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Speed Control Valves

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96 views7 pages

Speed Control Valves

Uploaded by

btme266j2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TMC 4411: INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS

MEMBERS;
1. John Mugambi - BTME/266J/2020
2. Dancan Kanyi - BTME/237J/2020
3. Albert Kiprono - BTME/245J/2020
4. Hashim Muadh - BTME/321J/2021

SPEED CONTROL VALVES.

Speed control valves are hydraulic safety devices designed to protect cylinders and vessels from
damage due to mechanical failures such as wireline breaks or riser parting. They are typically
used in applications where precise control of cylinder speed is required.

Flow Control Valves


Flow-control valves, as the name suggests, control the rate of flow of a fluid through a
hydraulic circuit. Flow-control valves accurately limit the fluid volume rate from fixed
displacement pump to or from branch circuits. Their function is to provide velocity control of
linear actuators, or speed control of rotary actuators. Typical application includes regulating
cutting tool speeds, spindle speeds, surface grinder speeds, and the travel rate of vertically
supported loads moved upward and downward by forklifts, and dump lifts. Flow-control valves
also allow one fixed displacement pump to supply two or more branch circuits fluid at different
flow rates on a priority basis. Typically, fixed displacement pumps are sized to supply
maximum system volume flow rate demands. For industrial applications feeding two or more
branch circuits from one pressurized manifold source, an oversupply of fluid in any circuit
operated by itself is virtually assured. Mobile applications that supply branch circuits, such as
the power steering and front-end loader from one pump pose a similar situation. If left
unrestricted, branch circuits receiving an oversupply of fluid would operate at greater than
specified velocity, increasing the likelihood of damage to work, hydraulic system and operator.

Functions of Flow-Control Valves


Flow-control valves have several functions, some of which are listed below:

1. Regulate the speed of linear and rotary actuators:


One of the most important function of this type is controlling the speed of piston that
is dependent on the flow rate and area of the piston:

2. Regulate the power available to the sub-circuits by controlling the flow to them:

3. Proportionally divide or regulate the pump flow to various branches of the circuit:
It transfers the power developed by the main pump to different sectors of the circuit to
manage multiple tasks, if necessary.
Classification of Flow-Control Valves
Flow-control valves can be classified as follows:
1. Non-pressure compensated.
2. Pressure compensated.
1. Non-Pressure-Compensated Valves
Non-pressure-compensated flow-control valves are used when the system pressure is relatively
constant and motoring speeds are not too critical. The operating principle behind these valves
is that the flow through an orifice remains constant if the pressure drop across it remains the
same. In other words, the rate of flow through an orifice depends on the pressure drop across
it.
The disadvantage of these valves is discussed below. The inlet pressure is the pressure from
the pump that remains constant. Therefore, the variation in pressure occurs at the outlet that is
defined by the work load. This implies that the flow rate depends on the work load. Hence, the
speed of the piston cannot be defined accurately using non-pressure-compensated flow-control
valves when the working load varies. This is an extremely important problem to be addressed
in hydraulic circuits where the load and pressure vary constantly.

2. Pressure-Compensated Valves
Pressure-compensated flow-control valves overcome the difficulty caused by non-pressure
compensated valves by changing the size of the orifice in relation to the changes in the system
pressure. This is accomplished through a spring-loaded compensator spool that reduces the size
of the orifice when pressure drop increases. Once the valve is set, the pressure compensator
acts to keep the pressure drop nearly constant. It works on a kind of feedback mechanism from
the outlet pressure. This keeps the flow through the orifice nearly constant.
Schematic diagram of a pressure compensated flow-control valve is shown in the figures below.
A pressure-compensated flow-control valve consists of a main spool and a compensator spool.
The adjustment knob controls the main spool’s position, which controls the orifice size at the
outlet. The upstream pressure is delivered to the valve by the pilot. The compensator spring
biases the spool so that it tends toward the fully open position. If the pressure drop across the
valve increases, that is, the upstream pressure increases relative to the downstream pressure,
the compensator spool moves to the right against the force of the spring. This reduces the flow
that in turn reduces the pressure drop and tries to attain an equilibrium position as far as the
flow is concerned.
Figure: Pressure-Compensated Valve (a) no load (b) partially loaded (c) full loaded

QUICK EXHAUST VALVE


Quick exhaust valves work by providing a rapid exhaust of controlled air when placed directly
onto an air cylinder after the control valve. The seal inside Clippard's quick exhaust valve is
shaped like a bat wing. When air pressure is sent to the cylinder, it hits the back side of the seal
and pushes the front side against the exhaust port. This seals it off and allows air to enter the
cylinder.
When the control valve is shifted, the bat wing design of the seal begins to catch the exhausting
air and shifts itself over to block off the original inlet. This allows all the exhaust air to
immediately dump out the exhaust port.
Quick Exhaust Valves in Cylinder Applications
In a typical application, the exhaust valve is installed in the inlet of a spring return or double
acting pneumatic cylinder. Supply air from a control valve is directed into the inlet port of the
exhaust valve. The nitrile poppet seals the exhaust port and allows air to flow from the outlet port
of the valve into the cylinder. The pressurized air then pushes against the piston and extends the
rod, compressing the spring, until full rod extension is achieved.
When the control valve exhausts air from the exhaust valve inlet port, the nitrile poppet shifts to
seal the inlet port and open the exhaust port to the cylinder. The pressurized air is then allowed to
exhaust directly through the exhaust valve to atmosphere Normally the air Cylinder Extends
must travel back through the long air line to the control valve to exhaust. However, by mounting
the exhaust valve directly on the cylinder, the piston retracts quickly since the distance to
atmosphere is very short and unrestricted

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