CLASS NOTES GRAMMAR — eNO lier eN = elnaty Cor SSC/BANK /CDS /NDA etc a Aman Sir English en a a : MER oon —_—_—_——eg aren LC 9 Agar book moin kol major dikkat nahi ho toh please! book ko return na karein kyunki bhale hi Amazon, ete I pr delivery apke llye free show ki Jaatl hai lekin I obviously seller ko yani mujhe amazon ete ko har | i order ki delivery fees deni hoti hai. Agar aap book | i rakhte hain to one way delivery charges (approx Rs ll 80) dene hote hain or return karte hain to 2 way ! | delivery charges (Rs 160) dene padte hain. \ Unnecessary returns se bhut Jada loss hota hai. I Maine iss book ko bnane mein bhut time and efforts | Igaye hain isliye agar aap book ke contents se ll | Satisfied hain to Amazon pe book ka positive review ll | Jarur post karein.\ o\ -_ ° NOoannone Copyright © AVSEC CLASSES LLP TOPIC Basics Pronoun Adjective Main Verb Modals Noun Adverb+Inversion+ Present Subjunctive Mood Article Subject Verb Agreement Tense Conjunction Preposition Advance Verb Question Tag Superfluous Conditionals Voice Narration PAGE NUMBER . 1-35 36-85 86-115 116-132 133-142 143-162 163-189 190-201 202-216 217-241 242-253 254-280 281-300 301-307 308-314 315-321 322-338 339-347 Note :- The copyright of this book belongs solely with AVSEC CLASSES LLP. Copying this book or any part of the book will be punishable under the copyright act 2012. No part of the book may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means like electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval systems without the prior permission of the AVSEC CLASSES LLP. All disputes subject will be proceeded in Jaipur Jurisdiction only. / a >= FA @apna_pdf \ I)CHAPTER Rea) + & noun is the name of a person, Place, thing, Noun: or, idea, “acts as subject / object” Eg. Mohan bought a book, v vvy Sub(N) Verb Article obj(N) Explanation: - Iss sentence mei Noun hei, kyunki ye ek person ka naam hai Aur [Book | bhi Noun hai kyunki yeh ek thing ka naam hai. Pronoun: + A pronoun is a word used in place of a Noun, E.g. He bought a book. vVovoy Sub verb obj) Iss sentence mein He | ek pronoun hai kyunki, yeh ek Noun ki jagah aaya hai; aur | Book | ek Noun hai jo ki ek thing ka naam hai. raha hei and iske |, II, II! form bhi hote hai, Bought Action ko represent kar isliye yeh ek \Verb | hai. Verb: * A verb expresses action or being. Eg. Rahul stole a ring. Vv Viv Vv Sub verb Article Obj (N) Explanation: - Iss sentence mein freole| ek verb hai kyunki yeh action ko represent kar rahi hai and iske |, II, Ill form bhi hote hain, [Rahul lek noun hai kyunki yeh ek name of person noi. [Ring | ek object hai kyunki yeh ek noun hai aur verb ka effect isi par hei, Object humesha noun/pronoun hi bante hai. Adjective: * An adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun, Eg. Mohan bought a big house. v v vow Sub verb Adj obj (N) AMAN SIR ENGLISH = PET ocrna payExplanation: - Iss sentene mein [Big | adjective hai kyunki yeh Noun(House) ko quelify ja, Mohan] r raha hai yo isko describe kar raha hal subject hoi kyunki bought, verb ka ‘doer wap Yah} hai. verb hai kyunki wabi action ko represent kar rahi hai aur iske |, 11, 111 form by 7 hote he jouse] object hai kyunki action ka effect usi par pad rha hai. Adverb: ‘An adverb qualifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Rohan walks slowly. Vv v Vv Sub verb Adverb Explanation: - Iss sentence mein [slowly] ek adverb hai kyunki wo verb “Cwalk)’ ko qualify ya describe kar rahi hai. [Rohan] subject hai kyunki Action verb ‘walk’, ka doer wahi hai. Note: - Jab action ya verb ka transfer hoga tab object aayega sentence mein. Agar action transfer nahi hoga toh object nahi aayega. Conjunctiot 4 conjunction joins words, phrases or clauses. E. E.g. Ram and Shyam are playing cricket. Vey Vv Vv Vv Sub conj Sub(N) HV MV object (N) Explanation: - Iss sentene mein [And] ek conjuction hai kyunki wahi Ram aur shyam ko jodne ka kaam kar raha hai. [Ram and Shyam | , dono subject ka kaam kar rahe hai kyunki and, conjunction ne unhe join kar raha hai Preposition: Relates a Noun or pronoun with other words of the sentence. Or A preposition is @ word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence. Function of prepositio + Sentence mein new information add karne ke liye jode jane wale Noun ya Pronoun ko connect karna, £9. | saw Rajesh in a Park. vv v wey Sub V Object pre. Noun(Pre.O) ut Explanation: - ar) : planation: - Iss sentene mein lin) ek preposition hai kyunki wahi other words of sentence part i: 7 ko Noun (Rajesh) se relate karne ka kaam kar raha hai. And Park, preposition Cin) object banne ka kaam kar raha hai yaani wahi preposition ka object hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH a>Eg. | bought a football yesterday. Tee v Common(N) Explanation: ~ According to sense of sentence featball yahan por ‘common Noun’ banoga, Eg. Elephant is my favorite animal, v Proper(N) Explanation: - Iss sentence mein elephant ‘proper noun’ hai Kyunki yahan ise specific kiya jaa rha hai, Eg. | saw an elephant yesterday, Vv Common(N) Explanation: - According to sense of sentence ‘elephant’ yahan par ‘common noun’ hai, How to find error by using types of Noun: A slice of¥ [piece of Eg. Mohan had eaten only | one |x bread before he went to office. Explanation: - Yahan ‘Bread’ ek ‘material noun’ hai jo ki uncountable category mein aata hai isliye one ki Jagah ‘a slice of” or ‘a piece of’ ka use karenge. Uncountable Noun ke liye one, two, three, five etc. jaise word nahi use kiye jaate hai. Eg. Despite several hardships, He did not leave the path of [An |e Honesty. Explanation: - Yahan ‘an’ nahi ayega kyunki, honesty abstract noun hai jo ki uncountable ki category mein jayega toh iske liye countable word COne, A, An, Two, Five etc.) use nahi kiye ja sakte hai, Function of Noun: ¢ It can be a subject/object/prepositional object/subject complement/object complement. Eg. Rohan broke a chair. Voewiyv Sub(N) verb object(N) v v Proper common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Rohan ek Noun hai jo ki subject banne ka kaam kar raha hai. Chair bhi ek Noun hai jo ki object banne ka kaam kar raha hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH a£4 4 An integjection is a word used to express emotions or feelings Hurray! We Won the Match, Vv vv v Interj. sub Verb object (N) Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Interjection hai kyunki wahi sentence mein ‘joy’ wali feeling ya emotion ko express kar raha hai. { We] subject hai kyunki wahi Action verb Gwon) ka doer hai.