BMS Interview Questions and Answers - BMS System

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BMS Interview questions and answers


October 8, 2020 by Hamza

I have listed some basic interview questions and answers for building
automation industry and I used to update this post frequently.

Based on the companies, Job requirements; technical interview


Contactquestions
us
will be varied.
If you are fresher and looking for a job in BMS industry in entry-level
positions, then these questions will be helpful for you and they will try to
assess you whether you can able to learn and work in BMS industry and
not expect you as an expert in BMS related knowledge, instead, they will
check whether you showing interest and ready to learn BMS.

If you are experienced in BMS already and looking for further career
development, Then the questions will be based on the product knowledge
already has, and other non-technical questions like salary package,
communications, attitude, team player and other soft-skills.

In upcoming my next post, let me try to write detailed about the how to get
the jobs in the various industry as entry-level and experienced level by
understanding the various expectation of employers/interviewers
especially in automation Engineer field. Keep in touch/Subscribe with this
blog to get further updates.

In this post I have listed/limited/expected some basic technical BMS


interview questions and answers(Google/Wikipedia it) for better
understanding.

Checkout some important blog content before you go to interview for


some ideas about BMS.

Read more :

Understand the Basic concept of BMS system

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Building Management System course 
Understand the BACnet Protocol

What is DDC or Direct Digital Controller in BMS System?

This following BMS interview questions and answer purely focused on


testing and commissioning engineer, or related to field works positions.

For other roles like designing, Estimations, Project engineer; In addition to


the below questions, the technical expectation will be different.

What is the BMS System?

BMS otherwise called as BAS or building automation. It is a computer-


based control system which reduces the manpower, automate the system,
and saving the energy consumption in buildings by monitoring and
controlling the mechanical and electrical equipment in modern-day
buildings or any industrial plants.

What is the main component of the BMS System?

Hardware

DDC-Direct digital controller


Sensors
Actuators
Cables to connect sensors, actuators to DDC.
HMI display-Human machine interface.
PC Workstation
Server to save the large database.
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Software

Programming or configuration tools.


Graphics or User interface.

Networking protocols

TCP/IP– Transfer control protocols/Internet Protocol.


BACnet– Building automation controller network-ASHRAE
Modbus
LONworks
CANbus
and numerous protocols available.

What is the purpose of the BMS System?

Monitoring and controlling the field equipment.


To reduce manpower in the building.
To provide comfort and healthcare for the building the tenants.
To maintain the mechanical and electrical equipment in the
buildings.
Record all the events occurs in building machines and raise alarm if
any malfunction happens.

What are the basic features of BMS Software?

Log the events


Alarms.
Reporting Contact us
Scheduling. 
Graphics.

Block diagram of BMS Architecture

Management Level: This is the front end for operator and engineer used to
visualise the graphics for controlling and monitoring the systems which
have computer workstation, server, web browser, printers.

Automation Level: BMS Router and other main controllers connected in


building network integrate the third-party system and connect BMS
devices.

Field devices Level: this is Level where BMS controllers connect to field
systems sensors, actuators, and other panel circuits to monitor and
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control. 
What is Trend log?

Trend log records and displays the behaviour of an input or output


associated with BMS.

Trend logs help you troubleshoot problem areas and identify critical
operating trends in your system. For example, log the temperature in a
room to see if the system is keeping it within desired set points.

What is the Alarm?

Alarms monitor equipment or environments in a building and alert


someone when conditions are outside the defined normal range.

What is Report?

We can generate a report for any type of alarm, Trend log or events in the
required format for over a period of time

What is Scheduling?

Schedules are a type of object in BMS Controllers and it can be configured


to start and stop the machines pre-defined time.

Schedules enable you to plan system operations based on time of day,


special events, and holidays. The combination of a standard, holiday, and
event schedule is called a schedule set.

What are the optimum Starts?

