The 1987 Philippine constitution, Section 10, article 14

- Science and Technology are essential for nation development and progress. The state shall give
priority to research and development, inventions, innovation, and their utilization; and the
science and technology, education training and service period. It shall support indigenous,
appropriate and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities and their applications.

Timeline of the Science and Technology in the Philippines

1565 1946 1965 contemporary

1565- pre-colonial period

1946- colonization of Spain, America, and Japan

1965- post-colonization

2021- contemporary

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

- The indigenous people have their own beliefs, culture, and tradition early before the
colonization.
- They have the own belief system of indigenous knowledge
- Their indigenous knowledge keeps them organized, sustained and survived.

They’ve Developed knowledge and skills in: SCIENCE

- Agriculture (planting crops and taking care of animals)

- Food production
- Preparing soil for food production
- Medicinal properties and plants
- Observed heavenly bodies to predict time and weather

They’ve Developed knowledge and skills in: TECHNOLOGY

- Building houses
- Irrigation
- Developing tools for farming, cooking, fishing
- Tools for war conflicts
- Transportation to both land and water
- Musical instruments
 - Different archeological artifacts are found in the different parts of the country, and this proves
that _____ age had significant influence in the lives of early Filipinos.

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

- they brought their own culture and practices

- established schools for boys and girls

- introduced concepts for subjects and discipline

- beginning of formal science and technology in the country – School of Science and Technology

- science is focused in understanding the concepts related to human body, plants, animals, and
heavenly bodies.

- The technology focuses on using and developing house tools for everyday life

- where did the medicine and advanced science introduce formally?

- It is the government monopoly that was supplied by merchant from port see of Fujian who
traveled to Manila to sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, and other commodities.
- During the Spanish period, what country became one of the centers of global trade in Southeast
Asia and was considered to be the most developed places in region?

AMERICAN PERIOD- more influential in expansion of science and technology

- Public education
o BASIC EDUCATION – nature studies and sanitation
o HIGHER EDUCATION – modernized and used improved laboratories
- Improved engineering works and health of the people
- Modern research university
- University of the Philippines
- More public hospitals
- Minerals were explored and exploited
- Public transportations were improved
- They tried to Americanized Philippines

- It is the greatest downfall of the Philippine that destabilize. The said event results to the burned
houses and facilities. What is it?
 - What do you call those persons who was given opportunity to study different disciplines in the
US?

Additional info:

- The reparation funds were focused on building schools, hospitals, highways, transportation
system, technological training and human resource development.

POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

- New republic was made

- Overseas development aid (ODA) was explored to develop human resources, improved science
and technology.

- During his term, many agencies in science and technology were established and strengthened,
including PAGASA. Who is it?

S&T ACHIEVEMENTS EDURING MARCOS GOVERNMENT

- Scientist were sent abroad to study

- Development projects include research and development schools
- National Grains Authority (NGA) was created
- PCAR, PNOC was created
- PAGASA, NAST was established
- The NSTA was recognized into DOST and assigned cabinet level that includes;
o PAGASA- Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
o PHILVOCS- Philippine volcanology and seismology
o PSHS- Philippine science high school system
o STII- science and technology information institute
o SEI- science education institute
o TAPI- technology application and promotion institute
o TRC- technology resource center

S&T IMPROVEMENTS AFTER MARTIAL LAW

- Free public secondary education act of 1988. RA 6655

- Assistance to Filipino inventors
- Enactment of laws regarding S&T

FIDEL V. RAMOS

- 12th president of the Philippines

 - 3,000 competent scientists and engineers
- Doctor to the barrio program
- National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology- for students who
wants to major science and engineering
- Laws and statutes related to S&T sector were mandated
o RA 7687
o RA 7459
o RA 8293
-

JOSEPH ESTRADA

- 13th president of the Philippines

o RA 8749
o RA 8792
o Cost effective irrigation technologies and basic health care system

BENIGNO SIMEON AQUINO

- 15th president
- PROJECT NOAH- deal with disasters
- K12 curriculum system
- Valley Fault System Atlas (VFSA)

RODRIGO DUTERTE

- S&T is the priority based on budget for research and development

- DOST put the results of R&D in commercialization
- Philippine Space Technology Program

Q- what are the internal and external influences in the development of Science and Technology in the
Philippines?

LESSON 2.2

- AmBisyon Natin 2040

- 3 pillars
QUESTIONNAIRE;

1. What government agency provides funds for basic research and patents related to S&T and
provides scholarship for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of S&T.
2. What is the government program on establishing the national center of excellence,
workforce and institutional development programs, regional centers to support specific
industries, and business centers?
3. What are the four variable that influence the development of science and technology?
4. Described the Republic Act below:
o RA 6969- toxic substance and hazardous nuclear waste act of 1990
o RA 7305- magna carta act on public health
o RA 8293- intellectual property code
o RA 8749 – clean air act
o RA 10055- the Philippines technology transfer act
o RA 10532- Philippine national health research system
o RA 10612- fast-tracked s&t scholarship act
o RA 10535- balik scientist act
o RA 6655- free public secondary education

5. He is a Filipino scientist known for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine
mangoes
6. Filipino scientist known for inventing meconium drug testing
7. Known for observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using satellite images.
8. Known for research on tilapia culture
9. Known for research on sea snail venom
10. Field of communication technology
11. Plant biotechnology
12. Outstanding educator and graph theorist
13. Electrical engineering
14. Pshysicist
15. A school known as science paradise for agriculture forestry, plant and animal science, and
veterinary science
16. A school known as national center for marine science, fisheries
17. A school known as center of excellence and produced many researchers, doctors, health
professionals and scientists
18. A school that established national science and engineering complex to develop more
research and produce more scientists and engineers
LESSON 2.3

- Science education is focused on ____, ___, ____.