| Match] object hai kyunki Action verb_Cwon) ka effect usi par pda hai. Lea Proper Noun: — Names of people, Books, places or organizations are proper Noun. Note: - Proper nouns always starts with a capital letter. 4. Ram, Delhi, Bible, Taj Mahal, ete. Common Noui According to Cambridge dictionary, A common is defined as ‘A Noun that is the name of a group of similar things, such as “Table” or “Book” and not of a single person, place or thing’, « ” : CHG 4. Student, City, Book, Monument ete. Collective Noun: = Collective nouns are nouns used to describe a group of people, Animals, Or things as one unit. £4, Team, Jury, Gang, Bevy, A gaggles of geese, A troop of monkeys, A band of monkeys, A band of musicians, A crew, A fomily etc. Mai iterial Noun: - A material Noun denotes the matter or substances of which things are produced or made. It is also called (Mass Noun. Eg: ron, copper, sand, milk, water ete, Abstract noun: - Abstract nouns are naming words that you cannot see, perceive by any of your five senses. Eg. Honesty, Bravery, Love, Hate, etc. smell, touch or Common Noun and Collective Noun: - Countable Noun Proper, Material and Abstract Noun: - NOTE: - Noun ke types ko differentiate kame ke lige pehle dekhenge ki wo countable hai ya uncountable hai. i Uncountable Noun Countable > Common ya collective noun hoga. Uncountable -> Material Noun ya Abstract Noun ya proper Noun hoga. AMAN SIR ENGLISH = Io -SS Tea — Material Noun Explanation: - Teo, material noun hoga kyunki ise count nahi kiya jaa sokta ho. rai. Hun log cup ko count karte hai jaise | cup tea, S cup tea etc. na ki tea ko count karte h al. => Chair —» Common Noun tion: - Chair ko count kiya ja sakta hai isliye yeh common Noun hoga, Aur chi . Aur chair toh Explanai Lisi collection ka naam hai nahi jo collective noun banega, Toh ‘chair’ cc ‘ommn 10n noun hi baneg, Ink —> Material Noun Explanation: - ‘Ink’ Material Noun hoga kyunki yeh ek liquid hai aur isko count bhi nahi ki ya ‘joa sakta hai, Toh ‘ink’ material Noun hoga. => Song — Common Noun in hoga kyunki isko count kiya ja sakta hai Explanation: - ‘Song’ common nou) => Music —» Abstract Noun Explanation:- ‘Music’ Abstract Noun hoga kyunki isko count nahi kiya jaa sakto hai only Feel Kiya jaa sakta hai toh yeh ‘Abstract Noun’ ke under aayega. => Air— Material Noun mein measure kiya jaa sak Explanation: Air ka volume cm’? ta hai. Iski existence bhi hai toh yeh ‘material Noun’ hai. => Star —» Common Noun Explanation: - ‘Star’ common noun hoga Kyunki isko count kiya jaa sakta hai => Football —> Common/proper Noun ‘football’ can be both common and proper ~ According to sense of sentence Explanation: noun. => Elephant — Cormmon/proper Noun Explanation: - According to sense of sentence ‘elephant’ can be both common and proper noun. Note: - kist noun ko plural banakar usko collective noun nahi banaya ja sakta hai, collective noun banane ke liye ek new word dena hoga For example- = Common Common Collective Team (New word) Player (SL) Players (PL) Judge (st) Judges (PL) E.g. Football is my favorite game. Jury (New word) v Proper (N) Ex; ; : planation: - According to sense of sentence faotboll yahan par ‘proper Noun’ ban raha hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH FA @apna_pdfEg. The teacher punished kunal. v v v sub(N) verb — object(N) v v Common proper teacher ek common noun hal jo ki subject bonne bap 2m Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Lar raha hai aur Kunal ek proper noun hai jo ki object banne ka kaam kar raha hai Hints — Verb se kya (what) aur kisko (whom), se question karne par jo answer aye Wo bs or & Function of preposition: - It relates a nounfpronoun with other words of the sentence : It is used to add additional information in a sentence. Eg. Ajay plays cricket with kunal. vu vw vy Sub Verb Object pre. Noun (Pre.0) v v Proper Proper Explanation: - Iss sentence mein ‘with’ preposition, Noun (Kunal) ko other part of sentence se relate karne ka kaam kar rahi hai, Eg. Ajay plays cricket with kunal in the Park. viv Vv v Pre P.O(N) Pre P.OCN)—» proper Vv Proper Explanation:- Iss sentence mein 2 prepositions aayi hai aur dono ke object alag-alag hain, ‘With’ preposition Noun Cunal) ko other parts of sentence se relate kar rahi and “iw preposition youn (Park) ko other part Ckunal) se. Pronoun: - It is used in place of noun. It can be a subject/object/prepositional object/subject complement/ object complement etc. in a sentence, £4. Aman bought a bag for Aarti, VoYuy savewy verb obj pre p.o(N)-> proper noun Proper(N) Common(N) FA @apna_pdf AMAN SIR ENGLISHEg. He bought it for her. vv Vu Sub verb obj pre P.O Vv v v Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun Explanation:- Iss sentence mein [He, and Her Bag and Aarti) ki jagah use kiye gaye hain. teeno pronoun hain kyunki ye Noun CAman, Subjection complements-A subject complement is a word or phrase thot oppears after a linking verb in a sentence and is closely related to the sentence ‘subject’ > Identifying, Defining or describing it. « Function of Subject complement: - 4 subject complement’ s job, along with a linking verb, is to clarify the subject of a sentence, Eg. Aman is singing a song. vvv v sub(N) HV MV — object(N) v v Proper Common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein linking verb nahi hai toh subject complement bhi nahi aayega. Eg. Rohan was a Doctor. Vv Vv Vv Sub(N) L.V subject complement(N) Vv Vv Proper common. Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Doctor, subject complement. hai kyunki ye linking verb ke baad aaya hai aur subject (Rohan) ko identify kar raha hai. Note: - ‘Linking verb’ mein Action nabi hoti hai. Eg, Aman is a Teacher. v Vv v Sub LV subject complement Vv Proper Explanation: Iss sentence mein teacher, ek subject complement ka kaam kar raha hai kyunki ye linking verb ke baad aaya hai aur subject ko identify/describe kar raha hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH ml = ieON => Agar “Be” form of verb ke baad MV ho toh uss somay “Be” H.V. hogi => Agar “Be” form of verb ke baad M.V nahi ho toh uss samay “Be” MV, 9 Linking very, => Jab “Be” forms H.V ho toh tense identify kane mein help milegi bg), => Jab “Be” M.V hota hai to uss samay action nahi hota hai aur wo kisi ke bare mein Jan} deta hai. “| For example- He is a teacher. Vv MV/L.V Explanation:- Iss sentence mein “Be” M.V ya L.V hai toh wo ‘He ke bore mein janker q raha hai. Aur koi Action nahi ho raha hei. YM Ve Vs Vel Viting — Vs/V) mein s/es Go went Gone Going Goes Eat Ate Eaten Eating Eats V, ko base form of verbs bhi kehte hai. Eg. He is/was/will be playing cricket with us, v vovywve Sub MV obj(N) Pre. P.O v v Pronoun proper Explanation: Iss sentence mein “Be” H.V hai to tense ko identify easily kiya jaa sokta hai, Adjective: - An Adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun Or It qualifies a noun or pronoun, &.g. Mohan wrote a romantic letter to shalini, voy v Vv Sub verb Adjective obj pre P.OCN) v v Common proper Explanation: Iss sentence mein letter Noun) ko quality karne ke liye hai isliye yeh ek adjective ka kaam romantic word aaya kar raha hai. Eg. Raini sold an old car to Ramesh. viv VuUUiyv Sub verb — Adj obj pre P.OCN) v v v Proper Common Proper AMAN SIR, ENGLISH PP Toon LsExplanation:- Iss sentence mein car (Noun) ko if % qualify karne ke Mig a ; isliye yeh adjective hoga, ‘y iye ‘old’ word aaya hai £g. Raj watched a short movie with Anjali. v Vv v vvyv sub(N) verb — Adj. obj(N) pre P.OCN) v v Vv Proper Common proper Explanation: Iss sentence mein movie (Noun) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘short’ word aaya hai isliye ye adjective banne ka kaam kar raha hai. TYPES OF ADJECTIVE:— 1. Qualitative Adjective A qualitative adjective is used to describe the features or qualities of a noun (a person, place, thing, idea and so forth). Eg. Nice Big New Circular Red vVuvv Vv Opinion size Age Shape colour ORDER OF ADJECTIVE: Opinion (Nice, Great, Horrible, Fantastic etc.) > 0 Size (Big, tiny, enormous etc.) > S Age C/oung, old, new) > & fe Cus re eRe] Shape (Circular, Round, Square, triangular) > S Colour (Red, Yellow, and Blue etc.) + € Origin (British, French, Chinese, Indian etc.) > O Material (Wooden, Silk, Plastic etc.) + M Purpose Lwriting (desk), School (shoes), Sleeping (Bag) etc.] + P Trick to learn adjective order -» OSASCOMP MN AH SEWN 2. Quantitative Adjective- Quantitative adjective modify nouns by providing information about their quantity or number. Eg. Few, many, Little, Much, Same, All v Vv Countable Uncountable Countable/Uncountable 3. Possessive Adjective- Any word that is used to describe the ownership or possession of something by someone can be called a possessive adjective, Eg. My, Our, His, Her, Its, Their, etc. AMAN SIR ENGLISH = =cies 4. Demonstrative Adjective- It is defined as a word that is “used to identify the Pers On thing that is being referred to”. £9. This That These Those VG) VG) wept) = VCPL) Near — Far Near Far S. Numeral Adjective- Numeral adjective is used to represent the number or order of gy, substance or anything else in a sentence. Sometimes a quantitative adjective also functions as a numeral adjective. @ Cardinals — One, Two, Three, |, 2, 3 etc. Gi) Ordinals — First, Second, Third, 1, II, Ill etc, 6. Proper Adjective- A proper adjective is an adjective that was derived from a proper nouy and is therefore capitalized. Proper adjective includes words of nationalities, languages and ethnicities and words derived from people’s name (e.g. Gandhian, Orwellian, etc.) £4, Italian, German, Gandhain etc. Let’s identify the adjective types: E.g. Mohan helped a German Soldier, v Vv v Vv Sub(N) Verb Proper Adj obj(N) v Vv common Proper Explanation: - Iss sentence mein NounCsoldier) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘German’ word aaya hai toh yeh adjective hoga aur uska type proper adjective hoga kyunki wo ‘proper noun’ se bana hai, £9. | have bought these flower for my wife, Vv v VvV vv Sub HV MV Adj obj(N) pre P.Adj P.OCN) Vv v Vv Pronoun common common Explanation: Iss sentence mein NounClower) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘these’ word aaya hai toh yeh adjective hoga aur uska type ‘demonstrative’ hoga kyunki wo flower ko identify karne fo aie kar raha hai ya uski Position bata raha hai. ‘Mu! possessive adjective hoga kyunki wo ‘wife CNoun)’ ko qualify kar raha hai aur‘? ki own ‘Shp Ya possession ‘wite? par bana raha hai AMAN SIR ENGLISHEg. Shilpa gave some books to her friend v vv VY Sub Hv QnAdj obj pre P.Adj P.OCN) v Vv Vv Proper common common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein NounCBooks) ko qualify karme ke lye ‘some’ word aya hai toh ye adjective hoga aur uska type Quantitative hoga kyunki wo ‘Book’ ki quantity to show kar raha hai Aur Noun (Friend) ko qualify karne ke lige ‘Her word aaya hai toh wo adjecti hoga uska type possessive hoga kyuki wo ‘shilpa’ ki own aie ership “friend” par bana raha hai, £g. Komal sold all those books in 2 Hours. Vv Vv VvVvY Sub(N) Verb Qn.Adj Adj Obj Pre N.Adj P.OCN) v v proper collective Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Noun(books) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘those’ word aaya hai toh ye adjective hoga aur iska type Demonstrative hoga kyunki wo ‘Book’ pr demonstrateCisshare) ko show kar raha hai. Eg. we need brave and loyal Soldiers for our Country. vVvvv VvVU Sub V QlAdj Conj Ql.Adj obj Pre Adj P.OCN) Vv v v proper collective _collection/common Explanation:- Iss sentence mein 2 qualitative Adjective ek sath aaye hain kyunki unhe ‘and’ (Conjuntion) ne jod rakha hai. ‘Our’ Possessive adjective hoga kyunki we ki ownership country par bana raha hai aur country oun) ko qualify bhi kar raha hai. Eg. Sachin scored his second century in that tournament Vv v vv Viv Vv Sub(N) Verb P.Adj O.Adj ObjCN) Pre D.Adj P.OCN) v v v proper collective collection/common Explanation: Iss sentence mein century(Noun) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘His and second” dono aaye hain toh who dono hi adjective banenge. ‘His’ possessive adjective hoga kyunki wo sachin ki ownership century par bana raha hai; Aur Second, ordinal adjective banega kyunki Wo century ke ‘order/number’ ko dikha raha hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH |Td ¥ Demonstrative pronoun v Demonstrative Adjective Eg.This is my car 7 en Sub MV/LV Adj SCCN) v v common (Demo. Pronoun) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein hoga na ki adjective ossessive adjective banne ka kaam kar raha hai kyunki yeh ‘this’ ki owerership er 1a raha hai. “This? subject banne ka kaam kar raha hai isliye ye pron un want this car D.Adj. object CN) v Pronoun common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein This, car (Noun) ko qualify kar raha hai isliye ye adjective banega na ki pronoun. Eg. Rohan sold his house v Vow v sub(N) Verb P.Adj Obj(N) >common Explanation- Iss sentence mein ‘His’ possessive Adjective hai kyunki yeh ‘Rohan’ ki possession ‘House’ par banane ka kaam kar raha hai. ‘His’ yahan pronoun nahi hai, bhale hi Jag raha hai ki ‘Rohan’ ke liye aaya hai E.g. These are Rohan’s Friend. v Vv Vv v D.Pro L.V Poss-Noun SC Iss sentence me ‘these’ demonstrative pronoun hai kyunki yeh subject banne Explanation: ka kaom kar raha hai. hur subject only noun ya pronoun hi bante hai, noun toh ye hai nahi toh ‘these’ pronoun hai yaha. Eg. Mohan has sent these gifts for you. vue P. Voowyvye Sub(N) H.V M.V D.Adj Obj Pre P.OCpronoun) v Proper AMAN SIR ENGLISH ra aeExplanation Iss sentence mein ‘these’, GifeCNoun) ko qualify karne ka kaam kar vaha hol ialiye ye adjective hoga, Adjective ka type Demonstrative hoga kyunki ye Cthese), ‘gifts’ ko identify kar raha hai jo refer kiya gaya hai. gg. | have visited Rohan’s house a v Sub HV MV Poss-Noun Obj(N) v v Proper common Explanation:- Iss sentence mein Rohan’, ‘possessive case of Noun’ hai kyunki | RohanCNoun)| possession [ house | par bana raha hai. Fg. Roj stole Pulkit’s car Vv v Sub MV Pos-Noun Object Explanation: ~ Iss sentence mein Pulkit’s, possessive case of Noun hai kyunki | PulkitCNoun)) possession [ Car] par bana raha hai, Adjective as a subject complement:- E.g. Hethrew a big stone at me. vv VvuVY Sub Verb Q.Adj Obj pre P.O (pronoun) v Common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein koi bhi word SC CSubject-complement) nahi hai. Yahan sirf Qualitative Adjective aaya hai. EgAiay is rich vVvy Sub MV/LV SCCAdj) v Proper Aman is Smart vvwy Sub MV/LV SC CAdjective as a subject complement) v Proper AMAN SIR ENGLISH mm: | = ieRahul is tall v v v Sub(N) LV SC Vv Proper Explanation: - Upar ke teeno sentence mein LV ke baad subject complement aaya ha; ig, oun ke baare mein kuchh bta rha hai. a ge ek adjective hoga kyunki yeh It qualifies verb, adverb, and adjective. Adverb: E.g..A horse runs viv Sub(N) Verb v Common Explanation:- Iss sentence mein verb/Adverb/Adjective ko qualify karne ke liye ko! word nah aya hai jo adverb ban sake, Eg. A horse runs fast v vv Sub(N) V Adverb Explanation: Iss sentence mein runs(verb) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘fast. word aaya hai toh ye Adverb banega. 2 Eg. A horse runs very fast Vv vv sub(N) Y Adv Adv ( Explanation:-Iss sentence mein 2 adverb use hue hai ‘very’ aur ‘fast’. jinme ‘fast’Cadverb) jo hal wo ‘run’(verb) ko qualify kr raha hai isiliye jo verb ko qualify kre unhe adverb kehte hai aur ‘very’ Cadverb), ‘Fast’Cadverb) ko qualify kr hoi aur jo dusre adverb ko qualify kre wo khud bhi adverb hote hai isliye ‘very’ aur ‘fast’ dono adverb hi hain. E.g. The president rewarded the extraordinarily brave ‘oldier. v v v Voy Sub(N) Verb Adv. QAdj ObjCN) v v Common Common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein brave (Adj) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘extraordinaily’ word aya hai isliye ye adverb hoga, kyunki yeh adjective ko quality karne ke liye aaya hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISH aeEg. | saw an extremely tall man in the park. vv v Vv v Sv Adv. Q.Adj Obj pre P.O Explanation: Iss sentence mein Man(Noun) ko qualify karne ke liye “tal!” word aaya hai toh ye adjective banega. Aur ‘tall Cadj)’ ko qualify karne ke liye ‘extremely’ word aaya hai toh ye ‘adverb’ banega. x viet £4. She performed the task careful / caretully / care. voy vou v v Sub(N) Verb obj. Adj Adv. Noun Explanation: - Iss sentence mein performed(verb) ko qualify karwana hai toh hume Adverb ki jarurat hai na ki adjective ya noun ki. v * * E.g. He is an arrogant / arrogance / Arrogantly Man. v Vv v v Adj. Noun Adv. Noun (se). Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Man(Nounn) ko qualify karne ke liye ‘Adjective’ ki jarurat hai na ki Adverb ya Noun ki. x * v ve the path of Honest / Honestly / Honesty. vw vous v v Sub HV Adv.MV obj. pre Adj. Adv P.O(N) Explanation- Iss sentence mein preposition ko apna object chahiye aur object only noun ya pronoun hi bante hai isliye yaha hume nounCHonesty) ki jarurat hai, na ki adjective ya adverb ki. v ® « Eg. Indian Soldiers fought bravely / bravery / brave in the war. v Vv Vv Vv v Vv ProAdj sub(N) Verb Adv Noun Adj. Explanation: - Iss sentence mein ‘foughtCverb)” ko qualify karne ke liye adverb ki zarurat hai na ki adjective ya noun ki isliye ‘adverbCbravely)’ ke use hoga. * Types of Adverb: Adverb of time: - A word that describes ‘when, for how long, or how often’ a certain action happened. Words of Time:- Yesterday, late, soon, early, recently etc. AMAN SIR ENGLISH oes FA @apna_pdf~ — ‘Adverb of place: - Adverb of place describes the location or the place where an ace; ion 2 taking place. Words of adverb of place: - Here, there, Up, down, upstairs, somewhere, etc, 3. Adverb of Manner: - Adverb of manner is defined as “An adverb that shows how somegn, does something or how something happens”. Words of adverb of manner: ~ Bravery, Nicely, Rudely, Sweetly. Etc. 4. Adverbs of Frequency: - Adverb of frequency is defined as “the number of times somethin happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number of times”. Words of Adverb of Frequency: Daily, Always, seldom, never, occasionally etc. 5. Adverb of Degree CHow much/ intensity):- Adverb of degree is used to show the intensity or degree of something. The term “Degree” means “the extent, measure or scope of an action, condition or relations.” Words of Adverb of Degree:- Very, so enough, too, much, Far etc. E.g. They arranged all the letters very carefully. Vv v Vv ae, v sub Verb Q.Adj Obj(N) AdvCD) Adverb of manner Explanation: - Iss sentence mein ‘arranged (verb)’ ko 2 word quolify kar rahe hai isliye dono Adverb banenge. ‘Adverb of Degree hoga kyunki ye intensity show kar raha hai Carefully | Adverb of qanner banega