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C MMM

The anatomical position is standing erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward. Sections of the body are made along imaginary cut lines called planes, including sagittal (lengthwise), frontal (anterior/posterior), and transverse (horizontal). The body cavities are divided into dorsal and ventral cavities. The ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity with lungs and heart protected by ribs, and the abdominopelvic cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs. Serous membranes line body cavities and cover organs, with fluid-filled spaces that reduce friction between organs and cavity walls.

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Gellie Bautista
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26 views3 pages

C MMM

The anatomical position is standing erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward. Sections of the body are made along imaginary cut lines called planes, including sagittal (lengthwise), frontal (anterior/posterior), and transverse (horizontal). The body cavities are divided into dorsal and ventral cavities. The ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity with lungs and heart protected by ribs, and the abdominopelvic cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs. Serous membranes line body cavities and cover organs, with fluid-filled spaces that reduce friction between organs and cavity walls.

Uploaded by

Gellie Bautista
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In studying about the body, always assumed that the body is in a standard position called anatomical position.

The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward. Stand up and assume the anatomical position. Notice that it is similar to standing at attention but is less comfortable because the palms are held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing away from the body rather than hanging cupped toward the thighs.

Body Planes and Sections Since anatomy came from Greek words tomy meaning to cut and ana meaning apart, students prepare and find it necessary to look at internal structures of the body by making a section or cut. When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called a plane. Sagital section- is a cut made along lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into left and right parts. Midsagittal or median section- is a cut made down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size. Frontal section or coronal section- is a cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Transverse section or cross section- is a cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts.

Body Cavities Dorsal Body Cavity 1 Subdivisions: 1. Cranial cavity is the space inside the bony skull. 2. Spinal cavity- extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column. Ventral Body Cavity contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen, that is visceral organs in those regions. Subdivisions: 1. Thoracic Cavity- it is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome-shaped cavity muscle which is the diaphragm. The organs in the thoracic cavity like the lungs, heart are somewhat protected by the rib cage. The mediastinum separates the lungs into right and left cavities. 2. Abdominopelvic cavity- the cavity inferior to the diaphragm. It is subdivided into the abdominal cavity(stomach , liver, intestines, others) and pelvic cavity (reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum).

Serous Membranes Serous membranes line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities. The cavity or space between the visceral, and parietal serous membrane is normally filled with a thin, lubricating film of serous fluid produced by the membrane. As an organ rubs against another organ or against the body wall, the serous fluid and smooth serous membranes function to reduce friction.

Pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart contains pericardial fluid. Pleural cavity surrounds each lung contains pleural fluid. The abdominopelvic cavity contains a serous membrane lined cavity called peritoneal cavity which contains peritoneal fluid. The serous membranes can become inflamed usually as a result of infection. Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, and peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum.

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