Ass-1

Which of the following fall(s) under the “essential characteristics” of cloud computing?

A. Resource Pooling

B. Measured Service

C. Rapid Elasticity

D. Latency

“Google Doc” is an example of

A. PaaS

B. IaaS

C. SaaS

D. FaaS

Business-Process-as-a-Service is not a part of XaaS.

A) True

B) False

Network Function Virtualization involves the implementation of _______ function in software that

can run on a range of industry-standard servers ______________.

A. network,software

B. hardware, software

C. hardware, network

D. network,hardware

Which are the following applications for SaaS (Software as a Service) architecture?

A) Billing software

B) CRM

C) App engines

D) None of above

Web access to commercial software is one of the SaaS characteristics in the cloud computing

paradigm.

A. True

B. False

In the case of the client-server model: Statement (i) Virtualization is a core concept; Statement (ii)

system can scale infinitely

A) Only Statement (i) is correct

B) Only Statement (ii) is correct

C) Both Statements (i) and (ii) are correct

D) None of the statements is correct

Client-server model is always load-balanced

A) True

B) False

PaaS (Platform as a Service) brings the benefits: (i) Creation of software (ii) Integration of web

services and databases

A. Only (i)

B. Only (ii)

C. Both (i) and (ii)

D. Neither (i) nor (ii)

Which of the following is false?

a) Private cloud is dedicated solely to an organization.

b) Community cloud is a composition of public and private cloud.

c) Public cloud is available to the general public.

d) None of these

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) possess:

a) A service provider, service requestor and service broker

b) A service provider and service requestor

c) A service requestor and service broker

d) Only a service broker

XML is designed to describe _________.

a) pricing

b) SLA

c) data

d) service

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) does not restrict the endpoint implementation technology

choices. SOAP is a platform-neutral choice.

a) True

b) False

A Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing (CPCC) architectural framework is a ________environment

that can rapidly build, modify and provision cyber-physical systems composed of a set

of__________ based sensor, processing, control, and data services.

a) system, cloud computing

b) cloud computing, system

c) system, edge computing

d) edge, system computing

Network Virtualization is a _________ environment that allows _______ service providers to

dynamically compose ____________virtual networks.

a) networking, single, single

b) physical, single, multiple

c) networking, multiple, single

d) networking, multiple, multiple

Customized wearable devices for collecting health parameters are the best examples of

a) IoHT

b) Fog device

c) Fog-Cloud interfaced.

d) Cloud-Fog-Edge-IoHT

Dew Computing is a paradigm where on-premises computers provide functionality that is

_________ of cloud services and is also collaborative with cloud services

a) dependant

b) independent

c) partial dependant

d) none of these

SOAP uses ______ as transport protocol

a) UDDI

b) SLA

c) HTTP

d) XML
Ass-1

Virtual Machine Monitor is also known as

a) Cluster Manager

b) Virtual Machine Handler

c) Virtual Machine Manager

d) Hypervisor

Which of the following is/are XML parser API(s)?

a) XaaS (Anything as a Model)

b) SAX (Simple API to XML)

c) CLI (Command Line Interface)

d) DOM (Document Object Model)

Which of the following statement(s) regarding OpenStack storage is/are right?

A. Object storage is managed by Cinder

B. Both ephemeral storage and block storage are accessible from within VM

C. Block storage persists until VM is terminated

D. Ephemeral storage is used to run operating system and/or scratch space

A task takes time T in a uniprocessor system. In a parallel implementation, the task runs on P

processors parallelly. The parallel efficiency is Eff, where 0<Eff<1. What is the time taken by each

processor (M) in this implementation?

A. M = T

B. M = T/(Eff P) ×

C. M = T/P

D. M = (T Eff)/P ×

QUESTION 3:

What does the term "biasness towards vendors" imply in the context of SLA monitoring?

A. Vendor-driven selection of monitoring parameters

B. Customer-driven selection of monitoring parameters

C. Balanced approach in monitoring parameters

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D. Lack of active monitoring on the customer's side

QUESTION 4:

How does the master node in the Google File System maintain communication with chunk servers?

A. Command messages

B. Update messages

C. Query messages

D. Heartbeat messages

QUESTION 5:

In a cloud, total service uptime is 175 minutes and availability of the service is 0.85. What is the

service downtime?

A. 55 minutes

B. 148.75 minutes

C. 26.25 minutes

D. 45 minutes

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QUESTION 6:

Statement 1: In ephemeral storage, the stored objects persist until the VM is terminated.

Statement 2: The ephemeral storage is managed by Cinder in OpenStack.

A. Statement 1 is TRUE, Statement 2 is FALSE

B. Statement 2 is TRUE, Statement 1 is FALSE

C. Both statements are TRUE

D. Both statements are FALSE

QUESTION 7:

“Midsize providers can achieve similar statistical economies to an infinitely large provider” Does

this fall under?

A. Correlated demand

B. Dependent demand

C. Independent demand

D. Mixed demand

QUESTION 8:

Let D(t) and R(t) be the instantaneous demand and resources at time t respectively. If demand is

exponential (D(t)=et

), any fixed provisioning interval (tp) according to the current demands will fall

linearly behind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

according to the current demands will fall exponentially behind.