kyunki ye show kar raha hai ‘how someone does something’ Eg. 1 will take your Class tomorrow. NN 2 v v S HV MV Adj. Obj(N) Adverb of time Explanation: Iss sentence mein ‘takeCverb)” ko qualify karne ke liye “tomorrow? word aaya hai to ye Adverb banega. Adver ka type ‘time of Adverb* hoga kynuki ye show kar raha “when a-certain Action (take) happened.” Note: CLASS - Meaning - students ka group (Collective noun) Class - Meaning - Lecture ( Common noun) E.g. Mukesh talks very loudly and arrogantly. Vv aii, ete aan Vv sub V Adv Adv. Conj Adv. of manner AMAAN SIR ENGLISH a FA @apna_pdfEy. Eg. AMAN SIR ENGLISH Explanation:- Iss sentence mein talk(verb) ko ‘loudly & arrogantly’ qualify kar rahe hain toh yeh adverb hoge aur adverb ka type, ‘Adverb of manner hoga kyunki ye show kar raha hai “How someone does something” or ‘how something happens’ far ‘loudly & arrogantly’ ko qualify karne wala word \ery pai to ye bhi Adverb banega aur adverb ka type Adverb of degree hoga kyunki ye intensity show kar raha hai. I have forgotten my glasses somewhere, vu v vo Vv S HV MV Adj. obj(N) Adv. of Place Vv (Common) Explanation: - Iss sentence mein verb(forgotten) ko quality karne wala word ‘somewhere’ hai toh ye Adverb banega aur adverb ka type ‘Adverb of place’ hoga kyunki ye ‘location’ show kar raha hai. My mother goes to temple daily, vv Vv Vv Adj Sub verb pre. P.O(N) Adv. of frequency Vv Common Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘goes(verb)’ ko qualify karne wala word ‘daily’ hai toh ye Adverh banega aur adverb ka type ‘Adverb of frequency’ hoga kyunki ye ‘number of times something happens’ show kar raha hai. Difference between adjective and Adverl vVvwviyv vowy Ql.Adj Sub pre P.O(N) Verb, Adv Adverb of manner v Common Explanation: Iss sentence mein | Fast bowler | wala ‘fast’ adjective hai kyunki ye Noun Gowler) ko qualify kar raha hai. Aur “really” ke baad wala ‘fast’, Adverb hai kyunki ye ‘verb Gowled)’ ka qualify kar raha hai Rohan helped me in my project. vVoeovVuyvy Sub(N) verb obj pre Adj P.O (N) v vu v Common pronoun common PET occ pay2. J want your help. vuvv S Verb Adj Obj.CN) v v Pronoun Abstract 3. He answered all my guestion honestly. v v vv Vv Sub Verb _D.Adj obj(N) Adverb of manner Vv Vv Pronoun Common answer to my question, oe oe 4. L have got the vVuyv ‘S HV MV. obj(N) pre Adj P.OCN) Vv v Vv Pronoun Common Common S. He called me yesterday. wy Sub Verb Obj Adverb of time v v Pronoun Pronoun 6. You should attend this call. vVvvwvy Sub HV MV DAdj ObjCN) v v Pronoun Common Conjunctio! ‘fA word or group of words that connect two or more words, clauses, phrases or sentences are called conjunction. or It joins two words, Phrases & Clause. “Acts as subject / object” E.g.i- Ram and Shyam are watching a movie. Cea v Sub Conj. Sub HV. MV. Object (ND Vv Vv Vv Proper Proper Common AMAN SIR ENGLISH FA @apna_pdf- planation’ 158 Sentence mein 2 subject ko conjunction Cand)” se jon kiya gy bai ater ~ Conjunction 2-same (Common) Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein ‘Hurrah’ ek “pterjection’ hai kyunki yeh Feeling ya emotny ko express kar raha Hai. Eq Ales! His Father died yesterday. Vv Vv Vv v v : Inteyject. Poss. Adj. Sub,(N) verb — Adverb of time v (Common) Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein ‘Alas’ ek Interjection hai kyunki ye sudden wali feeling o emotion ko express kar raha hai. Auxiliary verb ‘An auxiliary verb is a verb that is used as a helping verb along with the main verb in a sentence to make it more meaningful. It is used to Alter the tense, mood or voice of the sentence. Auxiliary oa jlary [Function[- H.v banna Functi rimary any fFanetiont” iy Banna Modal {Function 111 panng agp — Tense indentification 1. “Be” Verbs - Is, am, are, was, were L 1. Can - Could (ar Ey : 2. “Do” Verbs - Do, Does, Did ee ane ae [- 3. Shall - Should 3. “Have” Verbs — Has, Have, Had | 4 Will - would Liv.) L Gv) S. Mast Semi Modals Siena eee es] ] Need, Dare, Used to, Ought to. Note ‘Linking verb ject ko subject complement se jode kyunki Note i= 9 usse kehte hai jo subj bj he Sublect aur subject complemen ek hi Csame) hote hai. ‘AMAN SIR ENGLISH FA @apna_pdfey £5. Eg. Eg. Ey. 1 Have a car. \ S Verb Obj. Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein ‘have’ verb ka kaam kar raha hai. Yeh linking verb nhi banti hai. He is a teacher. vu 5s, MV/LV Subject complement (Se) Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein ‘is’ ek linking verb aur Main verb hai aur yahan subject aur subject complement ek hi hai. the task, v Sub verb — obj. Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘Did’ verb banne ka kaam kar raha“hai kyunki ye linking verb banti hi nhi hai aur yahan subject complement bhi nhi aaya hal. Aman is a teacher, vv Vv Sub, LV Subject-complement Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘is’ ek ‘linking verb’ banne ka kaam kar raha hai kyunki yahan subject aur subject complement ek hi hai. 1 have a car vu Vv S LC) Object. Explanation: - Iss Sentence mein Havel, Linking verb nahi hai kyunki ye verb banne ka kaam har rahi hai, Yahan {ear ur [1] ek nahi hai. Note:- Do / Does / Did / Modals jab Helping verb ho toh uske baad aane wali Main verb ki Form — Verb ki Base form hogi. = Noun mein ‘es/s? lagakar plural banta hai jabki verb mein es/s lagakar singular banta hai. v He Vv v SL SLO) PLCx) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein [He] ek singular subject hai toh verb bhi singular (goes) hi aayegi. * /go| to schoo! daily. AMAN SIR ENGLISH ma FA @apna_pdfa v * Eg. He does not bo] / hoe: Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ki base form “go” hogi. to school. aes" helping verb hai to aane wali main verb ki form very e [Boy f feoed pel ow] fad Singular Plural Plaral Singular Toa an vox to school. Eg. He should ko| /\poe: Vu VovVU Mu Pre. Pre.O Sub, Hv Mv shi hat toh Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein Modal (should), helping verb ka kaam kar rahi hei toh aane wali my ki form - verb ki base form (Go) hogi. Isliye yahan ‘go’ sahi hoga na ki ‘Goes’ Auxiliary Verb —— = [Action verb | Linking Verb ] Erqative Verbs CBeing Verb) Happening verb Coing verbs) ‘ + + Transitive / intransitive) Transitive / Intransitive) Transitive / Intransitive) v x v v v x It shows ‘state of action’ Vert 1. Action verb (Doing verb):- Isme object ho bhi sakta hai, nahi bhi. &. Mohan ate my cake, Vv viv Vv Sub.