MZUMBE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF LAW

STUDENT NAME:
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
NAME OF SUBJECT: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR LAWYERS
SUBJECT CODE: 103

COURSE: LLB1

NATURE OF WORK: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

LECTURER: DR, LUPOGO

SUBMITTION DATE: 13TH February 2022

QUESTION

1. By using 7th edition of APA, create a bibliography of 12 references with the combination
of references from different sources; eg. Books, papers/ articles, news papers, songs, oral
conversation etc. After having completed your bibliography, give explanations for each
reference in order for one to know the kind of source your have captured.
2. Make summary of not more than four pages of section two (2) “Punctuation” and section
three (3) “ capitalization” from an attached book called the blue Book of Grammar and
punctuation.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1:0 INTRODUCTION
Question (1)
 Concept of APA (7TH ED)
 Concept of bibliography and references
Question (2)
 Concept of punctuation
 Concept of capitalization
2:0 MAIN DISCUSSION
 Question one required by using 7th edition of APA, to create a bibliography of 12
references with the combination of references from different sources; eg. Books, papers/
articles, news papers, songs, oral conversation etc. After having completed your
bibliography, give explanations for each reference in order for one to know the kind of
source which I have captured.

 Question two required to make summary of not more than four pages of section two (2)
“Punctuation” and section three (3) “ capitalization” from an attached book called the
blue Book of Grammar and punctuation.

 In section 2 contain Punctuation marks like the following

period, commas, semicolon, colon, Quotation marks, parentheses and bracket ,
apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, ellipses, Question marks exclamation points

3:0 CONCLUSION
Short summary about whole work
4:0 REFERENCES
1:0 INTRODUCTION
APA style 7th edition is the American Psychological Association, this style of citation and
Quotation which does not require endnote or footnotes it require citation within the text. In tex
citation usually include the name of author and the date of publication to read the reader to the
listing found in the reference
The American psychological association (APA)Washington, DC style, is a presented in this
handout, is widely accepted in the social sciences.
References complete information about each source cited in the text writing at the end of the
work. Though the question required reference based on the publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ED). Washington, DC. Also a full citations are listed in alphabetical
order.
Bibliography list of books and other references that has been used in the work. This sometime
does not contain the all things or citation which captured in the whole work,

2:0 MAIN DISCUSSION

Scope of the question
Question one required by using 7th edition of APA, to create a bibliography of 12 references with
the combination of references from different sources; example. Books, papers/ articles,
newspapers, songs, oral conversation etc. After having completed your bibliography, give
explanations for each reference in order for one to know the kind of source which I have captured.
The following are the list of Bibliography.
STATUTE
The Penal code 1945 [Cap 16 R.E 2019]
CASE
Tanganyika Garage ltd V. Marcell G Mafuruki [1975] LRT 23
BOOKS
Issa. O (2020), legal system of Tanzania, 5th ED,
Mrindo F. (2019) Introduction to law in mainland Tanzania; Juris publisher Limited.
Musyoka W. (2006) law of succession, law Africa; Twiga Towers
Richard Blundel Eta l (2003), effective organizational communication 4th ED, person Education
Ltd.
Straus .J. (2014) The Blue Book of Grammar and punctuation 11th ED, Jossey –Bass aWileyBrand.
Shivji, G, I&. Majamba, I, H. (2004)Constitutional and legal system of Tanzania: Mkuki Na
Nyota Publishers Ltd.
Williams, G. [2013], learning the Laws: 14 E.D, Universal Law Publishing Co.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Mshana J, (2018) E judiciary,IJA law journal final, volume 1 no 2 Pg 20-42

Mshana J (2019), E justice in Tanzania,IJA law journal, volume 2 no 1 Pg 1-17

Ubena J. (2008), ICT as a solution to delay of cases in the administration of justice in Tanzania
JTLS volume 2 Pg 12-52
The following are explanation of each reference.
The journal article according to Mshana (2018)explain how e-judiciary can lead to modernization
of Tanzania legal systems. In so doing, the article appraises the current situation of ICT adoption
and the prerequisite steps in establishing e- judiciary and automation of all courts in Tanzania. The
article depicts the potential challenges to e-judiciary and implies how such challenges can be
addressed if the judiciary were to benefit from e-judiciary. The article argues that the e judiciary
will not only facilitate lawyers and litigants in justice seeking, but will also ease the workload of
clerical staff. It also argues that although some courts have to some extent been using ICT, one
need to know that the use of ICT is not a panacea. Rather, it is just a star of long journey towards
an e judiciary system,

Journal article written by Dr. honorable judge Ubena (2008) but before was lecturer at Mzumbe
University. In this journal article explained the importance of ICT as a solution to delay of case in
the administration of justice in Tanzania, through use of ICT that despite the reluctance of the
bodies responsible for administration of justice to embrace ICT one would still have encouraged
the said bodies to employ ICT in their daily business to redress the problem of backlog of cases
and delay.