- This involves developing ways on how to effectively teach science. This means exploring
pedagogical theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific concepts and process
effectively.
- The best way for kids to learn science is to ____,
- This involves developing and applying science-process skills. Using science literacy in
understanding the natural world and activities in everyday life.
- “The importance of utilizing the natural environment to teach students to provide wealth of
meaning through social activities and thinking.” By?
- “Science is going to be one of the most important school subjects in the future.”
- DESCRIBE science in BASIC EDUCATION
- DESCRIBE science in TERTIARY EDUCATION
- What school does remains as top university in the Philippines in terms of the number of science
degree programs.
- The DOST scholarship program is mandated under RA _____
- It is a government program for gifted students in the Philippines. And a service institute of the
DOST whose mandate is to offer a free scholarship basis for the secondary course with special
emphasis on science. RA ____
- DESCRIBE the Science schools in the Philippines
o Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
o Regional Science High School
o Special Science Elementary School (SSES)
- It is the home and pioneer of the prominent school-based innovation known as the Dynamic
Learning Program
- It is the first science high school in the Philippines established on October 1, 1963. It aims to
produce scientists with souls.
- This is a program that develops the capacity of schools and teachers to teach science through
mobile school laboratories inquiry-based science curriculum, hands-on training and technology
use trials.
- This project aims to modernize school laboratories through the development and integration of
new instruments and technologies.
- This refers to the digital library containing science materials which can be accessed by
educational institution off-line.
- This project aims to search for outstanding and most innovative teaching methods and learning
materials for science.

LESSON 2.4
- - inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists.
originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
- refers to the understandings, skills and philosophies developed by societies with long histories
of interaction with their natural surroundings. Alternative ideas in explaining various
phenomena and in explaining the world
- this refers to the foundation of indigenous science wherein it is orally passed.
- a tropical storm that occurs late in the year and usually coincides with the immigration of the
bird locally know as ____. – Benguet PUWEK NI KILING
- this refers to the mythical fish
- HERBOLARIOS
- TUOB- steamed therapy
- Anino plant- used by Ati
- 10 herbal medicines approved by DOH- SANTALUBBY
- Cured and aged slab of pork; An indigenous smoked or sun-dried salted slab of pork.
- – Anti-fungal, Ringworm, Athlete’s foot, scabies
- – Bitter melon – lowers blood sugar, diabetes (mild non-insulin dependent)
- – For hypertension, toothache, lowers cholesterol levels in the blood
- – washing wounds, toothache, diarrhea
- – asthma and cough, fever, colds & pain, skin diseases and wounds, headache,
- insect bites, rheumatism, aromatic bath for sick patients.
- – anti-helmintic (used to expel parasitic worms) bawal sa 4 years and below
- (eaten raw - seeds)
- (lakad bulan) – anti-edema, diuretic, anti0urolithiasis NOTE: Sambong is not a
- medicine for kidney infection --- DIARRHEA
- – Diarrhea and stomach ache
- Pansit-pansitan– lowering uric acid (gout and rheumatism)
- (Spanish name) (good herb) – Pains (body, head, stomach), rheumatism,
- arthritis, cough and cold, swollen gums, toothache, menstrual and gas pain, nausea,
- fainting, insect bites
- Some examples of indigenous knowledge that are
- taught and practiced by the indigenous people are:
1. Prediction of Weather
2. Using Herbal Medicines
3. Preserving Foods
4. Classifying Plants and Animals into Families
5. Selecting Good Seeds for Planting
6. Using indigenous technology
7. Building local irrigation systems
8. Classifying different types of soil for planting
9. Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits
10. Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables
- a technique of rotational farming in which land is cleared for cultivation (normally by fire) and
then left to regenerate after a few years.
- Agricultural cycle: Pendupi, Miyan, Pemeres
- pendupi,from June to September, characterized by winds blowing from the southwest; miyan,
from December to January, a time of winds and northeast monsoon rains; and pemeres, from
March to April, the hot and dry season.
- Orion is located on the celestial equator and can be seen throughout the world.
- Sometimes they go hunting without the dogs and are armed only with a small light spear called
sumbiring (about 3 feet long having 1 cm. shaft with a barbed point) especially effective for
monkeys.
- Tapey is a rice wine produced in the Philippines. It is a traditional beverage originated from
Banaue and the Mountain Province, where it is used for important occasions such as weddings,
rice harvesting ceremonies, fiestas, and cultural fairs.
- IPRA- INDIGENOUS PROPLE’S RIGHT ACT OF 1997 – RA 8371
- is the original knowledge of local communities in studying natural phenomena based on
observations produce product, attitudes, and scientific in processes in accordance with the
culture and location of the community.
- INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
o USES SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL
- Such as observing, comparing, classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring,
communicating, and predicting
o GUIDED BY COMMUNITY CULTURE AND VALUES
- Human beings are stewards or trustees of the land and other natural resources. They have a
responsibility to preserve it. Nature is a friend to human beings – it needs respect and proper
care.
o COMPOSED OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
- Practiced and valued people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine,
indigenous farming methods, and folk astronomy.
- According to Johnston (2000), indigenous beliefs also develop desirable values namely;
- 1.MOTIVATING ATTITUDES
- 2.COOPERATING ATTITUDES
- 3.PRACTICAL ATTITUDES
- 4.REFLECTIVE ATTITUDES
- Indigenous science is important in that it helped the people understand the natural
environment and in coping with everyday life.