Section 7: Right to Information

• Only limited to matters of public concern.

Section 8: Right to form unions, associations or societies

Section 9: Right to just compensation

• Eminent Domain
- Power of the Government to take away private property.
- For public use
- For just compensation Considered to be the sum
• Police Power equivalent to the market value
• Taxation of the property.

Section 10: Non-impairment clause

Section 11: Free Access to Courts

Section 12: Rights of Person under custodial investigation

Section 13: Right to Bail

 • Bail Defined: Bail is a constitutional right in the Philippines, allowing an accused person to be
released from custody by posting a bond or property guaranteeing their appearance at trial.
• Purpose: The main purpose of bail is to ensure that the accused will appear in court when required.
• General Rule: Bail is generally available for most offenses. A right that cannot be denied of.
• Exception: punishable by life imprisonment or death when evidence of guilt is strong. The court
has the discretion to grant or deny bail based on factors such as the severity of the offense, risk of
flight, and the evidence presented.
• Type of Bails:
1. Bail by Recognizance
2. Cash Bail
3. Property Bond
4. Surety Bond

Section 14: Rights of the Accused / Presumption of Innocence

• The rights of the accused includes:

1. Criminal due process
2. Presumption of innocence
3. Right to be heard by himself or counsel
4. Right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him
5. Right to speedy, impartial and public trial
6. Right to meet the witnesses face to face
7. Right to compulsory process to secure attendance of witnesses and production of evidence
and;
8. Trial in absentia

You should have the body

Section 15: Writ of Habeas Corpus

• An order coming from the court to IMMEDIATELY release (produce his body) the prisoner if the
court finds that the detention is WITHOUT legal cause or authority.

Section 16: Right to a speedy disposition

Section 17: Right Against Self-incrimination

• Incriminate means to accuse or charge with a crime or fault or to criminate.

 • Self-incrimination – when the accused chooses to remain silent, he shall suffer NO penalty for
such silence. the accused is exempt from being a witness against him or to testify as witness in his
own behalf.

Section 18: No Detention for Political Beliefs

Section 19: Protection against cruel and inhuman punishment

The Good Citizenship Values
• Filipino values presented in the Preamble have been simplified and categorized into the following:
- Maka-Diyos
- Maka-Tao
- Maka-Kalikasan
- Maka-Bayan

1. Pagkamaka-Diyos / Maka-Diyos
• Faith in the Almighty God (imploring the aid of Almighty God) – You should see Him as your
ultimate source, with limitless power to assist you in your work, meet your needs, and guide you
through challenges and crises. However, faith alone is meaningless without action.
• Respect for Life – You should value and respect the dignity of others, keeping an open mind and
kind attitude, allowing you to recognize their unique talents and roles. Life is precious. It is your
duty to respect, protect, nurture, and preserve the human life from the moment of its conception.
• Value of Order – It is about doing "first things first," which means taking the right action at the
right time and place without hesitation. It requires discipline of the mind, emotions, and actions.
This discipline is necessary to live a peaceful, successful, and productive life. Without it, situations
of panic, unrest, confusion, and chaos may arise.
• Work – Work is a gift, integral to human nature and destiny. God provides talents to be used wisely,
aiming for excellence in all endeavors. Hard work, quality, and honesty are key to being a
productive and self-reliant citizen. More than the quantity of work, it’s the love, integrity, and
honesty put into it that truly matters.
• Concern for the Family and Future Generations – This value highlights that the family is a gift from
God, serving as a sanctuary of life and the core unit of society. Families provide strength and
inspiration, and it’s essential to uphold responsibilities to keep them united against forces that may
erode their values. A family is more valuable than any worldly gain and should always be cherished
as one of life’s greatest gifts, upheld by love, understanding, and mutual respect.

2. Pagkamaka-Tao / Maka-Tao
• Love – Love is essential because it provides answers during difficult times. Through love, we care,
respect, accept, forgive, and trust. However, despite its importance, not everyone has truly learned
how to live in love, which holds back our nation’s progress. Love requires sacrifice, responsibility,
and service, uniting us and driving national progress. Let love guide every step of our journey as a
nation.
• Freedom (democracy and independence) – Freedom is a recognition of individuality, human rights,
and duties, but it is always tied to responsibility. It is the power to choose how to live, given by
God. The freedom enjoyed today is the result of the love, hardship, and sacrifices of our ancestors,
as seen in historic events. True freedom requires understanding its limits, practicing discipline, and
acting for the good of others while avoiding wrongdoing.
• Peace – Peace is achieved through acts of kindness, cooperation, and avoiding violence in resolving
conflicts. It is a gift from God, nurtured by prayer, strong faith, and concern for others. Peace
flourishes with harmony, order, and a commitment to reject violence in all aspects of life.
• Truth – The value of truth lies in living passionately with honesty and sincerity. It is essential for
freedom and requires transparency, integrity, courage, and humility. Though pursuing truth
demands sacrifices, it showcases one's capacity to live with integrity. Honesty should guide all
aspects of life, as the truth ultimately leads to freedom; lies hold no goodness.
• Justice – Justice is valued through the promotion of ethical practices that foster social equity,
ensuring healthy working conditions and fair labor practices while combating corruption and
misuse of power. It is vital for creating a society that respects human dignity and provides
 opportunities for development and happiness. Ultimately, justice means giving everyone what they
are due.

3. Pagkamaka-Bayan / Maka-Bayan
• Unity – Unity as a value of good citizenship means that all Filipino citizens are expected to come
together as one community.
• Equality – This value emphasizes treating everyone with dignity and respect, regardless of religion,
culture, gender, social status, or race. All individuals are created equal and deserve fair treatment
in the spirit of love and justice. To foster a happy, caring, and peaceful community, it is essential to
avoid irrational judgments and to actively protect each person's right to equality.
• Respect for Law and Government (Rule of Law) – Being a law-abiding citizen is essential,
regardless of the government in power. Laws exist to serve the interests of all citizens, not just a
select few. It is important to seek a deeper understanding of the law to follow it effectively and to
uphold values without compromising them through illegal actions. One should critically evaluate
the decision to obey laws and recognize the importance of government work. Upholding respect
for the rights and authority established by law is a patriotic duty that promotes peace and order for
the nation.
• Patriotism (conserve and develop our patrimony) – Patriotism involves being a vigilant citizen who
prioritizes the welfare of the nation and commits to serving its interests, regardless of the
government in power. Everyone has a duty to contribute to national development, protect integrity,
and uphold the rights and dignity of the people. Expressing pride in personal and national identity
and engaging in responsible voting are key ways to foster patriotism.
• Common Good – The term "common good" refers to the collective goods and social conditions that
enable individuals and groups to achieve their fulfillment more easily and fully. It consists of three
essential elements:
➢ Respect for each person's fundamental and inalienable human rights
➢ The social well-being and development of the community
➢ Peace for the stability and security of a just society.

4. Pagkamaka-kalikasan / Maka-kalikasan
• Concern for the Environment – This value emphasizes the importance of implementing an efficient
and sustainable nationwide "clean and green" program. As stewards of creation, there is a pressing
need to address environmental destruction, which threatens both current and future generations. It
is essential to treat the environment with respect and use resources wisely. Nature should be
regarded as a precious entity, deserving care and appreciation for its beauty and wonders. Simple
actions, like disposing of trash properly and minimizing plastic use, can make a significant
difference. Caring for nature ensures clean air, safe drinking water, and a healthy life, ultimately
preserving a livable future for generations to come.