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QUESTION 9:

Which of the following is/are expected common SLA parameter(s) for both Software-as-a-Service

and Storage-as-a-Service models?

A. usability

B. scalability
Ass-1

C. recovery

D. None of these

QUESTION 10:

Data retention and deletion by cloud providers do not fall under one of the SLA requirements.

A. True

B. False

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 4

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

SQL Azure is a cloud-based relational database service that is based on:

(a) Oracle

(b) SQL Server

(c) MySQL

(d) None

QUESTION 2:

Microsoft Azure provides

(a) SaaS

(b) PaaS

(c) IaaS

(d) None

QUESTION 3:
Ass-1

Azure App Service plan defines

(a) Region

(b) Instance size

(c) Scale count

(d) None

QUESTION 4:

The OpenStack component - Glance monitors and meters the OpenStack cloud for billing,

benchmarking. State True of False.

a) True

b) False

QUESTION 5:

GCP: Choose the correct option(s)

a) To run your web-application, you need to configure only the Google Storage bucket

b) “gcloud app deploy app.yaml” the command can be used to deploy your app to app-engine

c) After launching your application to app-engine anyone can view the app at

http://[YOUR_PROJECT_ID].appspot.com

d) “gcloud app browse” – can be used to start the local development server for the application

QUESTION 6:

In OpenStack, the different components of Nova (e.g. scheduler, Compute, api etc.) communicates

via:

(a) Message Queues

(b) Neutron

(c) Conductor

(d) Swift

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Solution: Nova is comprised of multiple server processes, each performing different functions. The

user-facing interface is a REST API, while internally Nova components communicate via an RPC

message passing mechanism

QUESTION 7:

In OpenStack, __________ is a system for managing networks and IP addresses.

(a) Nova

(b) Keystone

(c) Neutron

(d) None of these

Correct Answer: c

Solution: Neutron provides the networking capability for OpenStack. It helps to ensure that each of

the components of an OpenStack deployment can communicate with one another quickly and

efficiently.

QUESTION 8:

Cloud DataStore in GCP is a NoSQL document database built for automatic scaling, high

performance, and ease of application development

a) True

b) False

Solution: Google Cloud Datastore is a highly scalable, fully managed NoSQL database service

offered by Google on the Google Cloud Platform. Cloud Datastore is built upon Google's Bigtable

and Megastore technology.

QUESTION 9:

GCP: Which one is/are correct statement(s)?

a) You can reuse the project ID only after you delete the previous project in GCP

b) A CNAME alias is a DNS record that lets you use a URL from your own domain to access

resources, such as a bucket and objects, in Cloud Storage using your custom domain URL

c) “Multi-Regional” Storage class is used for the bucket to stream videoes and host hot web

content accessed frequently around the world

d) “Nearline” Storage class is used for the bucket to store data accessed frequently in one part

of the world
Ass-1

Solution: We cannot use the same project ID as it is the unique identifier. Nearline Storage is

appropriate for data backup, disaster recovery, and archival storage while Regional Storage enables

to store data at lower cost and data being stored in a specific regional location, instead of having

redundancy distributed over a large geographic area.

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QUESTION 10:

OpenStack: Which IP use is preferred for transferring data to a VM from

(i) Another VM in the same cloud

(ii) One organization's network-

(a) i. Floating IP, ii. Private IP

(b) i. Private IP, ii. Floating IP

(c) Floating IP in both cases

(d) Private IP in both cases

Solution: Compute assigns a private IP address to each VM instance. Compute makes a distinction

between fixed IPs and floating IP. Fixed IPs are IP addresses that are assigned to an instance on

creation and stay the same until the instance is explicitly terminated. Floating IPs are addresses that

can be dynamically associated with an instance. A floating IP address can be disassociated and

associated with another instance at any time. A user can reserve a floating IP for their project.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 5
Ass-1

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

In a SLA negotiation, the provider agreed with the service availability of 98%. The consumer runs

the application for X hours/day. At the end of one month [31 days], the total service outage was 12

hrs. However, SLA negotiation (in terms of service availability) is honored.

a. X is atleast 19.74

b. X is atmost 19.74

c. X is exactly 19.74

d. Insufficient information

Detailed Solution: Total time for which the application will run (in a month)=(X*31) hours Outage

time=12 hours Therefore, service duration=(X*31-12) hours % Availability=(1- outage time/service

duration)*100 %=(1-(12/(X*31-12)))*100 % Initial service guarantee=98% As, final service

availability>= initial service guarantee 98<=(1-(12/(X*31-12)))*100 or, X>=19.74

QUESTION 2:

Average resource demand is 45 units,Baseline (owned) unit cost is 200 units,Time is 10 hours,Peak

resource demand is 100 units. If the cloud is cheaper than owning of computer infrastructures, the

utility premium is

a. Greater than 2.22

b. Less than 2.22

c. Atleast 4.45

d. Atmost 4.45

Detailed Solution: CT < BT implies A * U * B * T < P * B * T. Or, A*U < P. Or, U < P/A. Where

A= Average Demand, U= Utility Premium, B=Baseline (owned) unit cost, T=Time, P=Peak

Demand, CT=Cloud cost and BT=Owning cost. Here P=100 units, A=45 units U< P/A implies U<

100/45 or, U < 2.22

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Ass-1

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QUESTION 3:

In computing, there is a linear relationship between the number of processing cores used and

power consumption.

a. TRUE

b. FALSE

Detailed Solution: Refer to slide 10 of resource management-I.

