GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION

ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS Lines may also be classified into three groups:
The elements of visual arts:  lines which follow or repeat one another
1. Line  lines which contrast with one another
2. Color  transitional lines which modify or soften
3. Texture the effect of others
4. Perspective COLOR
5. Space  Of all the elements of art, color has the most
6. Form aesthetic appeal.
7. Volume  Color is a property of light. When light goes out,
8. Light & Shadow color goes with it.
 The color of an object is determined by the rays
LINE which are reflected to the eyes of the beholder.
 Line is an important element at the disposal of
every artist. THREE DIMENSIONS OF COLOR
 Lines always have direction. 1. Hue- is the dimension of color that gives color
 Lines, as used in any work of art, may either be its name. When we say the flower is yellow, we
straight or curved. are naming its hue. Blue, red, and yellow are the
 The straight line moves in one direction only. It primary hues. The secondary hues are orange,
may either be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. green, and violet.
2. Value- sometimes called chiaroscuro, refers to
5 TYPES OF LINE the lightness or darkness of a color. They give
1. Horizontal Lines the expression of depth and solidity and lend
 are lines of repose and serenity. They form to paintings.
express ideas of calmness and 3. Intensity- is the third dimension of color. It
quiescence refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It
 are found in reclining persons, in gives color strength.
landscapes, calm bodies of water and
in the distant meeting of the earth and TWO KINDS OF COLOR HARMONIES
sky in what is commonly called the 1. Related color harmonies
horizon.  These may either be monochromatic or
2. Vertical Lines adjacent. Monochromatic harmony is
 are lines poised for action. They made up of several tones of one hue,
suggest poise, balance, force, like for instance orange, tan, brown, and
aspiration, exaltation and dynamism. other tones from the orange family.
 Vertical lines seen in a man standing 2. Contrasted color harmonies
straight, a tall tree, and statues of saints  Colors which lie directly opposite each
and heroes give an impression of other in the color circle are called
dignity. complementary colors. Red and green,
3. Diagonal Lines orange and blue, violet and yellow are
 suggest action, life, and movement. complementary colors.
They give animation to any composition
in which they appear. PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
 Almost every object in action assumes a  Black, for example, is associated with
diagonal line. death and gloom
4. Curved Lines  White stands for purity and innocence.
 suggest grace, subtleness, direction,  Blue is the color of heaven
movement, instability, flexibility,  Red is associated with blood. Red
joyousness, and grace. signifies anger and provokes fear. Red
 They are never harsh or stern since they impels people to action.
are formed by a gradual change in  Orange helps a person be assertive.
direction.  Green, the color of nature, promotes the
5. Crooked or Jagged Lines feeling of well- being.
 express energy, violence, conflict, and
struggle.

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GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

