BS Physics Program Scheme of Studies 2021-2025

Codes Course Title Credit Hour

Semester 1
PHY-301 Mechanics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-303 Waves and Oscillations 3 (3 – 0)

MTH-323 Calculus and Analytical Geometry 3 (3 – 0)

CSI-321 Introduction to Computing Applications 3 (2 – 1)

ISL-321 Islamic Studies 2 (2 – 0)

ISL-322 Ethics (For Non-Muslims only) 2 (2 – 0)

ENG-321 Functional English 3 (3 – 0)

Basic Mathematics – I (Deficiency Course for F.Sc Pre-

MTH-111x 3 (3 – 0)
Medical)
+
ISL-311 Translation of The Holy Quran-I 1(1-0)

18/21+

Semester 2
PHY-302 Mechanics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-304 Heat and Thermodynamics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-306 Introduction to Programming for Physicists 3 (3 – 0)

MTH-324 Multivariable and Integral Calculus 3 (3 – 0)

PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2 (2 – 0)

ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3 (3 – 0)

Basic Mathematics – II (Deficiency Course for F.Sc Pre-

MTH-112x 3 (3 – 0)
Medical)

17/20+

Semester 3
PHY-401 Electricity and Magnetism-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-403 Modern Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

MTH-405 Differential Equations-I 3 (3 – 0)

MTH-429 Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces 3 (3 – 0)

1
ENG-421 Communication Skills 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-407 Mechanics, Heat & Vibrations Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

+
ISL-411 Translation of The Holy Quran-II 1(1-0)

19

Semester 4
PHY-402 Electricity and Magnetism-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-404 Modern Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-408 Optics and Modern Physics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

MTH-424 Linear Algebra 3 (3 – 0)

CHM-424 Introductory Chemistry 4 (3 – 1)

19

Semester 5
PHY-501 Methods of Mathematical Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-503 Classical Mechanics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-505 Electrodynamics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-507 Electronics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-509 Relativity and Cosmology 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-511 Electromagnetism Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

+
ISL-511 Translation of The Holy Quran-III 1(1-0)

19

Semester 6
PHY-502 Methods of Mathematical Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-504 Quantum Mechanics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-506 Nuclear Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-508 Electrodynamics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-510 Electronics-II 3 (3 – 0)
2
PHY-512 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

18

Semester 7

PHY-601 Quantum Mechanics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-603 Nuclear Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-605 Statistical Mechanics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-607 Solid State Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-609 Particle Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-611 Advanced Electronics* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-613 Environmental Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-615 Health and Medical Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-617 Climatology and Meteorology-I* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-619 Computational Materials Physics* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-621 Electronics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

+
ISL-611 Translation of The Holy Quran-IV 1(1-0)

19/16**

Semester 8

PHY-602 Plasma Physics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-604 Computational Physics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-606 Solid State Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-608 Laser and Optics 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-610 Particle Physics-II* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-612 Advanced Electronics Lab Course* 3 (0 – 3)

PHY-614 Environmental Physics Lab Course* 3 (0 – 3)

PHY-616 Health and Medical Physics -II* 3 (3 – 0)

PHY-618 Climatology and Meteorology-II* 3 (3 – 0)

3
PHY-620 Computational Materials Physics Lab Course* 3 (0 – 3)

PHY-629 Seminar 1 (0 – 1)

PHY-630 Thesis** 6 (0 - 6)

PHY-631 Project*** 3 (0 –3)

16/21**

Note:
x (Deficiency Course for F.Sc Pre-Medical)
* One optional subject to be chosen in both 7 th and 8th semesters. Optional courses
will be offered keeping in view the availability of teachers.
** Thesis will be allotted in the 7 th semester. However, the credit hours for thesis will
only count towards the 8th semester.
*** Projects may be opted in lieu of option-II of the subject already taken by the
student in 7th semester.
+ Audit course