QUESTION 4:

The ________ takes a series of key/value pairs, processes each, and generates zero or more output.

a. map function

b. partition function

c. reduce function

d. None of these

Detailed Solution: The map function takes a series of key/value pairs, processes each, and

generates zero or more output.

QUESTION 5:

In a MapReduce framework the HDFS block size is 64 MB. We have 6 files of size 64KB, 65MB,

X MB, Y KB, 67KB and 127MB. 24 blocks are created by Hadoop framework. The size of X and

Y are respectively [one or more than one options may be correct, select all correct options]:

a. 66 and 64

b. 64 and 64

c. 64 and 66

d. 128 and 64
Ass-1

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Detailed Solution: The total number of blocks needed for 64 KB, 65 MB, 67 KB, 127 MB is

(1+2+1+2)*3=18 [3 is the number of replicas] Number of remaining blocks=(24-18)/3=6/3=2 [3 is

the number of replicas] Only option b and c are correct as the size requirement can be satisfied with

2 blocks.

QUESTION 6:

Which among the following is/are logical resource(s)?

a. Network

b. Computer

c. Database

d. Execution

Detailed Solution: Execution is a logical resource.

QUESTION 7:

When load decreases, VM management can be done by

a. Live migrate VMs to more utilized nodes

b. Shutdown unused nodes

c. Migrate VMs to less utilized nodes

d. None of these

Detailed Solution: When load decreases, VM management can be done by – a) Live migrating

VMs to more utilized nodes b) Shutting down unused nodes

QUESTION 8:
Ass-1

Correspondence between resources required by the users and resources available with the provider

is known as a. Resource provisioning b. Resource adaptation c. Resource mapping d. None of these

Detailed Solution: Correspondence between resources required by the users and resources

available with the provider is known as resource mapping.

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QUESTION 9:

Ability or capacity of that system to adjust the resources dynamically to fulfill the requirements of

the user is known as

a. Resource provisioning

b. Resource adaptation

c. Resource mapping

d. None of these

Detailed Solution: Ability or capacity of that system to adjust the resources dynamically to fulfill

the requirements of the user is known as resource adaptation.

QUESTION 10:

Statement 1: Map operation consists of transforming one set of key-value pairs to another.

Statement 2: Each reducer groups the results of the map step using the same key.

a. Both statements are true

b. Both statements are false

c. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false

d. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true

Detailed Solution: Map operation consists of transforming one set of key-value pairs to another.

Each reducer groups the results of the map step using the same key.
Ass-1

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Cloud Computing

Assignment- Week 6

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________

QUESTION 1:

Interception is considered as an attack on

a) Confidentiality

b) Availability

c) Integrity

d) Authenticity

Solution: Interception security attack is attack on confidentiality

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 2:

Find the correct statement(s):

a) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security

services

b) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine

what security mechanisms are required and mapping those to controls that exist in

your chosen cloud service provider

c) Data should be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose

d) All are incorrect statements

Correct Answer: a, b, c

Solution: Cloud computing security or, more simply, cloud security refers to a broad set

of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the

associated infrastructure of cloud computing

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

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QUESTION 3:

Which of the following is/are example(s) of passive attack?

a) Replay

b) Denial of service

c) Traffic analysis

d) Masquerade

Solution: Traffic analysis is an example of passive attack. Others are active attacks.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 4:

Modification is considered as an attack on

(a) Confidentiality

(b) Availability

(c) Integrity

(d) Authenticity

Solution: Modification security attack is attack on integrity

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
Ass-1

QUESTION 5:

Spoofing is not an example of

(a) Deception

(b) Disclosure

(c) Usurpation

(d) Disruption

Solution: In the context of network security, a spoofing attack is a situation in which a

person or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data, to gain an

illegitimate advantage.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

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QUESTION 6:

Consider the following statements:

Statement I: Authorization is the identification of legitimate users.

Statement II: Integrity is the protection against data alteration/corruption.

Identify the correct options:

a) Statement I is TRUE and statement II is FALSE.

b) Statement I is FALSE and statement II is TRUE.

c) Both statements are TRUE.

d) Both statements are FALSE.

Solution: Refer slide no. 18 of Cloud-Security I. Authorization is the determination of

whether or not an operation is allowed by a certain user. Integrity is the protection against

data alteration/corruption. So the first statement is false and the second statement is true.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 7:
Ass-1

Access policy control refers to

a) Cyclic Inheritance Control

b) Virus Attack

c) Violation of SoD (separation of duties) Constraint

d) Man in the middle attack

Solution: Access control policies are enforced through a mechanism that translates a

user's access request, often in terms of a structure that a system provides. Virus attack and

man in the middle attack are not related to access control policy.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 8:

Which of the options is/are considered as the basic components of security?

a) Confidentiality

b) Integrity

c) Reliability

d) Efficiency

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Solution: Confidentiality (keeping data and resources hidden), Integrity and Availability

(enabling access to data and resources) are the major components of security.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 9:

Which of the following is/are not a type of passive attack?

a) Traffic Analysis

b) Release of message contents

c) Denial of service

d) Replay
Ass-1

Solution: Passive attack (Traffic analysis, release of message contents) and Active attack

(Denial of service, Modification, Masquerade and Replay)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

QUESTION 10:

Side channel exploitation has the potential to extract RSA & AES secret keys

a) True

b) False

Solution: Cross-VM information leakage due to sharing of physical resource (CPU’s data

caches).

