’s data in a separate collection (e.g., Map ) to avoid conflicts.
C. Use @DataProvider(parallel=true) for test data feeding.
D. Implement ThreadLocal for workbook instances to handle isolated data.
Correct Answers: B, C, and D
Explanation: Storing separate data collections, parallel data providers, and ThreadLocal workbook instances enable thread safety. Synchronization reduces efficiency in parallel execution.

Q2. In Page Object Model (POM) structures, which techniques support maintainable and flexible automation scripts for complex web
applications?

A. Centralize locators in a constants or properties file for easy updates.

B. Define @FindBy locators with XPath functions for dynamic elements.
C. Use method chaining to create reusable, concise action methods.
D. Avoid the use of @CacheLookup to handle dynamic web elements.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
Explanation: All techniques enhance POM maintainability by centralizing locators, supporting dynamic elements, reusing code, and managing element caching.

Q3. Which types of data validation are best managed by assertions in TestNG for comprehensive test coverage?

A. Checking that a page element is visible and contains the correct text.
B. Confirming two objects point to the same memory reference.
C. Verifying that specific elements have unique attribute values.
D. Ensuring each list item contains expected data based on external sources.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
Explanation: Assertions are versatile for visibility, content, uniqueness, and external data checks, crucial for thorough validation in automation.

Q4. When handling dynamic elements that frequently change position or ID, which approaches with XPath and CSS Selectors ensure
reliable test execution?

A. Use contains() and starts-with() XPath functions for partially matching attributes.
B. Prefer CSS Selectors with direct attribute values for better performance.
C. Combine multiple attributes in a single XPath to improve accuracy.
D. Avoid absolute XPath as it’s susceptible to layout changes.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Partial and combined attribute matching, along with avoiding absolute XPath, enhances stability with dynamic elements. Direct CSS selectors can be unstable with dynamic attributes.

Q5. In data-driven testing using Apache POI, which methods best support efficient reading and writing of large Excel files?

A. Use XSSFWorkbook for memory-efficient handling of XLSX files.

B. Use SXSSFWorkbook for managing larger files without consuming excessive memory.
C. Apply XSSFRow and XSSFCell for targeted row and cell operations.
D. Cache data read from Excel to avoid repetitive I/O operations.
Correct Answers: B, C, and D
Explanation: SXSSFWorkbook optimizes large files, row/cell operations allow targeting data precisely, and caching minimizes I/O overhead.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match TestNG Annotations with Their Uses

Annotation Use
@BeforeClass 1. Runs once before any method in the class
@AfterMethod 2. Runs after each test method in the current class
@DataProvider 3. Supplies external data to test methods
@Parameters 4. Passes XML parameters to test methods

Answer:
@BeforeClass - 1
@AfterMethod - 2
@DataProvider - 3
@Parameters - 4

Q2. Match Apache POI Components with Their Use Cases

Component Use Case
SXSSFWorkbook 1. Memory-efficient handling for large XLSX files
XSSFSheet 2. Represents a specific sheet in a workbook
XSSFFormulaEval 3. Evaluates formulas in Excel cells
XSSFRow 4. Accesses rows in a specific sheet

Answer:
SXSSFWorkbook - 1
XSSFSheet - 2
XSSFFormulaEval - 3
XSSFRow - 4

Q3. Match Locators with Their Best Use Cases

Locator Use Case

ID 1. Best for unique elements where ID remains stable
XPath 2. Ideal for complex element hierarchies and attributes
CSS Selector 3. Optimized for speed and often used in static element locating
Class Name 4. Suitable for elements grouped by class

Answer:
ID - 1
XPath - 2
CSS Selector - 3
Class Name - 4

Q4. Match XPath Functions with Scenarios

XPath Function Scenario

position() 1. Selecting elements by their position in a list
contains() 2. Selecting elements with partially matching attributes
ancestor 3. Accessing an element's ancestor in a hierarchy
last() 4. Selecting the last element in a set

