WEB TECHNOLOGY Question Bank 2 Marks & 16 marks UNIT – I PART - A 1.

DEFINE INTERNET. Network is an interconnection of systems to share data

and information. Internet is network of network or collection of
heterogeneous networks. 2. WHAT IS THE USE OF IP ADDRESSES AND
PORTS? It is very difficult to remember the IP address of each and every
node. It order to avoid this problem domain names are used. Example
googl.com, rediff.com etc. PORTS Ports are used in receiving and sending
data to another server or client. Example for port numbers Protocol Port
Protocol Purpose Echo 7 TCP/UDP Echo is a test protocol used to verify
that 2 machines 1. are able to connect by having one echo back the
Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP, UDP) Internet layer (IP) Physical
path(Ethernet, FDDI etc) other’s input. Discard 9 TCP/UDP Discard is a less
useful test protocol in which all data 2. received by the server is ignored.
FTP 21 SMTP 25 HTTP 80 POP3 110 NTP 119 Usenet News transfer is more
formally known as the Network News Transfer Protocol RMI Registry 1099
This is the registry service for Java Remote Objects. 3. MENTION THE
DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRESS CLASS AND IT’S RANGE. Internet
addresses are assigned to different organizations by the Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA). ISP – Internet Service Providers gives a block
addresses. Class C address block specifies the first 3 bytes of address, for
example 199.1.32. This allows room for 254 individual addresses from
199.1.32.1 to 199.1.32.254 Class B address specified only the first 2 bytes
of the addresses . There are also Class D and E addresses are used for IP
multicast group. 4. DEFINE FIREWALL. The hardware and software that sits
between the Internet and the local network, checking all the data that
comes and goes out is called “firewalls”. The security is provided using
SSL(Secure Socket Layer) in internet. 5. DEFINE PROXY SERVERS Proxy
servers are related to firewalls prevents hosts on a network from making
direct connections to the outside world, a proxy server can act as a go-
between. Thus a machine that is prevented from connecting to the
external network by a firewall would make a request for a web page from
the local proxy server instead of requesting the web page directly from
the remote web server. 6. WHAT IS THE USE OF HTTP PROTOCOL? HTTP is
a standard protocol that defines how a web client talks to a server and
how data is transferred from the server back to the client. HTTP relies
heavily on two other standards. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions), HTML 7. WHAT IS THE USE OF MIME?(Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extension) MIME is a way to encode different kinds of data, such as
sound and text, to be transmitted over a 7-bit ASCII connection. It also lets
the recipient know what kind of data has been sent, so that it can be
displayed properly. MIME was originally designed to facilitate multimedia
email and to provide an encoding that could get binary data past the most
train –damaged mail transfer programs. 8. DEFINE URL & URN. URL-
Uniform Recourse Locator is a way to unambiguously identify the location
of a resource on the Interned. URI Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of
characters in a particular syntax that identifies a resource. The resource
identified may be a file on a server, but it may also be an email address, a
news message, b book, a person’s name, an Internet host. Syntax
Scheme: scheme-specific-part Scheme types data – base 64 encoded data
included directly in a link file – A file on a local disk FTP – An FTP server
gopher – a Gopher server mailto – an email address news – A Usenet
newsgroup Telnet – A connection to a Telnet based service (only used in
Remote Login System) urn – Uniform Resource Name 9. EXPLAIN ABOUT
URN There are 2 types of URLs. URL – Unform Resource Locaters (is a
pointer to a particular resource on the Internet at a particular location.)
URNs – Uniform Resource Name (is a name for a particular resource but
without reference to a particular location) SYNTAX OF URN
urn:namespace:resource-name namespace - is the name of a collection of
certain kinds of resources maintained by some authority. resource-name –
is the name of a resource within that collection. 10. WHAT IS MEANT BY
RELATIVE URL? URLs that are not complete but inherit pieces from their
parent are called relative URL. In contrast, a completely specified URL is
called an absolute URL address. 11. EXPLAIN ABOUT SGML – STANDARD
GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE • HTML is an instance of SGML. • SGML
was invented beginning in the mid-1970s by Charles Goldfarb at IBM •
SGML is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard,
specifically ISO 8879:1986. • SGML allows the user to create various user
defined tags easily without any rules. EXAMPLE 1 – FOR PRODUCT DETAILS
-Assumed as record name KEY BOARD KEY BOARD 1500