MEANINGS OF COLORS CONVEYED BY THE

ROSE a. Circle: a series of points arranged equally and
"The Language of Roses," says: Red is for 'I love you'; balanced about a point
pink conveys a "Thank you', white says 'you are b. Triangle: a plane figure that is bounded by three
heavenly'; coral speaks of desire. sides, and having three angles
TEXTURE c. Square: A plane figure that has four equal sides
 color element that deals more directly with the and four right angles
sense of touch which could be:
-rough to develop our ability to recognize these shapes or
-smooth forms is to see objects around us as having a particular
-fine or coarse color, texture or tone.
-shiny or dull
-plain or irregular VOLUME
- refers to the amount of space occupied in three
 It can add richness and vitality to paintings dimension. It therefore refers to solidity or thickness.
 It makes gradation of color possible
 An illusion (you feel what you see) VALUES OF COLOR
 19th and 20th century including those made by - Value is the lightness or darkness of color. Value is the
Cezzane and Picasso emphasized texture by amount of light in an object. A surface that absorbs all
purposely making portions of the paintings rough. colors or light rays will appear black. A surface that
reflects all colors equally will appear white.
 Paintings exhibit texture through:
-skin PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF VALUES COLOR
-clothes - The effects of color values are similar to those in dark-
-jewelry and-light. Light values or tints make the size of objects
-furniture appear larger because these values reflect light.
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PERSPECTIVE ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS
-deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance MUSIC
of objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial - Music, as an auditory art, uses a particular language to
relationships know its elements in order to understand the musician's
mode or technique of manipulating sounds in order to
2 KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE create meanings. The elements of music are: rhythm,
1. Linear Perspective melody, harmony, tempo, dynamics, and timbre
-involves the direction of lines and the size of
objects ELEMENTS OF MUSIC:
-shows the effect of space and distance by
using converging lines and diminishing size • Rhythm
- is the basic element of music, the beginning of music.
2. Aerial Perspective It is the variation of length and accentuation of a series
-represents relative distances of objects by of sounds. There is rhythm in nature: in the swaying of
gradations of tone and color. trees, in the drops of rain and the movement of water
-objects become fainter in the distance due to waves.
the effect to the atmosphere
• Melody
SPACE - is the second important element of music. If rhythm is
-space allows you to see the exterior of a building as it associated with physical motion, melody is associated
appears in space, whereas the interior is seen by one with mental motion. It is sometimes called the memory
who is inside an enclosing space. element because it is always remembered by a listener.
It refers to pitches or tones sounded one after another in
FORM a logical meaningful series. It is also defined as
-it describes the structure or shape of an object and succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give a
directs the movement of the eyes musical sense. Tones may go up or down or remain on
-consists of size and volume, it signifies visual the same level. Melody is an organized group of pitches
weight. strung out sequentially to form a satisfying musical
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GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

entity. Melody occurs in various guises and 3. Theatrical dances - are performed for the
circumstances and is heard in terms of pitch. entertainment of the audience in a theater.
Examples are ballet, modern dance, musical
• Pitch comedy dance, and tap dancing.
- indicates the highness or lowness of sound and is
determined solely by the frequency of molecular THE DANCE AND IT’S ELEMENTS
vibrations. Thus, the slower the vibration, the lower the  Theme
pitch and the faster the vibration, the higher the pitch.  Design
 Movement
• Harmony  Technique
- refers to the manner of sound combination wherein  Music
we add subordinate sounds to enhance the quality of  Costume and body paraphernalia
the main sounds.  Choreography
 Scenery
• Tiempo
- refers to the speed of a certain musical piece. It is LITERTURE
measured by a device by the musical notes given half or - Literature is one of the arts that is expressive of human
full values. Tiempo maybe slow, quick, or moderate feelings. It shows well-expressed ideas of feelings
Examples: waltz, swing, foxtrot, cha-cha, boogie, tango, through symbolic presentation, usually through short
body language, rhumba. stories, poetry, drama or play, essay, among others.

• largo - very slow CLASSIFICATION OF LITERATURE

• adagio - slow and stately  Escape Literature - is for entertainment purposes,
• adante - at a walking space that is, to help us pass the time in an agreeable
• adantino - alternatively faster or slower than adante manner of life. Escape literature enables us to
• allegreto - moderately fast temporarily forget our troubles
• allegro - fast  Interpretative Literature - enables us to
• presto - very fast understand our troubles. The object of escape
•accelerandro-gradually becoming faster literature is pleasure while the object of
interpretative literature is pleasure plus
• Dynamics - refers to the amount, strength, or volume understanding.
of the sound. It is the degree and variation of sonority
and force with which the nusic is played from soft to USES OF LITERATURE
loud.  For moral values - the purpose of literature is to
present moral values for the reader to understand
• Timbre - refers to the tone quality. This element helps and appreciate; the moral values may be directly or
differentiate one type of voice from another or one indirectly stated.
instrument from another.  For propaganda - This kind of literature is found
not only in history books and advertising and
DANCE marketing books but also in some books describing
- Dancing is an art and a recreation. As an art, it tells a one's personal success and achievements in life.
story, a set of moods, or expresses an emotion. Dances  For therapeutic value - It could be looked on as a
vary in form. Some forms of dances are religious dance, sophisticated modern elaboration of the idea of
magical dance, commemorative dance, ceremonial catharsis - an emotional relief experienced by the
dance, recreative dance and testimonial dance. reader thereby helping him recover from a previous
pent-up emotion.
TYPES OF DANCES
1. Folk dance/Ethnic - dances are social dances that GENERAL ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
portray the beliefs, interest, habits, customs, and Writers Objective:
practices of the native. 1. To strive in raising the level of the reader's
2. Ballroom dances - are dances of public humanity and
entertainment, usually in pairs in ballrooms, 2. To accomplish the purpose of making a man a
nightclubs, auditoriums or in public places. better person, giving him a high sense of value.
Examples: waltz, swing, foxtrot, cha-cha, boogie, tango, The important elements of literature are:
body language, rhumba. 1. Emotional appeal
GROUP-2 AMADOR, BETANZOR, ESTONIO, FRANCISCO, VILLACARILLO BSN 3-F 3
GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