Answer:
position() - 1
contains() - 2
ancestor - 3
last() - 4

Q5. Match TestNG Parallel Execution Options with Their Impact

Parallel Option Impact

methods 1. Runs test methods in parallel
classes 2. Runs all methods in a class in parallel
tests 3. Runs each <test> tag in XML in parallel
none 4. No parallel execution

Answer:
methods - 1
classes - 2
tests - 3
none - 4

Scenario-Based Questions

Q1. During parallel testing in TestNG, you encounter inconsistent data states across threads. Which configurations best mitigate these
issues?

A. Use parallel="methods" to run each method independently.

B. Use ThreadLocal variables for isolating test data per thread.
C. Centralize data initialization in @BeforeSuite for consistency.
D. Pass unique data to each method using a @DataProvider .
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Thread-local variables and @DataProvider ensure data independence in parallel testing. Global data can introduce conflicts across threads.

Q2. In an automation framework, you need to dynamically locate elements with unstable IDs. Which locator strategies offer the most
reliable results?

A. Use starts-with() with XPath for partially matching unstable IDs.

B. Rely on @ClassName for generic, reusable elements.
C. Use contains() within XPath to match partial ID strings.
D. Apply @LinkText for stable text links.
Correct Answers: A and C
Explanation: starts-with() and contains() with XPath can effectively target elements with dynamic IDs. Class names or link texts might not always be unique enough for unstable IDs.
Q3. When working with data-driven tests, which approaches optimize data read/write operations from Excel using Apache POI?

A. Use SXSSFWorkbook for reduced memory usage on large files.

B. Open and close the workbook in each test method for data consistency.
C. Cache frequently accessed data to reduce I/O load.
D. Implement XSSFFormulaEvaluator to handle cells with formulas.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: SXSSFWorkbook improves performance with large files, caching reduces repetitive reads, and formula evaluation handles computed cells efficiently.

Q4. You’re using a Page Object Model (POM) in a highly dynamic UI where page structure changes frequently. Which strategies in your
POM design help handle this?

A. Define separate component classes for modularity.

B. Use @CacheLookup for all elements to speed up the page object.
C. Group locator strategies for similar elements under constants.
D. Apply conditional waits (e.g., ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf() ).
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: Modular component classes, organized locator constants, and conditional waits improve POM adaptability and maintainability with dynamic UIs. @CacheLookup should be avoided for dynamic elements.

Chapter 5,6,7
Q1. When using Selenium WebDriver’s JavaScriptExecutor to handle complex interactions, which scenarios are ideal for implementing it?

A. Scrolling to dynamically loaded elements.

B. Automating form submission without clicking the submit button.
C. Waiting for an element’s inner text to change.
D. Accessing shadow DOM elements that are not directly visible to Selenium.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, and D
Explanation: JavaScriptExecutor handles scrolling, form submission, text verification, and shadow DOM interactions, which may not be feasible with standard WebDriver commands.

Q2. What are the primary considerations when configuring Selenium Grid for parallel execution across multiple browsers and operating
systems?

A. Ensure the Hub and Nodes have compatible browser versions.

B. Keep each Node’s browser settings isolated to prevent conflicts.
C. Configure test cases to run on specific Nodes with tags or capabilities.
D. Enable WebDriver's implicit waits to synchronize across all Nodes.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Ensuring compatible browsers, isolated settings, and targeted Node configuration is essential for parallel execution. Implicit waits may not synchronize across Nodes due to environment differences.

Q3. When automating file uploads in Selenium, which methods effectively handle this functionality across various frameworks and
applications?

A. Use sendKeys() with the file path directly on the file input element.
B. Use JavaScriptExecutor to simulate file selection dialogs.
C. Integrate Robot class for handling native OS file selectors.
D. Use third-party tools to manage file dialogs in restricted environments.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: sendKeys() , Robot class, and third-party tools manage file uploads effectively. JavaScriptExecutor may lack access to file selection dialogs for security reasons.