THIS IS CENTERED H1 HEADING

• STYLES can be introduced for XML program like CSS using XLS file(XML
Style Sheet program) • Here XML styles are saved with an extension
of .xls (XML style sheet) • Using .xls files various styles can be given to
the data which is inside the XML program. 13. LIST THE STEPS FUNCTIONS
OF HTTP PROTOCOL. Standard protocol for communication between web
browsers and web servers. HTTP specifies how a client and server
establish a connection, how the client requests data from the server, how
the server responds to that request, and finally how the connection is
closed. HTTP 1.0 is the currently accepted version of the protocol. It uses
MIME to encode data. The basic protocol defines a sequence of 4 steps for
each request from a client to the server. Making the connection Making a
request Receiving the response Closing the connection 14. WHAT IS
DOMAIN & MENTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMAINS? Domain is a place
where information is available. DOMAIN NAME EXTENSION .edu – Servers
that provide Educational services .gov – About the government of a
country. .mil – Servers that provide military information. .org – Provide
information about the organizations in the world. .com – Servers providing
commercial services on the Internet. 15. WRITE THE FORMAT OF HTML
PROGRAM

…. Type the body of the program

Note: All the tags in HTML program are optional, however the file should
be saved in .html extension. 16. MENTION SOME TEXT FORMATTING TAGS

- is used for introducing various paragraphs.

- this tag is used for giving an empty blank line. HEADING TAGS -

..

is used to introduce various headings.

is the biggest and h6 is the smallest heading tag.

TAG – is used to draw lines and horizontal rules. ,, for bold, italic
and underline respectively. 17. EXPLAIN ABOUT LIST TAG. TYPES
OF LISTS Unordered lists Ordered lists UNORDERED LISTS It starts
with

and ends with

Attributes of Unordered lists TYPE: TYPE = FILLROUND or TYPE =

SQUARE EXAMPLE

 CSE

 IT

ORDERED LISTS (NUMBERING> TYPE: Controls the numbering

scheme to be used TYPE = “1” will give counting numbers (1,2,…
> “A” will give A,B,C.. “a” will give a,b,c “I” starts with Capital
roman letters I,II,II… “I” starts with small case roman letters
START: Alters the numbering sequence, can be set to any numeric
value VALUE: Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an
ordered list EXAMPLE

5. CSE

6. IT

OUTPUT 5 CSE 6 IT 18. EXPLAIN THE ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG

WITH AN EXAMPLE A table is a two dimensional matrix, consisting
of rows and columns. All table related tags are included between

tags.
Heading

Row elements

Table data
values

ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG ALIGN Horizontal alignment is

controlled by the ALIGN attribute. It can be set to LEFT, CENTER,
or RIGHT VALIGN Controls the vertical alignment of cell contents.
It accepts the values TOP, MIDDLE or BOTTOM WIDTH Sets the
WIDTH of a specific number of pixels or to a percentage of the
available screen width. BORDER Controls the border to be placed
around the table. CELLPADING This attribute controls the distance
between the data in a cell and the boundaries of the cell
CELLSPACING Controls the spacing between adjacent cells
COLSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more columns
ROWSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more rows.
EXAMPLE

Roll
Ag
Numbe
e
r

ALIGN: ALIGN = TOP, MIDDLE,BOTTOM BORDER: Specifies the size

of the border to place around the image. WIDTH: Specifies the
width of the image in pixels. HEIGHT: Specifies the height of the
image in pixels HSPACE: Indicates the amount of space to the left
and right of the image VSPACE: Indicates the amount of apace to
the top and bottom of the image. 19. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY
COLUMN SPANNING AND ROW SPANNING? Row spanning is used
to merge (combine) two or more rows. Column spanning is used
to merge (combine) two or more columns. 20. MENTION THE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKS HTML allows linking to other HTML
documents as well as images. There are 3 attributes that can be
introduced in BODY tag. LINK – Changes the default color of a
Hyperlink to whatever color is specified with this tag. ALINK –
Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is activated to
whatever color is specified with this tag. VLINK – Changes the
default color of a hyperlink that is already visited to whatever
color is specified with this tag. NOTE: User can specify the color
name of a hyperlink or an equivalent hexadecimal number.
EXTERNAL LINKS SYNTAX Hyper Text Message 21. EXPLAIN IMAGE
MAPS WITH ITS SYNTAX When a hyperlink is created on an image,
clicking on any part of the image will lead to opening of the
document specified in the . Linked regions of an image map are
called hot regions and each hot region is associated with a
filename.html. Syntax ATTRIBUTES OF IMAGE MAPS COORDS:
Each of the above shapes takes different coordinates as
parameters. Rectangle – 4 coordinates (x1,y2,x3,y2) POLYGON: 3
or more coordinates. HREF – Takes the name of the .html file that
s linked to the particular area on the image. 22. EXPLAIN ABOUT
HTML FORM TAG WITH ITS ATTRIBUTES. HTML form provides
several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing
your site. The syntax of the form is