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Optimum start adjusts the heating or cooling start time in an attempt to
bring zone temperatures to the appropriate setpoint for occupancy. For
example, you want the classrooms in your school to be at a comfortable
temperature (their individual set points) before class begins. You can do
this by first setting up each classroom as a zone and linking a schedule to
each zone.

Then, you set up an optimum start for each zone (classroom). Optimum
start calculates when to start warming or cooling the classrooms based
on the settings you define.

What is Micro-controllers?

A microcontroller is an integrated circuit (IC) which is small, low cost and


self-contained computer designed to handle a specific task in embedded
systems. In simple words, a microcontroller (MCU or Microcontroller Unit)
is a small computer integrated into a single chip.

What is Resistors?

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that


implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.

What is Ohms law?

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points
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is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing

the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the usual
mathematical equation that describes this relationship

What is Relay?

Relays are the switches which aim at closing and opening the circuits
electronically as well as electromechanically. It controls the opening and
closing of the circuit contacts of an electronic circuit. When the relay
contact is open (NO), the relay isn’t energized with the open contact.
However, if it is closed (NC), the relay isn’t energize given the closed
contact. However, when energy (electricity or charge) is supplied, the
states are prone to change

What is DDC Controllers?

DDC is a controller which use the analogue or digital signals from various
devices of a field sensor and actuators and then process and control the
system based on the program written inside the controllers and has the
capability to sends the information to another controller or DDC.

Digital Input – DI

Digital inputs are binary inputs (0 or 1) that are applied to the DDC. Binary
inputs are basically voltages, varying from 5V to 230V depending upon the
type of card used. In simple words, any push-button, switches or sensors
produces digital inputs to a DDC. Digital inputs are used to check the
status of any devices whether it is ON or OFF. For an Input module of
24Vdc, 0Vdc acts as OFF state (Binary 0) and 24Vdc acts as ON state
(Binary 1).
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Digital Output – DO

Digital outputs are binary outputs (0 or 1) from the DDC. It is a processed


control output from the DDC to the field. It is used to ON or OFF any piece
of field equipment. DO is like a contact of a relay when the
preprogrammed conditions are satisfied the contacts are closed. DO can
be used to operate solenoid valves, relays, indicating lamps or as a
command to any other devices.

Analog Input – AI

Analog input is a continuous input from the field to the DDC. Unlike digital
signals, is not a constant voltage signal. It can vary depending on the field
conditions. The commonly used analogue signals are 4-20mA signal and
0-10Vdc Signal. Depending on the field conditions the input signal can vary
between 4-20mA or 0-10Vdc. For Example, if you are monitoring a
pressure of water flowing through a pipe using a pressure transmitter of
range 0-10 Bar, the transmitter will give a signal between 0 and 10V
proportional to the pressure in the pipe.

Analog Output – AO

Analogue output is a continuous output from DDC to the field devices. For
example, if you have a variable frequency drive and you want to give a
speed reference signal to it you can use analogue output. Otherwise, if you
are measuring the pressure using analogue input as explained above and
you would like to display it on an analogue meter you can use an analogue
output of DDC.

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Read more on https://www.electricalclassroom.com/digital-i-o-and-
analog-i-o/

What is meant by Frequency?

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of


time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency, which emphasizes the
contrast to spatial frequency and angular frequency. Frequency is
measured in units of hertz (Hz) which is equal to one occurrence of a
repeating event per second.

what is Pulse width modulation?

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power


applications, as well as being fairly easy to convert back to analogue with
a minimum of hardware.

One of the parameters of any square wave is duty cycle. Most square
waves are 50%, this is the norm when discussing them, but they don’t have
to be symmetrical. The ON time can be varied completely between the
signal being off to being fully on, 0% to 100%, and all ranges between.

Shown below are examples of a 10%, 50%, and 90% duty cycle. While the
frequency is the same for each, this is not a requirement.