Q4. When taking screenshots in Selenium for error reporting and validation, which approaches ensure accurate and usable screenshots
in automation?

A. Use TakesScreenshot with OutputType.FILE for PNG images.

B. Capture screenshots in base64 format for compatibility with reporting tools.
C. Embed screenshots in HTML reports for quick reference.
D. Capture only visible areas of the browser window.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: File or base64 screenshots allow compatibility with reports, while embedding them improves readability. Selenium captures only the visible browser area, so capturing the full page requires additional
tools.

Q5. When integrating Maven with Selenium projects, which benefits ensure optimized project management and dependency handling?

A. Easily manage dependencies with the pom.xml file.

B. Configure test execution cycles in TestNG through Maven plugins.
C. Avoid manual updates to dependencies by using version ranges.
D. Configure WebDriver setup within pom.xml for easy execution.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Maven’s pom.xml efficiently manages dependencies and allows setting up test execution with plugins, while version ranges reduce manual dependency updates. WebDriver setup requires separate
configuration for browser drivers.

Q6. In Continuous Integration (CI) setups with Jenkins, which practices best support a stable and responsive test automation pipeline
with Selenium?

A. Schedule nightly builds to catch daily regressions.

B. Integrate notifications to alert teams of build failures.
C. Use isolated test environments for each Jenkins job to prevent conflicts.
D. Configure parallel jobs without grouping related test cases.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Nightly builds, notifications, and isolated environments promote stability. Grouping related test cases is recommended to avoid conflicting parallel execution.

Q7. When handling browser cookies in WebDriver for managing sessions across test scenarios, which actions are effective in session
management?
 A. Use manage().getCookies() to retrieve all cookies.
B. Use addCookie() to create new cookies for sessions.
C. Use deleteAllCookies() before test execution to prevent conflicts.
D. Use JavaScriptExecutor to manipulate cookies directly in the DOM.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Managing cookies through WebDriver commands provides full control over sessions, while JavaScriptExecutor is generally unnecessary for basic cookie operations.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match Selenium Grid Concepts with Their Descriptions

Concept Description
Hub 1. Manages test requests and distributes to Nodes
Node 2. Executes tests across different browsers and OS environments
Capability 3. Specifies browser, version, and OS for test execution
Parallel Execution 4. Allows tests to run simultaneously on different Nodes

Answer:
Hub - 1
Node - 2
Capability - 3
Parallel Execution - 4

Q2. Match WebDriver Commands with Their Primary Use

Command Primary Use

addCookie() 1. Adds a new session cookie to the browser
getWindowHandle() 2. Retrieves the current window’s handle
switchTo().frame() 3. Switches the context to an iframe
executeScript() 4. Executes JavaScript in the current page context

Answer:
addCookie() - 1
getWindowHandle() - 2
switchTo().frame() - 3
executeScript() - 4

Q3. Match Continuous Integration (CI) Tools with Their Capabilities

Tool Capability
Jenkins 1. Automates build and deployment pipelines
Maven 2. Manages dependencies and build cycles for Java projects
Log4j 3. Provides logging capabilities for tracking test execution
Git 4. Version control for code tracking and collaboration

Answer:
Jenkins - 1
Maven - 2
Log4j - 3
Git - 4

Q4. Match Log4j Components with Their Functions

Component Function
Logger 1. Captures log messages at different levels
Appender 2. Specifies where log messages are sent (e.g., console, file)
Layout 3. Formats log messages before sending to the appender
Level 4. Sets the severity of log messages (e.g., INFO, ERROR)

Answer:
Logger - 1
Appender - 2
Layout - 3
Level - 4

Q5. Match Git Commands with Their Actions

Command Action
git clone 1. Copies a remote repository locally
git commit 2. Saves changes in the local repository
git pull 3. Fetches updates from a remote repository
git push 4. Uploads local commits to the remote repository

Answer:
 git clone - 1
git commit - 2
git pull - 3
git push - 4

Scenario-Based Questions
Q1. You are using Selenium Grid to perform cross-browser testing with two Nodes: one for Chrome and another for Firefox. The Chrome
Node frequently fails when a pop-up alert is present. What steps can you take to address this?

