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    Speaking II

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    TEOH EAK SOON

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Speaking II

    Uploaded by

    TEOH EAK SOON
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    Speaking_II

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    7 views3 pages

    Speaking II

    Uploaded by

    TEOH EAK SOON

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    7/3/2023

    Sentence Stress
    Lecture: ◦ In an English sentence, some words are stressed on more
    than the others.
    SPEAKING (II)
    Sentence Stress ◦ In other words, some words are pronounced louder than
    others.
    Rhythm
    ◦ Like word stress, sentence stress can help you to
    Intonation in Speech understand spoken English, especially when spoken fast.

    ◦ Sentence stress is what gives English its rhythm or "beat".

    ◦ Word stress – put emphasis on one syllable within a word.


    Rules for Sentence Stress in English

    ◦ Sentence stress – put emphasis on certain words within a ◦ The basic rules of sentence stress are:
    sentence. 1. content words are stressed
    2. structure words are unstressed
    ◦ Most sentences have two types of words: 3. the time between stressed words is always the same
    content words
    structure words

    ◦ Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are


    the important words that carry the meaning or sense.

    Content words - stressed Structure words - unstressed

    Words carrying the Example Words for correct Example


    meaning grammar
    main verbs SELL, GIVE, EMPLOY pronouns he, we, they

    nouns CAR, MUSIC, MARY prepositions on, at, into

    adjectives RED, BIG, INTERESTING articles a, an, the

    adverbs QUICKLY, LOUDLY, conjunctions and, but, because


    NEVER
    auxiliary verbs do, be, have, can, must
    negative auxiliaries DON'T, AREN'T, CAN'T

    1
    7/3/2023

    Exceptions
    Combination of word stress and sentence stress
    ◦ The rules in the previous slides are for what is called
    "neutral" or normal stress.
    ◦ But sometimes we can stress a word that would
    normally be only a structure word I am a proFESsional phoTOgrapher whose MAIN
    e.g : To correct information INterest is to TAKE SPEcial, BLACK and WHITE
    "They've been to Mongolia, haven't they?" PHOtographs that exHIBit ABstract MEANings in
    "No, THEY haven't, but WE have.
    their photoGRAPHic STRUCture.
    ◦ Note also that when "be" is used as a main verb, it
    is usually unstressed.

    Intonation
    Intonation contours in English
    ◦ The rise and fall of pitch throughout is called its intonation
    ◦ Not all rises and falls in pitch in an English phrase can be
    attributed to stress. contour.

    ◦ The same set of segments and word stresses can occur ◦ English has a number of intonation patterns which add
    with a number of pitch patterns. conventionalized meanings to the utterance: question,
    statement, surprise, disbelief, sarcasm, teasing.
    ◦ Consider the difference between:
    You're going. (statement)
    You're going? (question)

    Con’t… Intonation Contour


    Figure 1.1 Nancy bought a new house on Thursday.

    An important feature of English intonation is the use of an Intonation contour for a statement with stress on ‘Thursday’.
    intonational accent (and extra stress) to mark the focus of a
    sentence. Figure 1.2 Nancy bought a new house on Thursday.

    Intonation contour for a statement with stress on ‘house’.


    Normally this focus accent goes to the last major word of the
    Figure 1.3 Nancy bought a new house on Thursday.
    sentence, but it can come earlier in order to emphasise one
    of the earlier words or to contrast it with something else. Intonation contour for a statement with stress on ‘new’.

    Figure 1.4 Nancy bought a new house on Thursday.

    Intonation contour for a statement with stress on the first word ‘Nancy’.

    2
    7/3/2023

    Questions Final falling pitch/intonation for Wh - question


    ◦ The normal intonation contours for questions in English:
    Use falling intonation when asking wh - questions, but use
    Final rising pitch/intonation for a Yes/No question rising intonation to express high-energy emotions like
    Are you coming today? anger, excitement or shock.
    When are you coming?
    Is everything ok with you?
    Where are you going?
    Have you submitted your claim?
    How on earth did you find out?

    The End

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