Image
Credit:https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-
11/pulse-width-modulation/

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What are Open-loop and closed-loop control system? 
Open Loop Control System

In the open-loop control system, the output does not affect the control
action of the system. In other words, the system whose working depends
on time is known as the open-loop control system. The open-loop system
is free from the feedback. Let’s understand this with the help of the few
examples.

Example 1: Consider the clothes dryer whose control action is done


manually by the operator. Depending on the wetness of the clothes
suppose the operator set the timer for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes the
timer will stop even after the clothes are wet.

The dryer stops working even if the desired output is not obtained. This
shows that the system has no feedback. Here clothes dryer is the example
of the open-loop system and the timer is the controller of the system.

Example 2: The automatic washing machine is an example of the open-


loop system. The operator manually sets the operating time of the
machine. The machine stops operating after the set time, even the desire
cleanliness of clothes are not obtained. This happens because the
machine has no feedback system which signals the control action of the
system for the desired output.

The open-loop system is simple, require less maintenance. Also, it is fast


in operation and very economical. But the accuracy of the system is less,
and it is less reliable.

Closed-Loop Control System Contact us



The closed-loop control system means the output of the system depends
on their input. The system has one or more feedback loops between its
output and input. The closed-loop system design in such a way that they
automatically provide the desired output by comparing it with the actual
input. The closed-loop system generates the error signal which is the
difference between the input and output.

Image/content Credit : https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-open-


loop-and-closed-loop-system.html

What is PID?

As the name suggests, this article is going to give a precise idea about the
structure and working of the PID controller. However going into details, let
us get an introduction about PID controllers.

PID controllers are found in a wide range of applications for industrial


process control. Approximately 95% of the closed-loop operations
of industrial automation sector use PID controllers. PID stands for
Proportional-Integral-Derivative. These three controllers are combined in
such a way that it produces a control signal

What is Database?

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and


accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are
more complex they are often developed using formal design and
modeling techniques.

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The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts
with end-users, applications, and the database itself to capture and
analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core
facilities provided to administer the database. The total of the database,
the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a
“database system”. Often the term “database” is also used to loosely refer
to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated
with the database.

What is SQL Database?

SQL is the standard language for dealing with Relational Databases. SQL
can be used to insert, search, update, and delete database records. SQL
can do lots of other operations, including optimizing and maintenance of
databases. SQL stands for Structured Query language, pronounced as “S-
Q-L” or sometimes as “See-Quel”… Relational databases like MySQL
Database, Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase, etc. use ANSI SQL.

Read more on https://www.guru99.com/introduction-to-database-sql.html

What is the BACnet protocol?

The protocol is supported and maintained by ASHRAE Standing Standard


Project Committee 135. Products are certified for compliance and
interoperability through BACnet International via the BACnet Testing
Laboratories (BTL). BTL Certification is available from several testing
facilities, including all WSPLabs, MNB in Germany, and SoftDEL Systems
headquartered in Pune, India. Applications BACnet supports most building
operations, including HVAC, lighting, fire protection, and physical security
Contact us

(access control, intrusion) devices.
What is Integration in BMS System?

BMS System main purpose for controlling the HVAC system by its own
DDC Controller whereas other connected equipment’s in the building can
be monitored.

Apart from that other ELV system like Lighting control system, Fire alarm,
UPS, Metering, etc can be integrated through over Communication
network instead of the hardwiring cable by building network protocols like
BACnet, Modbus, Lonworks, OPC and more

Read more on https://methodstatementhq.com/integration-interface-of-


bms-system-with-other-services.html

What is HVAC?

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)[1] is the technology of


indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal
comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a
subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. “Refrigeration” is
sometimes added to the field’s abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or
“ventilation” is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated
circuit breakers).

What is AHU?