A. Set up retry logic in test cases to re-run failed tests on Chrome.

B. Configure Grid to avoid tests with pop-ups on the Chrome Node.
C. Use switchTo().alert() in WebDriver commands to handle pop-ups explicitly.
D. Update Chrome Node browser settings to auto-dismiss alerts.
Correct Answers: C and D
Explanation: switchTo().alert() and browser settings provide specific handling for pop-ups, reducing test failures.

Q2. While implementing logging in your Selenium project with Log4j, the team notices that log files quickly become large. What steps
can you take to maintain useful logging without filling up disk space?

A. Set Log4j to use a RollingFileAppender with a size-based policy.

B. Change the log level to WARN to capture only higher-severity messages.
C. Use the ConsoleAppender to avoid creating files.
D. Set up log rotation and delete old logs periodically.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: Using a RollingFileAppender , setting an appropriate log level, and setting up log rotation help manage log file sizes while preserving essential logs.

Multiple-Selection Questions

Q1. When managing dynamic elements in Selenium, which methods effectively handle elements that change frequently?

A. Use Explicit Wait with ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated .

B. Use Thread.sleep() to wait for the element to become visible.
C. Use CSS Selectors to locate elements instead of XPath.
D. Use FluentWait with custom timeout and polling intervals.
Correct Answers: A and D
Explanation: Explicit Wait with ExpectedConditions and FluentWait provide controlled waiting. Thread.sleep() is discouraged, and using CSS Selectors over XPath depends on the HTML structure.

Q2. Which practices are recommended for managing large test data files in Data-Driven Testing with Apache POI?

A. Store test data in a database instead of Excel files.

B. Load the entire Excel file into memory at the start of each test.
C. Read data row-by-row to minimize memory usage.
D. Split large test data files into smaller files by test case type.
Correct Answers: C and D
Explanation: Row-by-row reading and splitting files improve memory management. Using databases can work but adds complexity to the framework.

Q3. While setting up a Continuous Integration pipeline with Jenkins and Maven, which steps optimize build and test automation?

A. Use Maven Surefire plugin for executing TestNG tests.

B. Include skipTests=true in Maven goals to speed up builds.
C. Use Jenkins' post-build actions to generate reports.
D. Configure Jenkins to use a separate workspace for each build job.
Correct Answers: A, C, and D
Explanation: The Surefire plugin is essential for test execution, post-build actions generate reports, and separate workspaces prevent conflicts. Skipping tests can undermine CI.

Q4. Which statements are true about handling file downloads in Selenium WebDriver?

A. Use Robot class to manage OS-level file selection dialogs.

B. Configure browser profile settings to automatically download files.
C. Use JavaScriptExecutor to override file download permissions.
D. Change WebDriver’s default directory settings for saved files.
Correct Answers: B and D
Explanation: Configuring browser profiles and changing directory settings enable direct handling of downloads. Robot class is unnecessary, and JavaScriptExecutor cannot override download permissions.

Q5. When using JavaScriptExecutor for handling complex elements, which methods help execute JavaScript directly in Selenium?

A. executeScript() for synchronous script execution.

B. executeAsyncScript() for asynchronous script execution.
C. runJavaScript() for executing JavaScript.
D. evaluateScript() for script evaluation.
Correct Answers: A and B
Explanation: executeScript() and executeAsyncScript() are the correct methods. Options C and D are incorrect, as these methods don’t exist in WebDriver.