(N) Verb P.adj Obj.(N) v Vv Proper Material Explanation: Iss sentence mein ‘ate’ ek action verb hai toh iska object ho bhi sakta hai aur nahi bhi, lekin yahan ‘ate’ verb ka object ‘cake’ aaya hai. £9. He went to Delhi. vVvuvy Sub, Verb Pre P.O(N) - Proper nore: ~ Iss sentence mein ‘went’ ek Action verb hai toh iska object ho bhi sakta hai ‘nahi bhi, yahan object whi aaya hai verb ka aur yahan pr ‘delhi’ noun , ‘to’ preposition ka object bann chuka hai isiliye wo prepositional o AMAN SIR ENGLISHLinking verb (Being verb): Inme kuchh kaam nhi hota hai ye subject ke baare mein kuchh 2 formation convey karte hain isilye inme object nh hota ha inking verb = intransitive verb v Object («) He was a doctor. Eg. He v V Sub. MV/LV (se) (ND— Common Explanation'- Iss sentence mein fas, de rahi hai. Yahan ‘He’ aur ‘Docto’r ek linking verb hai jo ke baare mein information ek hi hain. Aur iss verb ke pass object nahi hai. Eq. Kunal is very arrogant. Vue Vv Sub LV/MV Adv(D) SCCAaj) Vv Proper Explanation: Iss sentence mein |I5\ ek linking verb hai jo Kunal ke bare mein information de rahi hai. Yahan kanal aur arrogant ek hi hai. Yahan [i verb ke pass apna koi object nahi hn Arrogani| ek adjective hai kyuriki ye [Noun Ckanal)| ko qualify kar raha hai ek Degree hai kyunki ye Adjective CArrogant) ko qualify kar raha hai. 3. Happening verb CErgative verb):-| ‘inn verbs mein kaam apne aap hota hain koi korta nhi hai, {sige inme bhi object nahi hota hai yeh linking verb ki tarah intransitive hoti hai. Ergative verbs: - Begin, Break, change, crack, Move, Open, melt, stop Dry ete, Note: ~ Ergative verb ke jo bhi example diye hain wo sentence ke meanin ‘ction verb’ bhi ho sakti 19 ke according hai aur ‘happening verb? bhi. For Example: L Movie began|-+ Happening Verb — ob} x 2 He his work. Action verb + £9. Sun rises in the East, Vv Vv Sub Verb Pre. = p.co v WG) = Proper Explanation: iss sentence mein object nahi hai kyunki AMAN SiR. ENGLISH i PET crc pay k ‘Happening verb’ hai isliye yahan iss verb ka koi happening verb ka object nahi hota hai.£9. Rohan fell from his stairs, Vuvve Sub, Verb pre. P.Adj P.OCN)Common Explanation: - Iss sentence mein Fell ek Happening verb hai tabhi isme object nahi oye kyunki Happening verb ka koi object nahi hota hai. Eg. he ice melted very quickly. Vv vv v v v Art, Sub, Verb Adv(D) Adverb of manner/ time elted| ek Happening verb hai islive yaha iska koi obj Explanation:- Iss sentence mein nahi aaya hai. © Transitive Vs Intransitive verbi- 2 verb mein Action kisi object par transfer hota hai isliye yeh object rakhti hai, => Transitive verb => Intransitive verk mein Action transfer nahi hota hai isliye yeh object nahi rakhti hai. Verb Transitive (20%) ] [ Intransitive (10%) | { Transitive / Intransitive (70%) Examples of Transitive verbs:- Rohan ought b new bag. Vv Vv vu Sub, Verb — adj. Obj.CN)—> Common Explanationi- Iss sentence mein rough] ek ‘transitive verb’ hai kyunki iss verb ka object ‘bag’ aaya hai sentence mein, Mona eu) a stone at me, v v Vv Sub. Verb. Obj. Pre P.O Explanation: - Iss sentence mein fren] ek ‘transitive verb? hai Kyunki iss verb ka object aaya hai sentence mein, £9. Mohan the ball, v Vv Vv Sub, Verb. oly. Explanation: - Iss sentence mein icked ek ‘transi el eye fe . sin Vea Conn met t ’ ei fe vansitive verb’ hai kyunki iss verb ka objec 9. ‘AMAN SIR ENGLISH“Suresh {stole my book, ey Dy y sub Verb P.Adj Obj Explanation: - Iss sentence mein ek transitive verb hai kyunki iss verb ka object aya hai sentence mein. ‘ome intransitive verb: Go, walk, Run, Arrive, smile, Laugh, ery, fall, Sleep, Slip ete. £y. Rohul (Sleeps very late, vovVvy Sub. Verb Adv(D) Adv(T) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein object nahi hai. [leer] ek intransitive verb hai tabhi yahan iss verb ka koi £9. Mohan Wwalks| very slowly, ywvvy Sub, Verb Adv(b) Adv(M) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ek intransitive verb hai tabhi yahan iss verb ka koi object nahi hai. Eg. Their son is crying. vv PAdj Sub Hv Mv Explanation:- Iss sentence mein [Crying| object nahi aaya hai. verb, Intransitive hai tabhi yahan uska apna koi &g. Mohan plays cricket with his brothers. Vv Vv Vv v Sub verb Obj. pre P.Adj P.OCN)> common Vv Vv Proper (transitive) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein | play} verb, transitive verb hai tabhi yaha iska apna object Cricket) aaya hai. £q. Mohan played well in the last match, v Vv vv Voy Sub verb Adv pre. Od.adj. P.OCN)-+ proper v v Proper) (intransitive) Explanation: - Iss sentence mein played verb, Intrasitive verb hai tabhi yahan iska apna koi object nahi aaya hai, AMAN SIR ENGLISH ea FA @apna_pdfEg. Ajay sang a song for shalini. | vv Vu Sub verb obj(N) pre P.O(N)-+Proper Vv v Proper (T.V) common _ at olenaione Iss sentence mein fang] verb, ek transitive verb hai islive yah, a object (song) aaya hai. Eg. Ajay sings very sweetly. vVvyv v Sub verb Adv(D) Adv(M) v Intransitive : , Explanation:- Iss sentence mein [sing] verb, Intransitive hai tabhi iska apna koj object aaya hai. Use of transitivefintransitive verb concepts to find out errors:- 9. Mr. Gupta introduced Himself to the VC. v v v voy Sub. Verb. Reflexive pron Pre. P.O v Transitive Explanation: - Yahan ‘introduce’ transitive verb hai toh uske sentence ke according ‘Mr. Gupta’ khud ko introduce kar ‘introduced’ ban jayega. Fg. He discussed about'« his Financial problems with us. vy Vow vowy Sub Verb pre P.Adj QI Adj object pre P.O Explanation: - Iss sentence mein ‘about ka use nahi hoga kyunki verb! Inai toh isko iska obj ject chahiye isliye ‘about’ ko hatana hoga verb ka object le lega, bead object aana chahiye ily rahe hain toh uske according ke baad ‘himself. laga denge jisse transitive verb ‘introduce’ ka object ‘himself ‘discussed’ ek ‘transitive nahi toh wo ‘Discussed. £9. He attacked brie us while we Were travelling through jungle, voy Vv oY voy Sub, Verb pre obj Conj Sub, H.V My Pre. P.O (N) gn" ka use nahi hoga Kyunki ‘attacked’ ek transitive verb "tana hoga nahi toh wo ‘attacked’ verb ka object le lega, AMAN SIR ENGLISH‘Adjective: — Qualifies a Noun or pronoun, > >» Adverbs Qualifies verbs / Adjective / another adverb, > fetive voices Subject (doer) Aetive voice: > Passive Voice: Subject. (Receiver) > Linking verbi- Subject Ccentral idea) £9, Aman is a teacher. vw Sub. Lv Explanation- Iss sentence mein linking verb aayi hai toh subject ‘Aman’ yahan ek ‘central idea’ ki tarah kaam kar raha hai na ki Doer yaa Receiver ki tarah. Let’s Identify the part of Speech:- Eg. He is a brave soldi Vu v v Sub, LV Ql.Adj SC(N)—common Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘ alder’ Subject complement ban raha hai toh ye noun hoga aur ‘brave’ Noun soldier) ko quality kar raha hai isliye ye ‘adjective’ banega. Eg. He handled that difficult situation very baravely. Vv v Vv v v v v Sub, Verb D.Adj Ql.Adj obj(N) AdvCD) Adv(M) Explanation: Iss sentence mein Noun (situation) ko qualify karne wale 2 word hain Isliye dono Adjective banenge (that ond difficult). Verb CHandled) ko qualify karne wala word ‘bravely’ hai isliye ye Adverb banega. ‘Bravely CAdverb)’ word ko qualify karne wala word‘ hai islliye ye bhi Adverb banega ‘very’ 9. Rohan bought an extremely costly house. Vv v v v Vv Sub.(N) Verb Adv(D) Ql.Adj Obj(N) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘House(Noun)’ ko qualify karne wala word ‘costly’ hai toh ye ‘Adjective’ banega, Aur ‘Costly Adj)’ ko qualify karne wala word ‘extremely’ hai toh ye Adverb banega. £9. We saw that old bus Yesterday. Vv Y v v Sub Verb D.Adj QI.Adj Obj(N) Adv of time Vv Common AMAN SIR ENGLISH aa Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘Bus (Noun)’ ko qualify karne wala 2 word § dono hain isliye dono adjective honge, ‘Saw Cverb)" ko qualify kane wala word ‘ ea de hy isliye ye ‘Adverb’ banega. Eg. Raju often steals pens from my store, v NN SO 2 Sub AdvCF) Verb Obj pre P.Adj P.OCN) — common. Explanation- Iss sentence mein ‘verb Csteal)” ko qualify karne wala word ‘often’ haj Ia ye ‘Adverb’ hoga. Aur ‘store (Noun)’ ko qualify karne wala word ‘my’ hai toh ye ‘Adjectiy hoga. EQ. Aman is very rude and Arrogant. vVvvuv vv v Sub. Luv Adv QlAdj Conj SCIQI. Adj]. + CSubject complement) Explanation:- Iss Sentence mein ‘Aman (Noun)" ko qualify karne wale 2 word hai Crude Arrogant) isliye dono ‘Adjective’ honge. ‘Rude and. Arrogant’ subject complement ban rahe hain toh ye ‘Noun’ honge. ‘Rude and Arrogant] ko qualify karne wala word ‘very’ hai to ye Adverb hoga. Active voice: - Subject yahan ‘doer’ hota hai aur stress bhi subject par hota hal. > > Passive Voice: - Subject yahan ‘receiver’ hota hai aur stress ‘object’ par hota hai. => dis per stress CSubject ya object) dalna ho usko subject bana do. ata hai => Passive voice mein [“Be” form “Be” verb :- - is fam / are - was / were - Been - Being Eg. Rohan was punished by teacher, vv Vv vv Sub.(N) Hy = Mv Pre, P.O os C‘Be” form+vs) Explanation: -Iss sentence mein aayi hai toh ye sentence ‘passive voice’ mein Yahan punished verb ka doer, ‘teacher hai naki ‘Rohan’. Yahan ‘Rohan’ receiver hai. hai. AMAN SIR ENGLISHJetive Voice CDoer—sub) Mohan Stole a Car ; 2 CReceiver-obj) vowyy “ Sub V ob ai passive Volee:- CDoer object) Azar Was’ Stolen ‘bi! Mohan, (ReceiverSubj.) v Vv NV oobi ay Sub BetVs Pre. P.O Explanation:- Uper ke dono Active and passive wale’example ‘nein hum delch sakte hain ki Active Voice ka ‘doer’, passivé Voice mein ‘receive bai gaya hai aur ‘hetive voice ka ‘subject’, passive voice mein ‘object’ ban gaya hai. Aur verb ko passive banane ke liye ‘Be’*V) mein change kiya gaya hai, Active Voice mein subject “Mohan” par’ stress daala gaya hai jabli‘Passive mein object ‘car’ par stress daala gaya hai. Active Voice: - Kunal loves Radhika. vv v Sub. Verb object wiih Passive Voice:- Radhika is loved by Kunal. vovYv Sub Lv verb pre+P.0 Bers Explanation- Active Voice mein ‘subject’ par stress daala gya hai aur passive’ voice’ mein ‘object’ par stress daala gya hai. Passive voice ka ‘doer’, object hota hai na ki subject. Yaani passive voice ka object Kunal, ‘Doer’ hai. Has been deliveredY &g. That letter has deliveredx. by the postman. Explanation:- Yeh sentence passive voice mein hai kyunki yahan doer object ‘the postman’ hai na ki subject ‘letter’ isiliye Be+Vs ka use karenge toh ‘Has de delivered’ use hoga. red’ ki jagah ‘Has been has deliveredv Fg. The postman has been delivered that letter. Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘Has delivered’ sahi hoga kyunki yeh sentence ‘Active voice’ mein hai kyunki yahan doer ‘subject’ hi hai isliye ‘Be form+v;’ ko hata denge. AMAN SIR ENGLISH > | FA @apna_pdfType of sentence: 1. Assertive Sentences- General information deta hal. Assertive sentence are those sentences that state a general idea or thought, Definition:- A habitual action, a scientific fact or o universal truth. (A.) Affirmative sentence: - Shows positive information. Eg. Mohan plays cricket. vv v Sub. Verb . object. ; Explanation:- yeh ‘assertive sentence’ haga kyunki ‘Mohan’ ke baare mein ‘general idea | information’ mil rahi hoi. (B.) Negative sentence!- Shows negative information:- Eg. Mohan does not play cricket. v vVvwvv Sub, HV Adv(N) verb obj hoga lekin ye ‘negative sentence’ hoga kyunki Explanation yeh sentence bhi ‘assertive’ hi ‘Mohan’ ke baore mein negative information de raha hoi. 2. Interrogative sentence: Interrogative sentences are intended to find out some piece of information. &g. Are you studying English? vu v Vv Hv sub my obj. Explanation:- Yeh sentence ‘interrogative’ hoga kyunki isme ‘piece of information’ find out karne ki koshish ki joa rahi hai Eg. Have you completed the task? vv v Hv sub, Mv Obj. Explanation:- Yeh sentence ‘interrogative’ hoga kyunki isme ‘piece of information’ find out karne ki koshish ki jaa rahi hai, £9. Who teaches you? vowy Sub(P) verb Obj. . = ip ‘planation- Yeh sentence bhi ‘interrogative’ hoga kyunki isme ‘piece of information’ find ‘out ki jaa rahi hai. NOTE: - Jab ‘thohdhat’, al hat", pronoun hota hai toh [ HV + sub + MV] wala sequence follow nahi hoga, AMAN SIR ENGLISHerative sentence: 7 Aise sentence jo “order/Request/Advice™ dei __, te hain who imperati sentence note hain. Isme subject, ‘you’ understood rehta hai. hoy ts s ints Aise loghhag scare sentence ‘verb ki base form’ se stort hote hain. 1. Close the door. i e Verb Obj. 2, Wait Outside, . iat Verb Adv. of place 3, Please help me. vue Interj Verb Obj 4 Work hard. vv Verb Adv(M) Explanation: - Sentence 1,2,3,4 ‘Imperative’ hain kyunki ye ‘orderfrequest/Advice’ de