Air handling units’ condition and distribute air within a building. They take
fresh ambient air from outside, clean it, heat it or cool it, maybe humidify it
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and then force it through some ductwork around to the designed areas

within a building. Most units will have an additional duct run to then pull
the used dirty air out of the rooms, back to the AHU, where a fan will
discharge it back to the atmosphere. Some of this return air might be
recirculated back into the fresh air supply to save energy, we’ll have a look
at that later in the article. Otherwise, where that isn’t possible, thermal
energy can be extracted and fed into the fresh air intake. Again we’ll look
at that later in more detail.

Read more on https://theengineeringmindset.com/air-handling-units-


explained/

What is FCU?

CU stands for fan coil unit but often engineers will just call them a fan coil,
to save time. Fan coil units are very common in all types of buildings, from
offices, bars, canteens, even some homes and apartments will have a fan
coil unit in them. Fan coil units are used to condition the local air to suit
the temperature requirements of the immediate space.

Read more on https://theengineeringmindset.com/fan-coil-units-hvac/

https://youtu.be/MqM-U8bftCI

What is VAV?

Variable air volume is a type of heating, ventilating, and/or air-conditioning


system. Unlike constant air volume systems, which supply a constant
airflow at a variable temperature, VAV systems vary the airflow at a
constant temperature. Wikipedia Contact us

What is VFD?

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives


an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the
electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable
speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive,
and inverter.

Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motor’s speed (RPMs). In


other words, the faster the frequency, the faster the RPMs go. If an
application does not require an electric motor to run at full speed, the VFD
can be used to ramp down the frequency and voltage to meet the
requirements of the electric motor’s load. As the application’s motor speed
requirements change, the VFD can simply turn up or down the motor
speed to meet the speed requirement.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7jFGOn6xfU

What is Chiller system?

Chilled Water System Basics – Chilled water systems in residential HVAC


systems are extremely rare. A typical chiller uses the process of
refrigeration to chill water in a chiller barrel. This water is pumped through
chilled water piping throughout the building where it will pass through a
coil. Air is passed over this coil and the heat exchange process takes
place. The heat in the air is absorbed into the coils and then into the water.
The water is pumped back to the chiller to have the heat removed. It then
makes the trip back through the building and the coils all over again.
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Read more on https://highperformancehvac.com/chilled-water-system-
basics/

What is DDC?

DDC is a controller which use the analogue or digital signals from various
devices of a field sensor and actuators and then process and control the
system based on the programme written inside the controllers and has the
capability to sends the information to another controller or DDC

Read more on https://bms-system.com/what-is-ddc-or-direct-digital-


controller-in-bms-system/

What is Ambient Temperature?

Ambient temperature is the air temperature of any object or environment


where equipment is stored. The adjective ambient means “relating to the
immediate surroundings.” Also sometimes referred to as the ordinary
temperature or the baseline temperature, this value is important for
system design and thermal analysis.

In a computing context, maintaining an appropriate ambient temperature


is crucial to the proper functioning and longevity of computer equipment.
In general, a safe range is between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit or 15
and 25 degrees Celsius, although the cooler end of that range is better.
Ambient temperatures above those ranges make it difficult for a
computer’s cooling system to keep it at a safe operating temperature.

What is Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb, and Dew Point Temperature?


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The Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb and Dew Point temperatures are important to
determine the state of humid air. The knowledge of only two of these
values is enough to determine the state of the moist air – including the
content of water vapour and the sensible and latent energy (enthalpy) in
the air.

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/dry-wet-bulb-dew-point-air-
d_682.html

The Dry Bulb temperature usually referred to as “air temperature”, is the air
property that is most commonly used. When people refer to the
temperature of the air they are normally referring to the dry-bulb
temperature.

The Dry Bulb Temperature refers basically to the ambient air temperature.
It is called “Dry Bulb” because the air temperature is indicated by a
thermometer not affected by the moisture of the air.

The Wet Bulb temperature is the adiabatic saturation temperature.

Wet Bulb temperature can be measured by using a thermometer with the


bulb wrapped in wet muslin. The adiabatic evaporation of water from the
thermometer bulb and the cooling effect is indicated by a “wet-bulb
temperature” lower than the “dry bulb temperature” in the air.