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 7

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

The key features of mobile cloud computing (MCC) are

a) Facilitates the quick development, delivery and management of mobile apps

b) Uses more device resources because applications are cloud-supported

Correct Answer: (b Correct Answer: (b c) Improves reliability with information backed up and stored
in the cloud

d) None of these
Ass-1

Explanation: The key features of mobile cloud computing are: Facilitates the quick development,
delivery

and management of mobile apps. Improves reliability with information backed up and stored in the
cloud.

QUESTION 2:

Dynamic runtime offloading involves the issues of

a) Runtime application partitioning

b) Migration of intensive components

c) Continuous synchronization for the entire duration of runtime execution platform

d) None of these

Explanation: Dynamic runtime offloading involves the issues of:- runtime application partitioning,

migration of intensive components, continuous synchronization for the entire duration of runtime
execution

platform.

QUESTION 3:

What is/are true about cloudlet?

a) Increases the latency in reaching the cloud servers

b) Reduces the latency in reaching the cloud servers

c) Resides far from the mobile devices

d) Resides near to the mobile devices

Explanation: Cloudlet reduces the latency in reaching the cloud servers. Cloudlet resides near to the
mobile

devices.

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QUESTION 4:

What is/are true about mobile cloud computing (MCC)?

a) MCC increases the running cost for computation intensive applications

b) MCC reduces the running cost for computation intensive applications

c) MCC decreases battery lifetime

d) None of these

Explanation: MCC reduces the running cost for computation intensive applications.

QUESTION 5:

What is/are true about the execution of services in mobile cloud computing (MCC)?

a) All services are executed in cloud

b) Some services are executed in mobile devices and some services are executed in cloud

c) All computation intensive services are executed in mobile devices

d) None of these

Explanation: Some services are executed in mobile devices and some services are executed in cloud.

QUESTION 6:

What of the following is/are fog device(s)?

a) Cellular base stations

b) Network routers

c) WiFi Gateways

d) None of these

Explanation: Cellular base stations, network routers as well as WiFi Gateways are fog devices.

QUESTION 7:

What is/are the advantage(s) of fog computing?

a) Reduction in data movement across the network resulting in reduced congestion

b) Increase in data movement across the network resulting in increased congestion

c) Serving the real-time applications

d) None of these

Explanation: The advantages of fog computing are:- reduction in data movement across the network

resulting in reduced congestion, serving the real- time applications.

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QUESTION 8:

Consider the following statements:

Statement 1: In Geospatial Cloud, it is needed to integrate data from heterogeneous back-end data

service.

Statement 2: Data services can be inside and/or outside of the cloud environment in Geospatial

Cloud.

a) Statement 1 is Correct, but Statement 2 is Incorrect.

b) Statement 2 is Correct, but Statement 1 is Incorrect.

c) Both statements are Correct.

d) Both statements are Incorrect

Explanation: Both statements are correct regarding Geospatial Cloud concept. So, the correct option
is (c).

QUESTION 9:

Which of the following statement(s) is/are FALSE about Fog Computing?

a) Fog nodes present near to the end-user

b) Fog computing enables real-time applications

c) Fog nodes’ response time is much higher than Cloud’s

d) Network routers, WiFi Gateways will not be capable of running applications

Explanation: Fog nodes present near to the end-user, Fog computing use for real-time applications,
Fog

nodes’ response time is much lower than cloud server, network routers, WiFi Gateways will be
capable of

running applications. So, the correct options are (c), (d).

QUESTION 10:

Which of the following is/are true about Geospatial Cloud Model?

a) It integrates data from homogeneous back-end data services

b) Data services can be inside and/or outside the cloud environment

c) Data services inside cloud can be run through SaaS service model

d) None of the above

Explanation: Data services can be inside and/or outside the cloud environment in Geospatial Cloud
Model.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 8

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

An IoT platform’s basic building blocks is/ are (choose the correct option(s)).

a. Gateway

b. Images

c. Network and Cloud

d. Containers

Detailed Solution: An IoT platform has three basic building blocks, Things, Gateway, and Network

and Cloud. Lecture 39, 10:09 min.

QUESTION 2:

__________ is used to delete a local image.

a. Docker rm

b. Docker rmi

c. Docker rvi

d. Docker push

Detailed Solution: Docker rmi is used to delete a local image. So, the correct option is (b).
Ass-1

QUESTION 3:

Docker Hub is a registry used to host various docker images.

a) True

b) False

Detailed Solution: Docker Hub is a registry used to host various docker images.