rahe hain sentence mein, 4. Optative Sentences: Aise sentence me ‘wish/congratulate/Blessing/Welcome/thankleurse? etc ate hai yaani iss type ki feeling aati hai. Eg. May You Succed in your life, Vv vVvV HV Sub MV pre P.Adj P.O Explanation:- Yeh sentence, ‘optative’ hoga kyunki isme ‘Blessing’ wali feeling aayi hai. £9, Congratulation on your victory. Vv Vv v Noun pre P.Adj P.O (N)>common. Explanation:- Yeh sentence ‘optative’ hoga kyunki isme ‘wish’ waali feeling aayi hai. Ss. Exclamatory Sentences:- An exclamatory sentence is one that expresses sudden or strong emotions and feelings. E9. Hurrah! we won the Match. v Vv v Inter. Sub Verb object Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘sudden joy” wali feeling hai toh ye sentence exclamatory type ka hoga, AMAN SIR ENGLISH or FA @apna_pdfEg. Alas! He is dead. vVvuY Inteyj Sub LV Adj(SC) Explanation:- Iss sentence mein ‘sudden sorrow” woll feeling hai toh type ka hoga. Qo0a0 FA @apna_pdfPronoun ‘Singular “ a Ours Ourself 7 Plural pe ae Yours | Yourself/Yourseiye, Secor You i ural! You ; Person | Singular im 7 His Himself He Herself Hers Her Her d | Singular She ltself lie E it it . < Themseh Person ina ) Them | Their Theirs eee Plural J © Ist Person = Jo baat karta hai.(Speaker) i. D * Und Person => Jo baat sunta hai.(Listner, ; * — Wird Person => Jiske baare mein baat kahi jaa rhi hai. (Whom we talk about) 7 ie Ri broke the glass. 4 4 Subjective case verb objective case v x © The teacher punished brim, Ve Loo J Subject verb objective case * Possessive Pronoun v/s Possessive Adjective * Possessive Pronoun => Jo ‘noun’ ki 'Jagah par aaye aur sath mein Possession bhi banaye, Possessive Adjective => J0 nowy ¥9 Pronoun ke sath lag kar uss par Possession banaye, v «x v x . [ea 7 four] 409 can easil yours i Sv 2st defeat fours / You) jn 4 race, Saeeienie aese L Sie Poss.Adj. Subject Hy Adv.(M) : Explanation; PIT cnc paytoby i p verb —Poss.Adj. obj. conj. Sub, HV adv MV ; Explanation:- Fist case mein ‘bag’ par possession banane ke liye possessive adjective cayega aur second.case mein verb ke baad object ki 2arurat hai jo noun Ya pronoun ho sakta hai adjective nhi, sliye yahan possessive pronoun aayega, v |e Bo] be. at se dt he. quiet t Loot t obj. A x i four in is the biggest house in this colony, Sub LV QI. Adj SCCN) Pre P.O Explanation- ‘Our’ ek possessive adjective hota hai aur ‘Ours Possessive pronoun hota hai, Yahan par humhe subject ki jarurat hai isliye ‘our’ ki Jagah* ou Irs “dayega: ™ dire” possessive pronoun hota hai jo yahan par subject ki tarah kaam karega ours = our + house) It’s = Yeh ‘it is’ ki contracted form hai jo ‘pronoun + verb? © Its = Yeh ‘It? ki Possessive Adjective ki form hal, * v # You should cut {es / fts| nails before it hurts you. Explanation:-Nails noun par possession banane ke liye possessive adjective ki ‘Jarurat hai, isiliye yahan “it’s” ki jagah ‘its’ aayega kyunki possessive adjective ki 2arurat hai, banti hai > eeny's fiefs [i’s.a very easy question $2 you should solve it quickly. toy Pot bo by py " Sub LV Adv.(D) Qlt Adj. obj. conj Sub HV MV obj. ‘adv. of ‘manner Explanation:-Yahan par kisi adjective ki nahi subje ject aur verb ki Zarurat hai, isiliye yaha pr humhe “it’s” ka use krna hoga... % Usage oF correct possessive Adjective — You and 1 should complete ...our, .- homework quickly. Radhika and Sonu are waiting for ...their...... food, » They should submit ..their... project on time. Monu has forgotten .. lunchbox in the school, ’ Note;- Yahan wo possessive adjective choose kare jo 4S% suitable ho because inki jagah aur bhi possible answer ho ‘Sakte hai, par best possible choose krengé Jisse padhne wale ko ‘meaning clear rahe, AMAN SIR ENGLISH PT ocmnc pa@ Reflexive Pronoun + IF the doer’ and thé recbiver’ oF ai action 12'the same person oF thing. Use in reflexive case. bedid L rei eg He killed him, Pome GSubject object) : Explanation:-usne usse maar diya. Iss case mein ‘deer’ aur ‘receiver? dono differen. hy He killed himself » . . Gubject = object) Reflexive pronoun Explanation:-usne khud ko maar diya.\lss case mein ‘doer’ aur ‘receiver’ dono ‘Same hai, He introduced him. (Sub # obj.) He introduced himself. (Sub = obj.) Himself — Reflexive pronoun, x v * He adapted him / himself quickly to the new city. dee fh t 4 i wet: thezant Sub. Verb — Reflexive pronoun Adv(M) Pre. Adj. P.O. Explanation’ Yohan ‘him’ nahi ‘himself ka use hoga kyunki ‘adapt’ verb ka doer aur receivey dono same yaani ‘he’ hi hai, x v © 1 can’t put bd / iysel#| in danger for you as | hardly know you, tou L dots hoy ob yoithoupd ydos dey t Sub HV+adv Verb obj(Ref.Pro.) pre P.O pre. P.O conj sub adv. MV oly. Explanation:-Yahan ‘me! nahi ‘myself’ hoga kyunki ‘put’ verb ka doer aur receiver dono ek hi hai, isiliye yaha reflexive pronoun “myself” ka use hoga * v © Put fyou} / yourself in my place and then you can understand my problems. iu Verb Yourself —v Obj. (Reflexive pronoun) Explanation:-Yahan imperative sentence hai ‘slige isme subject ‘you’ understood hai lekin yahan reflexive pronoun ‘yourself? aayega kyunki “put” verb kadoer aur receiver dono same Notes, Entered, visited, reached — Yeh teeno verbs aisi hain ka nahi, transitive verbs hain, Jinse ‘where’ ka reply milta hai, ‘what’ ¥e verb apna object rakhti hain, lekin yeh intransitive nahj AMAN SIR ENGLISH PET ocrna paajey visited oie yesterday. Object Mohan eached| Delhi at 8 pm. 1 Object is Aman (OR) | am = Amanv (OR) My name is Amanv fst w sc) sub WV Se Pos.Adj. Sub LV SC Explanation ‘Myself" ek reflexive pronoun hai jo ek object ka kaam karta hai, yeh kabhi bhi subject ka kaam nhi kar sakta. Isliye iss sentence ko inn 2 types se likkh sakte hain. Notes Reflexive pronoun verb ka object banta hai aur yeh preposition ka object bhi ban skta Emphatic pronoun «It is used to emphasize that the action wos done by the subject himself. © Action subject ne kkhud kiya hai na ki khud par. + Inko main verb se pehle ya object ke baad bhi lagaya ja skta hai. © Emphatic pronoun sentence mein zaruri nhi hote ye marzi hote hai. 1 saw myself, Cmaine khud ko. dekha) Subject = object) gop ee SV obj. (Reflexive pronoun) Imyself saw you (maine khud tumhe dekha tha) Bl ved S Emp.Pro.V O 1 saw you myself. (maine tumhe dekha tha khud) PARP eaipiad iy S_Verb Obj Emphatic pronoun AMAN SIR ENGLISH Ea FA @apna_pdf