The rate of evaporation from the wet bandage on the bulb, and the
temperature difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb, depends on the
humidity of the air. The evaporation from the wet muslin is reduced when
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the air contains more water vapour. 
he Dew Point is the temperature where water vapour starts to condense
out of the air (the temperature at which air becomes completely
saturated). Above this temperature, the moisture stays in the air.

if the dew-point temperature is close to the dry air temperature –


the relative humidity is high
if the dew point is well below the dry air temperature – the relative
humidity is low

If moisture condenses on a cold bottle taken from the refrigerator the dew-
point temperature of the air is above the temperature in the refrigerator.

What is Humidity?

Humidity is the presence of water vapour in the atmosphere. The more


water evaporates in a given area, the more water vapour rises into the air,
and the higher the humidity of that area is. Hot places tend to be more
humid than cool places because heat causes water to evaporate faster.

Read more on https://www.goblueox.com/blog/what-is-humidity-and-why-


does-it-matter/

What is Relativity Humidity?

Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio between the amount of water vapour
(moisture) in the air at a given temperature to the maximum amount of
water vapour the air can hold at that temperature. RH is expressed as a
percentage (%). A rudimentary way to calculate it is by using a
psychrometer to measure the dry and wet bulb temperature.
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For example, 50% RH at a warm temperature has more water vapour than
50% RH at a colder temperature

Read more on https://www.idt.com/us/en/blogs/understanding-relative-


humidity-and-dew-point

What are temperature and humidity sensors?

Temperature sensors are components that directly translate physical


temperature into digital information. Likewise, humidity sensors can
measure atmospheric moisture levels and translate that into digital
information

check some of the temperature sensors


in https://www.tyrrellproducts.com/bms-controls-peripherals-temperature/

humidity
sensors https://buildingcontrols.honeywell.com/subcategory/Sensors/Hu
midity-Sensors

What is damper actuators?

Actuators in HVAC systems control the dampers. By utilizing a low voltage


signal, the actuator places the damper at any point between fully open and
fully closed. A critical element of an HVAC system,
proper actuators ensure that zone dampers function properly – without
them, the dampers won’t function at all.

https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/the-significance-of-dampers-and-
Contact us
actuators-in-your-hvac-system/ 
What is PICV?

Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV) can help reduce energy costs
and increase occupant comfort in heating and cooling coil applications in
buildings. A PICV is best described as two valves in one: a standard 2-way
control valve and a balancing valve. PICV obtain optimal results because
only the necessary amount of hot water (in GPM) and chilled water (in
GPM) is delivered to the heating and cooling coils. Standard 2-way control
valves allow for overflow and underflow especially if the CV is oversized or
undersized. This generates excess water to the pump to compensate for
their inaccuracy, which increases pumping cost. The actuators on PICV
valves do not cycle as often as standard 2-way valves to compensate for
pressure changes in the system that impact the flow, which results in
energy savings.

Read more
on https://www.neptronic.com/TechTime/20161207/PDFs/TechTime_Nov
ember_2016_HVAC_Controls.pdf

What is Pre-Commissioning?

Pre-Commissioning is the activity of ensuring the correctness of


the following things
Cables termination between controller and field side.
Configuring the Sensors and actuators as per requirement.
Checking the internal wiring of the BMS DDC Controllers and power
it up.

What is the role of Testing and commissioning? Contact us



BMS Testing and commissioning Engineer is responsible for followings
which are a key role to test from the installation of the system to handover
the system to the client

Installation and termination

Installing sensors and actuators as product manual given by


respective vendors is a vital factor of performance for the operation
of the BMS System.
Identify the best location in the equipment based on which is
recommended in the product manual and considering the
availability of providers in the site.
Based on the sensors and actuators, BMS internal Networking, you
need to install right cables from devices to DDC Controllers and
terminate it in both sides.