2. Intellectual appeal And acres of ground away from trees,

3. Humanistic value
Emotional appeal is attained when the reader is And one hundred yards of clean, strong string—
emotionally moved or touched by any literary work O boy, O boy! I call that spring!

SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY
1. Plot
2. Characters 2. Tone:
3. Point Of View
4. Setting  The atmosphere, feeling, attitude, or stance of
5. Theme the poet.
6. Irony  Examples: serious, ironic, bitter, joyful, resigned.
 Dramatic
 Situitional 3. Imagery:
 Verbal  The representation of sense experience or the
7. Symbolism total sensory suggestion of poetry.
8. Style
 Includes visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and
bodily images.
Elements of Poetry  The poet uses imagery to reinforce thoughts with
concrete words.
* Poetry: A branch of the humanities that expresses
 An "image" is the mental duplication of a sense
thoughts and feelings imaginatively and figuratively,
impression.
usually in verse form.
 The most common imagery is visual.
* Theme: Generally personal, focusing on love, death,  Rhythm and Meter in Poetry
frustration, hatred, faith, human suffering, culture, and
4. Sounds:
traditions.
 Pleasant: Full, open vowel sounds.
* Elements:
 Unpleasant: Short, abrupt vowel sounds.
1. Language 5. Rhythm and Meter:
 Related to the "beats of our hearts" and
 Denotative language: The actual meaning of a the "flow of air from our lungs."
word.  Rhythm: The regular and irregular
 Connotative language: The implied or associated patterns of stressed and unstressed
meanings of a word. syllables.
 Poetic language: Considers diction, vocabulary,  Metrical stress: The accents that are
and level (simple or conventional). arranged to occur at approximately
 Figurative language: Uses figures of speech like equal intervals of time.
simile and metaphor.  Metered language: A verse.
 Structure and rhythm: Imposed by the  End rhyme: The same final sound of
arrangement of sounds. words at the end of lines.
 Free Verse: A type of poetry that does
Example:
not follow a regular meter or rhyme
 The word "home" denotes a place where one scheme.
lives. 6. Thought or Meaning in Poetry
 Its connotation suggests warmth, comfort,  Thought or meaning: The experience
security, love, and other associated meanings. the poem expresses (how it feels).
 Total meaning: The idea in the poem, a
Poem: portion of the total experience it
communicates.
Kite Days
 Prose meaning: The value and worth of
Poem by Mark Sawyer the poem, the total experience it
communicates.
A kite, a sky, and a good firm breeze, 7. Shape of the Poem

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GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

 Shape: The pattern of arrangement to portray Filipinos as good lovers who

of the words on the page. are serious when in love but brave
 Stanzas: Most poems consist of enough to handle frustration
lines grouped into stanzas, each lightheartedly. This attitude is based on
with distinct features of thought their desire to harmonize with nature
similar to a paragraph. through equilibrium-maintenance
8. Speaker (pagkakapantay, di-pagkatalo).
a) Speaker: The voice that talks to the
readers.
b) Identification: May identify Elements of the Novel
themselves as "I" and "me" or
remain in the background. Novel: A long work of prose fiction that deals with
c) Relationship to poet: May or may characters, situations, and scenes representing real life.
not be the poet or author/writer. The setting and action are presented in a plot.