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QUESTION 4:

__________ enables different networks, spreads in a huge geographical area to connect together

and be employed simultaneously by multiple users on demand.

a) Serverless

b) IoT Cloud

c) Sensor Cloud

d) Green Cloud

Detailed Solution: Sensor Cloud enables different networks, spreads in a huge geographical area to

connect together and be employed simultaneously by multiple users on demand. Lecture 38, 20:27

QUESTION 5:

Virtual machines get virtual access to host resources through a ________

a) Containers

b) Hypervisor

c) Both a and b

d) Images

Detailed Solution: Virtual machines get virtual access to host resources through

a hypervisor. So, the correct option is (b). Lecture 36, 24:10

QUESTION 6:

Vehicles providing their networking and data processing capabilities to other vehicles through the
Ass-1

cloud comes under which service of IoT-based Vehicular Data Clouds.

a) SaaS

b) PaaS

c) IaaS

d) None of these

Detailed Solution: Vehicles provide their networking and data processing capabilities to other

vehicles through the cloud comes under the Networking and Data processing as a service (IaaS)

QUESTION 7:

Sensor data can be easily shared by different groups of users without any extra effort/ measure.

a. True

b. False

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Detailed Solution: One of the limitations of Sensor Networks is “Sensor data can not be easily

shared by different groups of users.” Hence, the correct option is (b). Lecture 38, 9:32 min.

QUESTION 8:

Container is a compile time instance of an image.

a) True

b) False

Detailed Solution::Container is a run time instance of an image.

QUESTION 9:

In the context of Green Cloud Computing, the Power Usage Effectiveness is defined as

a. Power Delivered / Overall Power

b. Overall Power / Power Delivered

c. Overall Power * Power Delivered

d. None of these
Ass-1

Detailed Solution: In the context of Green Cloud Computing, the Power Usage Effectiveness is

defined as Overall Power / Power Delivered. So, the correct option is (b). Lecture 37, 28:45 min.

QUESTION 10:

Statement 1: Sensor-Cloud proxy exposes sensor resources as cloud services.

Statement 2: Sensor network is still managed from the Sensor-Cloud Interface via Sensor

Network Proxy

a. Statement 1 is True and Statement 2 is False

b. Statement 2 is True and Statement 1 is False

c. Both statements are True

d. Both statements are False

Detailed Solution: Sensor cloud proxy exposes sensor resources as cloud services.

Sensor network is still managed from the Sensor-Cloud Interface via Sensor Network Proxy.

Lecture 38, 21:43 min.- 22:09 min.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment- Week 9

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

Which of the following statements best describes fog computing?

a) Fog computing refers to a model where data, processing, and applications are concentrated

in the cloud rather than at the network edge.

b) Fog computing is a term introduced by Cisco Systems to describe a model that centralizes
Ass-1

data processing in the cloud to manage wireless data transfer to distributed IoT devices.

c) Fog computing is a model where data, processing, and applications are concentrated in

devices at the network edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.

d) The vision of fog computing is to enable applications on a few connected devices to run

directly in the cloud without interaction at the network edge.

Detailed Solution: Fog computing is characterized by its focus on edge processing rather than

cloud-centralized processing. Statement C correctly captures this aspect, making it the best

description of fog computing among the provided options.

QUESTION 2:

Which of the following challenges is most effectively addressed by using fog and edge computing

instead of a "cloud-only" approach for IoT applications?

a) Resource management issues related to workload balance and task scheduling in

cloud-based environments.

b) The inefficiency of processing time-sensitive applications directly in the cloud due to high

latency and large data bandwidth requirements.

c) The need for improved security and privacy features in cloud-based systems, which are not

addressed by fog and edge computing.

d) The difficulty in integrating multiple cloud services and platforms for comprehensive IoT

data management.

Detailed Solution: Fog and edge computing offer solutions to the inefficiencies of processing

time-sensitive applications in a "cloud-only" scenario by reducing latency and managing data

bandwidth more effectively. Statement B best captures the challenge that fog and edge computing

address.

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QUESTION 3:

Which of the following correctly describes a classification of resource management architectures in

fog/edge computing?

Threads of a process share

a) Data Flow

b) Control.

c) Tenancy.

d) Infrastructure.

Detailed Solution: Tenancy is correctly described as the support for hosting multiple applications

or a single application on an edge node.

QUESTION 4:

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically associated with fog computing

infrastructure?

a) Location awareness and low latency

b) Better bandwidth utilization

c) High computational power concentrated solely in the Cloud

d) Support for mobility Detailed Solution: High computational power concentrated solely in the
Cloud is not a

characteristic of fog computing; instead, fog computing distributes computational resources across

edge nodes.

QUESTION 5:

In the fog computing paradigm, which of the following accurately describes the relationship

between local and global analyses?

a) Local analyses are performed exclusively in the Cloud, while global analyses are done at

the edge devices.

b) Local and global analyses are performed only in the Cloud data centers.

c) Local analyses are performed at the edge devices, and global analyses can be either

performed at the edge or forwarded to the Cloud.

d) Local analyses are conducted by IoT devices, and global analyses are not necessary in fog

computing.

Detailed Solution: Local analyses in fog computing are performed at the edge devices to ensure
Ass-1

low latency and quick processing.Global analyses can be either performed at the edge or forwarded

to the Cloud for further processing, depending on the system's requirements and resource

availability.Local and global analyses are not solely performed in the Cloud; they are distributed

based on the needs of the application and infrastructure.