Match the Following Questions

Q1. Match TestNG Annotations with Their Purpose
Annotation Purpose
@BeforeSuite 1. Executes once before all tests in the suite
@AfterSuite 2. Executes once after all tests in the suite
@BeforeMethod 3. Runs before each @Test method
@AfterMethod 4. Runs after each @Test method

Answer:
@BeforeSuite - 1
@AfterSuite - 2
@BeforeMethod - 3
@AfterMethod - 4

Q2. Match WebDriver Element Handling Commands with Their Use

Command Use
click() 1. Clicks on the specified element
sendKeys() 2. Inputs text into text fields
isDisplayed() 3. Checks if an element is visible
getText() 4. Retrieves text from an element

Answer:
click() - 1
sendKeys() - 2
isDisplayed() - 3
getText() - 4

Q3. Match XPath Functions with Their Purpose

Function Purpose
text() 1. Finds elements by exact text match
contains() 2. Finds elements by partial text match
starts-with() 3. Finds elements where text begins with a certain string
position() 4. Selects elements based on their position in the DOM

Answer:
text() - 1
contains() - 2
starts-with() - 3
position() - 4

Q4. Match Common Maven Commands with Their Function

Command Function
mvn compile 1. Compiles the project’s source code
mvn clean 2. Deletes all files generated by previous builds
mvn test 3. Runs test cases in the project
mvn install 4. Builds the project and installs it locally

Answer:
mvn compile - 1
mvn clean - 2
mvn test - 3
mvn install - 4

Q5. Match Jenkins Build Job Stages with Their Purpose

Stage Purpose
Source 1. Downloads the code repository
Build 2. Compiles and prepares the code for testing
Test 3. Executes tests on the compiled code
Deploy 4. Releases the built project to a target environment

Answer:
Source - 1
Build - 2
Test - 3
Deploy - 4

Scenario-Based Questions
Q1. You are automating a web application with Selenium, and one of the pages contains several dynamic elements. What approaches
should you take to ensure consistent interaction with these elements?

A. Use FluentWait with polling intervals to wait for elements.

 B. Capture page load events to check element readiness.
C. Use Thread.sleep() to ensure elements load before interacting.
D. Leverage CSS selectors that adapt well to dynamic changes.
Correct Answers: A, B, and D
Explanation: FluentWait, page load events, and adaptive CSS selectors improve reliability. Avoid Thread.sleep() due to potential inefficiency.

Q2. A new Jenkins pipeline was created to run your Selenium tests nightly. During some test cases, screenshots of failed tests aren’t
generated. What steps can you take to ensure consistent screenshot generation?

A. Add a global error handler to capture screenshots on failure.

B. Use @AfterMethod in TestNG to capture screenshots after each test.
C. Store screenshots in the Jenkins workspace for every build.
D. Disable headless mode in the Jenkins configuration.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: A global error handler and @AfterMethod ensure screenshots on failure. Storing them in the Jenkins workspace aids in report generation. Headless mode generally does not impact screenshot
functionality.

Q3. Your team needs to add version control for test automation scripts in a Git repository. Which practices will best help manage the
code efficiently?

A. Use descriptive commit messages for all changes.

B. Regularly merge development branches into the main branch.
C. Create a README.md file to document repository setup instructions.
D. Directly commit to the main branch to avoid merge conflicts.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: Descriptive messages, regular merging, and documentation help maintain a clean, collaborative repository. Avoid directly committing to the main branch; create pull requests for review.

Q4. You need to handle file uploads on a webpage where standard file upload elements aren’t used. Which methods are suitable for this
situation?

A. Use sendKeys() to input the file path directly.

B. Automate keyboard commands using the Robot class.
C. Use JavaScriptExecutor to modify file upload elements.
D. Implement the Actions class to simulate file dragging.
Correct Answers: A, B, and C
Explanation: sendKeys() , Robot class, and JavaScriptExecutor help with non-standard file uploads. The Actions class isn’t effective for file uploads directly.