Purpose of Fiction:
Elements of the Essay
 To provide moral lessons.
Essay: A literary composition on a particular subject.  To bring pleasure.

 Characteristics: Elements of a Novel:

a) Usually short.
b) Expresses the author's personal 1.Setting:
thoughts, feelings, experiences,  Covers time, place, and background.
or observations.  Involves geography and the climate of
c) Focuses on a phase of life that beliefs, habits, and values of a region
has interested the author. and historical period.
d) Subjects include biography,  Emphasizes a specific locality (e.g.,
history, travel, art, nature, Chinatown in Sta. Cruz, Manila in
personal life, and criticism.
Edgardo Reyes' "Sa Mga Kuko Ng
 Types: Liwanag").
a) Informal: Light, humorous, and  Must be consistent with the story.
entertaining.
b) Formal: Heavy, informative, and
intellectually stimulating.
2. Plot:
Elements of an Essay:
The structure or framework that gives shape and
1. Issue Introduced: The main proportion to the novel. It's the order of events or
topic or problem discussed in happenings in the novel.
the essay. This reflects the
author's actual purpose.  Conflict: An important element of the plot. It can
2. Writer's Viewpoint and be caused by:
Thought: The author's  The physical environment (e.g.,
perspective on the issue and hostile nature)
their final stance (whether they  The social environment (e.g.,
are for or against it). conventions, customs, traditions)
3. Relevance to the Reader:  Other characters
How the issue relates to the  A physical, emotional, or mental
reader's life. This includes their handicap within the main character
perception, responsiveness,  To understand the plot better,
and enjoyment of the theme. analyze the ideals, motives,
ambitions, or aspirations of the
 Example: Visitacion de la Torre's essay main characters.
is an informal essay because it treats
the issue lightly and humorously, and Examples:
the style is entertaining. The purpose is
GROUP-2 AMADOR, BETANZOR, ESTONIO, FRANCISCO, VILLACARILLO BSN 3-F 5
GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

* In Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," the Structure of the Plot:

hero's sole motive is to regain the love of Daisy
Buchanan.  Exposition/Introduction: The author introduces
* In Edgardo M. Reyes' "Sa Mga Kuko Ng the characters and provides information about
Liwanag," Julio's main objective is to find his earlier events and the current situation.
sweetheart, Ligaya.  Inciting Action: The situation moves toward a
turning point.
3.Theme: The universal truth found in the novel, similar  Rising Action: The part of the complication
to the subject of a painting. It's the main idea or topic. leading to the crisis.
 Crisis or Turning Point: A crucial moment where
Elements of the Novel (continued) choices and decisions lead to inevitable
4. Characters: The moving spirit of the novel. They not consequences.
only act but also manifest moral, emotional, and  Falling Action: Incidents that follow the turning
intellectual qualities. point without a decrease in intensity.
 Denouement or Resolution: Clarifies and relaxes
Categorization: the tension, resolving the story.
 Morality: Distinguishes between good and bad 2. Characters/Dramatic Personae
characters. Characters: Make-believe persons who are either
 Personality: A more modern concept that protagonists or antagonists. Their personalities
includes speech, hairstyle, hobbies, attitude are revealed through their appearance, speech,
toward work, and complex attitudes and feelings actions, and what other characters say about
that define the individual. them.
 Importance: Character as personality is crucial in  Importance: Characters must be shaped to fit the
literature because people are inherently needs of the plot, and all aspects of their
interesting, as most authors have discovered. characterization must be consistent. If the
characters don't seem real, the play won't hold
Elements of Drama the audience's interest. Believability comes from
understanding their personalities and motivations.
Drama: A presentation made up of words, sounds, and  Characters:
actions of characters. o Credibility: The playwright must make
the characters believable to the
 Forms: Some dramas are in the form of poetry, audience.
but all must be performed or acted out. o Roles:
Aspects:  Protagonist: The main character
who tries to resolve the problem.
 Drama as a script: A dialogue read by the actors.  Conflict: The protagonist often
 Drama as a play: The script brought to life faces external conflicts with
through the director's interpretation and acted forces outside themselves or
out by participants. internal conflicts within
themselves.
Types:

 Tragedy: A story of struggle against 3. Conflict: A struggle or clash of wills in drama.

circumstances and sufferings. 4. Irony: A discrepancy between the expected and
 Comedy: A story of achievement, self-deception, actual, or the apparent and real.
or an optimistic view of life.
5. Theme or Idea: The dramatic situation that may be
taken from the Bible, myth, legend, history, or
anything familiar to the audience. It's the meaning of
Elements of Drama the story, a conviction about the real world, and can
be complex with contradictory evaluations.
1. Plot
Plot: The soul of the drama, or its summary. It's
concerned with what happens in the story and  Stated vs. Enacted Theme: The stated theme is
the overall structure of the play. the heart of the play, while the enacted theme is
conveyed throughout the plot.

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GECC8: ARTS APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

6. Climax: The scene or incident that is the  Organization: Costumes should be

culmination of accumulated suspense and stirs the hung together and tagged in a specific
most intense emotions. It's the turning point of the dressing area.
story and the most elaborately presented scheme in  * Dressing Crew: A dressing crew from
a full-length play. The climax is different from other the costume committee should be
big scenes due to its greater intensity and its available to assist actors.
structural relationship to the denouement and  * Timing: The make-up crew should
development. have plenty of time to work after each
actor is dressed.
7. Music and Spectacle in Drama Make-up:
Music and Spectacle: A theater convention that  Not explicitly mentioned in this excerpt,
contributes to the overall appeal of drama and but it is generally considered another
shows the relationship between the script, actor, important element of drama.
audience, author, producer, society, genre, stage,  Can be used to enhance the
and others. appearance of characters, create
 Types of Music: specific looks, or emphasize emotions.
o Background music  Preparing for a Drama Production:
o Music of speech Make-up
o Music of movement
 Make-up Area:
 * Organization: Everything in the make-
 Effect of Spectacle: Intensifies emotions,
up area should have its designated
whether they are vitality, terror, or
place and be covered when not in use.
sorrow.
 * Hygiene: Make-up pencils should be
 Historical Use:
sharp, sponges should be clean, and
o Greek Dramas: Music and
materials like grease paint should be
spectacle were integral parts of
replaced before they run out.
their performances. Choirs
9. Dialogue: The conversation between and among
danced and sang choral odes.
the characters of the drama.
o Aristophanes' Comedies:
10. Setting, Scenery, and Lighting:
Called for spectacular
Scenery: Furniture, painted backdrops, or large
costumes, especially for choirs
props should appear real. Simple scenery can be
playing roles like frogs, clouds,
effective, as the audience's imagination can fill in
or birds.
the details.
o Shakespeare: Frequently used
music in his plays. The Lighting: Proper lighting can enhance the realism of the
Elizabethan playhouse had a play. Consider brightness, color, and direction. Daytime
gallery reserved for musicians. or nighttime? Gay or mysterious?
o Modern Productions:
Increasingly use music and  Color:
spectacle in productions of o Bright colors (white, yellow, amber,
Greek and Elizabethan plays. pink): Happy and cheerful
o Dull colors (blue, green): Cold effect
8. Costumes and Make-up in Drama o Mysterious colors (red, purple)
Costumes:  Safety: Stage lighting is always electrical,
 *Should be comfortable and securely and only assigned and responsible persons
put together so the performer doesn't should handle the equipment. Open flames
have to worry about them while are never used on stage.
wearing them.  Importance of Reading Literary Works
 All parts of each costume should be
checked before the dress rehearsal. Literary works of art like poetry, short stories, novels,
essays, and plays are valuable because they not only
Preparing for a Drama Production: entertain and give pleasure but also teach us moral
Costumes values that can improve our lives. Reading literary works
helps us acquire knowledge and information about
human progress and achievement, serving as inspiration.

GROUP-2 AMADOR, BETANZOR, ESTONIO, FRANCISCO, VILLACARILLO BSN 3-F 7