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QUESTION 6:

What is the primary goal of the application placement problem in the Cloud-Fog-Edge framework?

a) To map all applications onto the Cloud servers to maximize computational power.

b) To find available resources in the network that satisfy application requirements, respect

constraints, and optimize the objective, such as minimizing energy consumption.

c) To place all application components on edge devices to ensure low latency.

d) To disregard resource capacities and focus solely on network constraints.

Detailed Solution: In the Cloud-Fog-Edge framework, application placement involves mapping

components onto infrastructure while considering resource (CPU, RAM), network (latency,

bandwidth), and application constraints (locality, delay sensitivity). The goal is to meet these

constraints and optimize objectives like energy consumption. Application constraints, such as

locality requirements, ensure specific services run in designated locations, making them key factors

in the placement process.

QUESTION 7:

Which of the following is an example of an application constraint in the application placement

problem on the Cloud-Fog-Edge framework?

a) Finite capabilities of CPU and RAM on infrastructure nodes.

b) Network latency and bandwidth limitations.

c) Locality requirements restricting certain services’ executions to specific locations.

d) Availability of storage resources in the Fog nodes.

Detailed Solution: Locality requirements are application constraints that restrict services to

specific locations, making them key in application placement. In contrast, Option A deals with

resource constraints, Option B with network constraints, and Option D with resource availability,

none of which are application-specific constraints.

QUESTION 8:

What is the primary purpose of offloading in the context of edge computing?

a) To move all data processing from edge nodes to the cloud.

b) To augment computing requirements by moving servers, applications, and associated data

closer to the network edge.

c) To reduce the number of user devices connected to the network.

d) To centralize all computational resources in the cloud for better performance.

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Detailed Solution:This question highlights the key purpose of offloading, which involves moving

servers, applications, and data closer to the network edge to enhance computing capabilities and

bring services closer to the data source, improving efficiency and reducing latency.

QUESTION 9:

What is the primary goal of a cloud federation?

a) To centralize all cloud services under a single provider.

b) To deploy and manage multiple cloud services to meet business needs by collaborating

among different Cloud Service Providers (CSPs).

c) To limit the geographical reach of cloud services.

d) To reduce the number of cloud service providers globally.

Detailed Solution: Cloud federation's goal is to efficiently manage and deploy cloud services by

collaborating among multiple CSPs. This enhances capacity utilization, interoperability, and service

offerings, unlike centralizing services under one provider.

QUESTION 10:

Which of the following is a key benefit of forming a cloud federation?

a) Centralized control of global cloud services.

b) Increased resource utilization and load balancing across multiple Cloud Service Providers

(CSPs).

c) Reduced collaboration among Cloud Service Providers.

d) Limiting the geographical footprint of Cloud Service Providers.

Detailed Solution: A key benefit of cloud federation is maximizing resource utilization and

achieving effective load balancing across multiple CSPs, improving efficiency and reliability

through shared resources.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment- Week 10

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

Why is VM migration important in cloud computing environments?

a) To centralize all virtual machines on a single server.

b) To efficiently distribute VM load across servers, allowing for system maintenance and

operational efficiency.
Ass-1

c) To permanently shut down under-utilized servers.

d) To increase the number of servers in a data center.

Detailed Solution: VM migration is crucial in cloud computing for balancing the workload across

servers, enabling maintenance without downtime, and managing operational parameters like power

consumption. It allows for dynamic allocation of resources to ensure efficient operation and

maintain service quality.

QUESTION 2:

What is the difference between cold (non-live) and hot (live) VM migration?

a) Cold migration turns off the VM during migration, while hot migration keeps the VM

running.

b) Cold migration keeps the VM running during migration, while hot migration turns off the

VM.

c) Both cold and hot migration suspend the VM during the process.

d) Cold migration requires more resources than hot migration.

Detailed Solution: Cold (non-live) migration involves turning off or suspending the VM during the

migration process, whereas hot (live) migration allows the VM to continue running and providing

services while being migrated.

QUESTION 3:

Which of the following approaches are commonly used in live VM migration?

a) Cold-copy and Hot-copy.

b) Pre-copy and Post-copy.

c) Suspend-copy and Resume-copy.

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Detailed Solution: In live VM migration, the two main approaches are pre-copy, where the VM's

memory pages are copied to the destination before the VM is transferred, and post-copy, where the
Ass-1

VM is first transferred to the destination, and then its memory pages are copied over as needed.

These methods help minimize downtime during the migration process.

QUESTION 4:

Which of the following is a primary concern during VM migration to ensure service continuity?

a) Maximizing downtime and total migration time

b) Minimizing both downtime and total migration time, and avoiding unnecessary disruption

of active services

c) Allowing resource contention with the migrating OS to speed up the process

d) Ensuring that the migration process takes as long as possible to ensure stability

Detailed Solution: During VM migration, it's crucial to minimize both the downtime (time

services are unavailable) and the total migration time (time to complete the migration).

Additionally, the process should avoid disrupting active services by managing resource contention

effectively.

QUESTION 5:

Which phase of live VM migration involves suspending the execution of the VM at the source and

copying the remaining dirty pages and CPU state to the destination?

a) Pre-Copy Phase

b) Post-Copy Phase

c) Stop-and-Copy Phase

d) On-Demand Copy Phase

Detailed Solution: In the Stop-and-Copy Phase of live VM migration, the VM's execution is

suspended at the source, and the remaining dirty pages along with the CPU state are copied to the

destination before resuming the VM.