Journal article written byMshana (2019) is a lecturer also have different publication like books,
journal articles and others, published other article knows as E justice in Tanzania IJA journal this
is current journal, the article describe ICT is a tool to improve court records and information
resources sharing to enhance justice accessibility in Tanzania this article had no different with e
judiciary but in e justice in Tanzania author emphasize more that access to justice can be enhanced
the uses of ICT in court records and information resources sharing. Explain the introduction of
justice accessibility and why it is important to citizens.
BOOKS
The book written by Omary Issa (2020) it contain the legal system of Tanzania in general where
by author stating to explain wat is legal systemwhich means structure, organization and
coordination of laws which exist is a given county. It is the subject which study laws which
country recognizes and enforceable There are many types of legal system in the world among of
the following common law legal system, civil law legal system, religious legal system, customary
law legal systemit focus with on law of country and organ of the state as provided in article 4 of
the constitution of United Republic of Tanzania legislature, executive and judiciary

According to Mrindo (2019) the Book explain about the law in general, elements of law
characteristics of law sources of law. Also explain about Legal system is a kind of social order
characterized by high degree of institutionalization in the creation of general prescriptions in the
apparatus for adjudicating disputes and in ordering the disposition of force, consists of an
operating set of legal institutions, procedures and rules .

The authors of the book are Shivji G & Majamba I(2004) the title of this book is
constitutional and legal system of Tanzania authors explain more about the organs of the state,
constitutional principles like separation of powers, bill of rights, independence of judicial ,also
explained about the legal system example the meaning of customary law legal system This kind of
legal system which applied in Tanzania and basically it applied only by Islamic people, Islamic
system is the oldest having survived twelve hundred years continuously. Began in Arabia an
underdeveloped, nomadic patrilineal society. The Intellectual capacities and juristic talents of its
architect, the prophet Mohammed

The book have three authors Richard Blundel Eta l (2003) in this book explain about the
effective organizational communication, the types of communication, element of effective
communication, the communication process barriers of communication and others things which
contain in effective organizational communication.

According to Glanville(2013) in this book author deal with the law in general, how to find law
and where to apply the law, and which techniques for the students to be used on purpose to be a
lawyer, also explain about study techniques two kind , for the purpose of answering exams and
for gaining more knowledge’s.

The book of Musyoka (2006) the book contain the law of succession about inheritance of
deceased property, how to distribute their property when died testate or interstate that when a
person died with and without leaving a will what are the rules to apply in distribution of the
deceased assets and liabilities.

The book of Jane Straus (2014) knows as the Blue book of Grammar and punctuation provide
the punctuation marks and how to use it , those are the period, commas, semicolon, colon,
Quotation marks, parentheses and bracket , apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, ellipses, Question
marks exclamation pointsgenerally

CASE
In the case of Tanganyika Garage ltd V Marcell G Mafuruki this case provide the
circumstances to apply the receive law where the court held that where the circumstance in
Tanzania are not provided in a codified laws the judge or magistrate can follow back to the
common law. And another condition is where our local circumstance in Tanzania permits also
the judge can refer to the common law.
STATUTE
The penal code, the law which provide crime and punishments where by when there are breach
of law the punishment are there in order to make justice to all parties, contain offence against
morality, offences relating to administration to justice, offences relating to marriage and
domestic obligations and another offences and their punishment
(2)To Make summary of not more than four pages of section two (2) “Punctuation” and section
three (3) “ capitalization” from an attached book called the blue Book of Grammar and
punctuation

In section 2 of the book of Jane Straus(2014) provide the punctuation marks and how to use it ,
those are the period, commas, semicolon, colon, Quotation marks, parentheses and bracket ,
apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, ellipses, Question marks exclamation points .
Punctuation is the name for marks which used in writing. However when incorrectly place they
can also change the meaning.
Capitalization
Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters
In lowercase. Experienced writers are stingy with capitals. It is best not to use them if there is
Any doubt.
Stating with first aspect the following are the summary contrary in section 2 of the book of the
Blue Books of Grammar and punctuation.
Periods (.)
To make end sentence. A full stop
With abbreviations at the end of a sentence example N.H.I.F stand for National Health Insurance
Fund. Replacing periods with a question and exclamation points.
Also used after initial or titles example Sr. Jumna
Commas (,)
This it indicate a brief pause, also to separate three or more items, to separate adjective also mark
out additional information.
Example: The girl, who is wearing a pink shirt is my sister.
To separate thee or more items example; Cup, eggs and chips
Also used to set off interrupting expressions with name, with date, with city and state.
Also separate two independent clause example and, but, for, no.