Pre-commissioning

Good Pre-commissioning will reduce the most of testing time in the


site.
Pre-Commissioning is the activity of ensuring the correctness of
the following things
Cables termination between controller and field side.
Configuring the Sensors and actuators as per requirement.
Checking the internal wiring of the BMS DDC Controllers and power
it up.

Programming Engineer

Should understand the sequence of operation of various


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equipment’s in BMS mainly HVAC related like chiller system, Air
handling unit, Fan coil unit, Variable air Volume etc.
Should write the program in Functional block(various method
available for different vendors)based on the sequence of operation
and given point list.
Should know to write a flowchart for a given sequence of operation.

Graphics

Graphics is nothing but to show connected equipment in BMS PC in


graphical software provided by respective vendors.
It needs only the necessary experience of using computer tools.
Creating equipment’s graphics and adding/respective mapping
points to images to animate.

Testing and Commissioning

Testing Equipment

The program should be downloaded to the DDC Controller and


check the sequence of operation.
Should co-ordinate with respective equipment’s technicians while
testing system from BMS DDC Controller.

Inspection

Once the system is ready to control and monitor from BMS PC.
Then Checklist should be submitted to the contractor/consultant to
raise inspection.
The consultant will check every point from BMS PC to ensure the
working of sensors and sequence of operation. Contact us

Training and Handover

Once testing and inspection finished, we need to handover the


system to end-user by providing operational & manual and training.
Training is the process of teaching end-user how to operate the
system.
How to check alarms, trend log, reports and scheduling.

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17 thoughts on “BMS Interview questions and answers”

Nishar Ansari
November 18, 2020 at 11:08 am

Hi sir ,
Its very useful for me … Thanks sir

Reply Contact us

Hamza
November 18, 2020 at 11:31 am

Thanks for your reply and i happy that some one benefits from it.
😊
Reply

Anu
March 12, 2021 at 9:39 pm

Thanks for the informations.. Simple and very useful

Reply

Hamza
March 12, 2021 at 9:44 pm

Thanks for your comments

Reply Contact us

IP68 enclosure
March 17, 2021 at 1:53 pm

This is really appreciated that you have presented this data over
here, I love all the information shared. It will be very helpful to
understand the bms interview questions and answers!! This is a
lovely and informative post…

Reply

M.Narayanarao
May 11, 2021 at 6:11 pm

Hiii, Thank you for the basics but I m experienced in BMS Executive,
all the answers are correct.. Tomorrow I have a interview of
promotion as a roll employee, it could be usefull for recollect for the
system..

Reply

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M.Narayanarao
May 11, 2021 at 6:13 pm

Hiii, Thank you for the basics I m experienced in BMS Executive, all
the answers are correct.. Tomorrow I have a interview of promotion
as a roll employee, it could be usefull for recollect for the system..

Reply

Yasar Mansoor
August 10, 2021 at 10:56 pm

Thank you so much for this effort. Do you have any information
about integrating BMS software with Asset Management software
such as Maximo?

Reply

Ejaz Ahmad
August 24, 2021 at 9:28 am

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Lovely great sir 
Reply

K S Anilkumar
September 25, 2021 at 12:20 pm

Thank you for sharing the valuable things

Reply

mohammed afzal faiz


October 12, 2021 at 11:39 am

hello sir,
iam looking for bms estimation course or manual

Reply

JAHABER SADIQ
April 13, 2022 at 5:18 pm

Contact us
Thank you for sharing the basic information about bms… 
Reply

Hamza
April 13, 2022 at 5:22 pm

You are most welcome brother

Reply

Mohammad Rafiuddin
May 9, 2022 at 9:12 am

Thanks a lot, it is great help for BMS engineers.

Reply

Herman
September 23, 2022 at 5:30 am

this is very informative. thank you for sharing

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Reply 
Ismail bathees
April 2, 2024 at 12:32 pm

Thank you for sharing the basic information about bms…

Reply

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