QUESTION 6:

What is the primary advantage of the post-copy live memory migration strategy?

a) It avoids copying any memory pages from the source to the destination.

b) It ensures that memory pages are only copied on demand, potentially reducing unnecessary
Ass-1

data transfer.

c) It copies all memory pages before stopping the VM at the source.

d) It immediately restarts the VM at the source after copying the CPU state.

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Detailed Solution: Post-copy live memory migration copies memory pages only when they are

needed by the VM at the destination, reducing the amount of unnecessary data transfer compared
to

other strategies.

QUESTION 7:

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for live VM migration?

a) Load balancing

b) Fault tolerance

c) Power management

d) Data replication

Detailed Solution: Live VM migration involves requirements such as load balancing, fault

tolerance, power management, and resource sharing to ensure seamless operation and system

maintenance. Data replication is not a specific requirement for live VM migration.

QUESTION 8:

In serial VM migration, what happens to the remaining VMs when the first VM enters the

stop-and-copy phase?

a) They continue to provide services

b) They are suspended to prevent memory dirtying

c) They start their pre-copy cycle

d) They are migrated simultaneously

Detailed Solution:In serial VM migration, when the first VM enters the stop-and-copy phase, the
Ass-1

remaining VMs are suspended to prevent them from dirtying memory, ensuring a smooth migration

process.

QUESTION 9:

What is a key advantage of using containers in cloud computing?

a) Containers virtualize the hardware to run multiple operating systems

b) Containers are heavyweight virtual machines with extensive resource requirements

c) Containers package code and dependencies, allowing applications to run consistently

across different environments

d) Containers require specific hardware configurations to function properly

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Detailed Solution: Containers are lightweight virtualization techniques that package application

code along with all its dependencies, enabling consistent performance across various computing

environments.

QUESTION 10:

What is the main function of a Docker container image?

a) To create a virtual machine with its own operating system

b) To package an application along with its code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settings

c) To manage physical hardware resources for applications

d) To execute applications directly on the host operating system without isolation

Detailed Solution: A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone package that includes

everything needed to run an application, such as code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settings,

ensuring consistent operation across different environments.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 11

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

Which of the following best describes the key features of dew computing?

a. Independence and collaboration

b. Independence and centralization

c. Collaboration and decentralization

d. Connectivity and scalability

Detailed Solution: The correct answer is a) Independence and collaboration because these are

the core principles of dew computing, allowing local devices to operate autonomously while still

connecting to the cloud for data synchronization when needed.

QUESTION 2:

Which of the following best describes serverless computing?

a. Developers manage scalability and orchestration of containers.

b. Developers run their logic as functions, and the cloud provider manages scalability

c. Developers handle all containerization and runtime environments.

d. Developers run their applications directly on dedicated servers.

Detailed Solution: The correct answer is b) Developers run their logic as functions, and the cloud

provider manages scalability because serverless computing allows developers to submit their code

as functions without worrying about infrastructure. The cloud provider automatically handles the

scaling and orchestration, enabling efficient parallel execution of tasks without the need for manual

container management.
Ass-1

QUESTION 3:

Which of the following best describes Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?

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a) Functions run continuously and scale vertically.

b) Functions are triggered by events and executed in isolated environments.

c) Functions are always active and manage their own scaling.

d) Functions are large, continuously running parts of an application.

Detailed Solution: The correct answer is B) Functions are triggered by events and executed in

isolated environments because Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) is an event-driven model where

functions are only activated in response to specific triggers, such as client requests or external

events. These functions run in isolated environments provided by the FaaS platform, which also

handles the horizontal scaling based on the volume of incoming events. Unlike traditional

applications, FaaS functions are not constantly active, making them efficient for handling specific

tasks within a broader application.

QUESTION 4:

How does Serverless Computing differ from traditional Cloud Computing?

a) It focuses on system administrators and exposes server management.

b) It targets programmers by abstracting server management and simplifying development.

c) It requires developers to handle all operational responsibilities.

d) It makes cloud software development more complicated.

Detailed Solution: The correct answer is B) It targets programmers by abstracting server

management and simplifying development because serverless computing removes the need for

developers to manage servers, allowing them to focus on writing code. This shift makes cloud

development easier and more accessible for programmers, while the cloud provider handles the

operational responsibilities.
Ass-1

QUESTION 5:

What is a key benefit of using AWS Lambda for running code?

a) You need to manage AWS resources and scaling.

b) You have to focus on operating system management and provisioning.

c) You upload code and AWS Lambda handles execution and scaling based on events.

d) You must manually handle event sources and log streams.

Detailed Solution: AWS Lambda allows you to focus on writing code while it manages execution,

scaling, and resource provisioning based on event triggers, simplifying cloud computing tasks.

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QUESTION 6:

What does Google Cloud Functions primarily handle in terms of execution environment?

a) Server-based environments with manual provisioning

b) Fully managed environments with automatic scaling

c) Local environments requiring extensive server management

d) Dedicated virtual machines for each function

Detailed Solution: Google Cloud Functions operates in a fully managed environment, meaning

developers do not need to provision or manage servers, and the platform automatically handles

scaling.