Semicolons (;)
Semicolon indicate an audible pause a longer pause a more definite break in the sense more than
comma example; there is for a province, namely, the business of the reporting sport; but
commentary is function for modality.
Used to replace a period in two closely linked sentences with such words as namely, however,
therefore. To avoid confusion where commas already exist with sentences that have multiple
clause.

Colon (:)
Used to introduce series of items. Except when a series of items directly follows a verb or
preposition with list
Two independence clauses when the second explains the first with long quotations

Quotation Marks (“ ”)
Example the sentence “when will you be here?” He asked.
Use of double quotation marks with titles of magazines, books plays. Or with periods and
commas

Parentheses and brackets ( ) [ ]

Parentheses and brackets must never be used interchangeably.
This mark used to enclose information that clarifies or is used as an aside .example Tanzania
president (SAMIA SULUU HASAN)
If material in parentheses ends a sentence the period goes after the parenthesis. Example He gave
me a nice bonus (5000).
Brackets are far less common than parentheses, and they are only used in special cases. Bracket
like single quotation marks are used inclusively within quoted material.
Hyphen (-)
Must never be used interchangeably with dashes
Used in a compound adjective to avoid ambiguity as in first class, example six –feet tall,
Cooper- colored metal
The main purpose is to glue word together. They notify the reader that two or more element in a
sentence are linked. Although there are rules and customs governing hyphens, there are also
situations when writers must decide whether to add them for clarity.
Dashes (_)
Some time it replace the mandatory punctuation, such as the commas after low a and example;
the man from Ames, lowa, arrived. Some writers and publishers prefer spaces around dashes.
Example Joe_ and his trusty mutt _was always welcome.
Ellipses (…)
It indicate an omission. Each period should have single space or either side except when a single
space on either.
Definition and three-dot method. Itused to express hesitation, changes of mood
Example I’m going to the store to get …oh, I, don’t remember
Simply is the punctuation marks which contain of three dots use ellipse when omitting a word,
phrase, line, paragraph or more from a quoted passage. It save space or remove material that is
less relevant.
Question marks (?)
Use the question marks with direct question example will you go with me?
It replace period at the end of sentence. Also use the question marks when sentence is half
statement and half question example you do care, don’t you?
To show emotion, emphasis, or surprises
Exclamation point (!)
This punctuation mark it shows the emotion, emphases or surprise, replacing period.
It used at the end of sentence or short phrase .example happybirthday Amy! Thank you, Sheldon!
I hate you!
Apostrophes (‘)
It used to show possession. To show the possession with a singular noun add an apostrophe plus
the letter s, example a woman’s hat, the boss’s wife,
Second aspect in section 3 of the some book the following are the summary.
Capitalizations
Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters
In lowercase. Experienced writers are stingy with capitals. It is best not to use them if there is
Any doubt.
The main function of capitals is to focus attention on particular elements within any group of
People, places, or things. We can speak of a lake in the middle of the country, or we can be more
Specific and say Lake Michigan, which distinguishes it from every other lake on earth.

Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period.
Capitalize proper nouns—and adjectives derived from proper nouns.
Examples: the Golden Gate Bridge
The Grand Canyon.
With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a
Life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization.
Examples: herculean (from the ancient-Greek hero Hercules).

3:0 CONCLUSION
Generally when prepare any work citation is mandatory on the academic issues a student
required to cite a relevant authority in she/her work because it reduce the risk of plagiarism and
as we know plagiarism is an academic offence and when suspected on that the punishment will
be discontinuation from the studies also after finishing to cite at the end of the work a student
require to write references or bibliography on what cited in the work. And also during prepare
any summary or any work observing the punctuations marks is mandatory because when mislead
to put marks in the specific area may change the specific meaning.
 REFERENCES
STATUTE
The Penal Code 1945 [Cap 16 R.E 2019]
CASE
Tanganyika Garage ltd V. Marcell G Mafuruki [ 1975] LRT 23
BOOKS
Issa .O. (2020), legal system of Tanzania,5th ED.

Mrindo . F. (2019) Introduction to law in mainland Tanzania; Juris publisher Limited,

Musyoka .W. (2006) law of succession, law Africa.

Richard Blundel Eta l (2003), effective organizational communication 4th ED, person Education
Ltd.

Straus .J. (2014) The Blue Book of Grammar and punctuation 11th ED, Jossey –Bass A wiley
Brand .

Shivji,G,I &. Majamba,I,H. (2004)Constitutional and legal system of Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota
Publishers Ltd.

Williams. G. [2013], learning the Laws: 14 E.D, Universal Law Publishing Co.

JOURNAL ARTICLES
Mshana J , (2018) E judiciary , IJA law journal final, volume 1 no 2 Pg 20 42

Mshana J( 2019) E justice in Tanzania , IJA law journal, volume 2 no 1 Pg 1-17

Ubena J.(2008) ,ICT as a solution to delay of cases in the administration of justice in

TanzaniaJTLS volume 2 pg 12 -57