• The METHOD attribute indicates the way the web server will
organize and send you the form output. • Use METHOD = “post”
in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when
updating a database. • The ACTION attribute in the FORM tag is
the path to this script; in this case, it is a common script which
emails form data to an address. Most Internet Service Providers
will have a script like this on their site. 23. MENTION THE
VARIOUS FORM ELEMENTS. Various elements or controls can be
created in FORM using tag. They are 1. Label 2. Text box 3. Text
Area 4. Radio button 5. Check box 6. List box 7. Command button
8. Scroll bars 24. WHAT IS THE USE OF FRAMES IN HTML GIVE THE
SYNTAX OF FRAMES Frames are used to call many html files at
the same time. This can be done using tags. ATTRIBUTES OF
FRAMES ROWS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into
multiple rows. It can be set equal to a list of values. Depending
on the required size of each row. The values can • A number of
pixels • Expressed as a percentage of the screen resolution • The
symbol *, which indicates the remaining space. COLS – This
attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple columns.
EXAMPLE => Divides the screen into 2 rows, • occupying the
remaining space => Divides the first row into 2 equal columns =>
Divides the second row into 2 equal columns 25. What is the
difference between node and host? A node is any addressable
device connected to a network whereas the host is a more
specific descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose
computer rather than a single purpose device (such as a printer).
26. Define protocol. A protocol is a formal set of rules that must
be followed in order to communicate. 27. Define port. A port is a
logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The
applications running on the host machines are uniquely identified
by port numbers. 28. What do you mean by well-known ports?
Port numbers can range from 1 to 65535, however ports 1 to
1023 are reserved. These reserved ports are referred to as we1l-
known ports because the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
publicly documents the applications that use them. 29. What is
meant by Name Resolution? Name Resolution is the process of
mapping a hostname to its corresponding IP Address. One way to
translate a hostname to an IP address is to look it up in a simple
text file. The second way is the domain name service, which is a
distributed database containing all registered hostnames on the
Internet and their IP addresses. 30. Define URI, URL, URN. • URI
(Uniform Resource Identifier): It identifies an object on the
Internet. • URL (Uniform Resource Locator): It is a specification
for identifying an object such as a file, newsgroup, CGI program
or e-mail address by indicating the exact location on the internet.
• URN (Uniform Resource Name): It is a method for referencing an
object without declaring the full path to the object. 31. What are
the components of HTTP URL? The components are host, an
optional port, path, filename, section and query string. 32. Define
URL encoding. URL encoding involves replacing all unsafe and
nonprintable characters with a percent sign (%) followed by two
hexadecimal digits corresponding to the character\'s ASCII value.
33. What are the issues of next generation IP? The issues to be
considered in IP next generation are o Addresses Space Growth o
Support large Global networks o A clear way of transition from
the existing IP to new IP next generation 34. List the goals of
SGML. • To manage the flow of millions of pages. • For
structuring information exchange • For modeling inter-document
linkages • For managing information flows between departments
and weapons systems 35. What is the role of server? The server •
Manages application tasks • Handles storage • Handles security •
Provides scalability • Handles accounting and distribution 36.
What are the necessities of using HTML forms? 1. Gathering user
information 2. Conducting Surveys 3. Interactive services 37.
What are the sequences of steps for each HTTP request from a
client to the server? 1. Making the connection 2. Making a
request 3. The response 4. Closing the connection 38. List the
predefined MIME content types. 1. Text 2. Multipart 3. Message 4.
Image 5. Audio 6. Video 7. Model 8. Application 39. Define HTML.
It is a simple page description language, which enables document
creation for the web. 40. What is meant by loop back address? A
zone that enables the server to direct traffic to itself. The host
number is almost always 127.0.0.1. 41. Explain about HTTP
Connection. It is a communication channel between web browser
and web server. It begins on the client side with the browser
sending a request to the web server for a document. Request
Header Fields are 1. From 2. Reference 3. If_modified_since 4.
Pragma 5. User Agent 42. What do mean by search engine? It is a
program or web page that enables you to search an Internet site
for a specific keywords or words. 43. How do search engine work?
When you enter a keyword, the search engine examines its online
database and presents to you a listing of sites that, in theory ,
match your search criteria. 44. Discuss about the client/server
strategies in Internet. • Application Server • Database Server •
Transaction Server • Six client/server models 45. Explain about