QUESTION 7:

What is the primary focus of Azure Functions for developers?

a. Managing and maintaining servers

b. Writing code and configuring functions

c. Handling infrastructure scaling manually

d. Deploying compiled languages only

Detailed Solution: Azure Functions allows developers to focus on writing code and configuring
Ass-1

functions while it manages server maintenance and scaling..

QUESTION 8:

What is one major challenge of using renewable energy sources in cloud datacenters?

a) High capital costs and unpredictability

b) Increased server maintenance requirements

c) Higher energy consumption from non-renewable sources

d) Decreased system reliability

Detailed Solution:Renewable energy sources face challenges such as high initial costs and

unpredictability in supply, which can impact their implementation in cloud datacenters.

QUESTION 9:

What is the primary focus of the power manager component in a sustainable cloud computing

datacenter?

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a. Controlling the temperature of the datacenter

b. Managing the power supply from renewable and grid sources

c. Handling virtual machine migrations

d. Scheduling workloads to balance energy use

Detailed Solution: The power manager in a sustainable cloud computing datacenter is primarily

responsible for managing the power supply, including balancing energy sources from renewables

and grid electricity.

QUESTION 10:

Which component of sustainable cloud computing aims to balance the temperature in cloud

datacenters to enhance energy efficiency?

a. Application Design
Ass-1

b. Capacity Planning

c. Cooling Management

d. Renewable Energy

Detailed Solution: Cooling Management focuses on maintaining the temperature within cloud

datacenters to ensure energy efficiency, as excessive heat can increase energy consumption and

affect performance.

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Cloud Computing

Assignment-Week 12

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ

Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1:

According to the given definition, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about dew

computing?

a. Dew computing is a cloud computing paradigm where all computing is done on the cloud

without any reliance on on-premises computers.

b. Dew computing is a paradigm where on-premises computers provide functionality that is

dependent on cloud services.

c. Dew computing is a paradigm where on-premises computers and cloud services are

completely isolated from each other and do not collaborate in any way.

d. Dew computing is a paradigm where on-premises computers provide functionality that is

independent of cloud services and is also collaborative with cloud services.

Detailed Solution: According to the definition given, dew computing is a paradigm where
Ass-1

on-premises computers provide functionality that is independent of cloud services and is also

collaborative with cloud services.

QUESTION 2:

What are the different aspects of CPS?

a. Cyber, physical, and communication only

b. Cyber, dynamics, and safety only

c. Cyber, physical, computation, dynamics, communication, security, and safety

d. Cyber, physical, and computation only

Detailed Solution: Refer slide 6 of Module 12: Cloud Computing Paradigms; Lecture 57.

QUESTION 3:

What is the benefit of 5G's ability to scale down in data rates, power, and mobility for IoT devices?

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a. It allows for faster data rates and lower latency

b. It provides extremely lean and low-cost connectivity solutions

c. It enables immersive experiences like VR and AR

d. It provides ultra-reliable, low-latency links for mission-critical communications.

Detailed Solution: 5G is meant to seamlessly connect a massive number of embedded sensors

in virtually everything through the ability to scale down in data rates, power, and

mobility—providing extremely lean and low-cost connectivity solutions

QUESTION 4:

Fog-Edge computing leads to increased network congestion

a. True

b. False
Ass-1

Detailed Solution: Fog-Edge computing leads to less network congestion

QUESTION 5:

What is(are) the key feature(s) of Mobile Cloud computing for 5G networks?

a. Sharing resources for mobile applications

b. Improved reliability due to data storage in the cloud

c. Increased resource consumption by mobile applications

d. None of these

Detailed Solution: Key features of MCC for 5G networks include sharing resources for mobile

applications and improved reliability as data is backed up and stored in the cloud.

QUESTION 6:

Mobility Analytics utilizes the cloud platform for computation and storage.

A) True

B) False

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Detailed Solution: Mobility Analytics utilizes a Cloud platform for computation and storage.

QUESTION 7:

In which computing environment is latency fixed due to the location of application modules at the

Area Gateway?

a. Fog computing

b. Cloud computing

c. Serverless Computing
Ass-1

d. None of the above

Detailed Solution: In fog computing environment is latency fixed due to the location of application

modules at the Area Gateway

QUESTION 8:

Resource-constrained low-latency devices drive the need of

a. Heterogeneous and distributed computing architectures

b. Homogeneous and distributed computing architectures

c. Heterogeneous and parallel computing architectures

d. Homogeneous and parallel computing architectures

Detailed Solution: On-premises and edge data centers will continue to close the gap between

resource-constrained low-latency devices and distant cloud data centers, leading to driving the

need for heterogeneous and distributed computing architectures.

QUESTION 9:

Customized wearable devices for collecting health parameters are the best examples of

a. IoHT

b. Fog device

c. Fog-Cloud interfaced.

d. Cloud-Fog-Edge-IoHT

Detailed Solution: Customized wearable devices for collecting health parameters are the best

examples of Cloud-Fog-Edge-IoHT.

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QUESTION 10:

The cyber-physical system involves transdisciplinary approaches, merging the theory of

cybernetics, mechatronics, design, and process science.

a. True

b. False

Detailed Solution: The cyber-physical system involves transdisciplinary approaches, merging the

theory of cybernetics, mechatronics, design, and process science.

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