4
 BS Physics Program Scheme of Studies (2021-2025)

1st Semester

PHY-301 Mechanics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Vectors in 3-dimensions & fundamental operations, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s Divergence

theorem, Dynamics of Uniform circular motion, The Conical pendulum, The Rotor, The
Banked curve, Equations of motion, Time-dependent forces, Velocity-dependent forces, Non-
Inertial frames & Pseudo forces, projectile motion, Work done by constant & variable forces
(one, & two dimension cases), K.E & the work-energy theorem, general proof of work-
energy theorem, power, conservative forces, P.E, one-dimensional conservative system, Two
& many particle system, calculation of c.m. of different objects, Linear momentum of
Particle & system of particles, conservation of linear momentum, system of variable mass,
Rocket equation, collision, impulse and momentum, Elastic and inelastic collisions in one
dimension & two dimensions, centre of mass reference frame.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics 9 th Ed. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I, 5 th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000. University Physics 8th Ed. Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4. Alonso and Finn, 1999. Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading (M.A), USA
PHY-303 Waves and Oscillations 3 (3 – 0)

S.H.M & its applications, Energy consideration in SHM, SHM & uniform circular motion,
combinations of Harmonic motion, Damped harmonic motion, Forced Oscillation &
Resonance, Mechanical Waves, Traveling waves, wave speed , wave equation, Power &
intensity in wave motion, principle of superposition, standing waves, Interference of waves,
Beats, Doppler effect, visible light , speed of light in matter, double slit interference, intensity
in Double slit interference, adding waves using phasors, interference from thin film, Single
slit diffraction, Intensity in single slit diffraction using phasors, diffraction at circular
aperture, diffraction grating, x-ray Diffraction, Polarization by Reflection, & Double
Refraction, Polarization states, Rotation of Plane Polarization.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics 9 th Ed. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I, 5 th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000. University Physics 8th Ed. Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4. Alonso and Finn, 1999. Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading (M.A), USA
5
MTH-323 Calculus and Analytical Geometry 3 (3 – 0)

Course Outline:
Complex Numbers, DeMoivre’s Theorem and its Applications, Simple Cartesian Curves,
Functions and Graphs, Symmetrical Properties, Curve Tracing, Limit and Continuity,
Differentiation of Functions. Derivative as Slope of Tangent to a Curve and as Rate of
Change, Application to Tangent and Normal, Linearization, Maxima/Minima and Point of
Inflexion, Taylor and Maclaurin Expansions and their convergence; Integral as Anti-
derivative, Indefinite Integration of Simple Functions. Methods of Integration: Integration by
Substitution, by Parts, and by Partial Fractions, Definite Integral as Limit of a Sum,
Application to Area, Arc Length, Volume and Surface of Revolution.
Reference Materials:
1. Calculus and Analytical Geometry, Swokowski Olinick. Pence. 1994. 6th edition.
Brooks/Cole Publishers. 2. Calculus, 7th edition.2002.
2. John Wiley and Sons (WIE).
3. 3. Calculus, William, E. Boyce .Richard, C. Diprima. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:
0471093335.
4. Calculus and Analytical Geometry10thedition. Thomas, F. John Wiley and Sons.
5. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 7th edition. Erwin, K. 1993. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3 (2 –
CSI-321 Introduction to Computing Applications
1)

Number Systems, Binary numbers, Boolean logic, History computer system, basic machine
organization, Von Neumann Architecture, Algorithm definition, design, and implementation,
Programming paradigms and languages, Graphical programming, Overview of Software
Engineering and Information Communication Technology, Operating system, Compiler,
DBMS, Computer networks and internet, WWW, web mail applications, Computer graphics,
AI, Viruses and Anti-Viruses, Use of office productivity tools, such as word processors,
spreadsheets, presentation applications, etc., Social, Ethical, Professional and Legal Issues,
and overview of the complete program of studies in computing and its structure.
Suggested Text Book:

Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill SiE, ISBN 0-07-
059374-4.
Reference Material:

1. Computers: Information Technology in Perspective, 9/e by Larry Long and Nancy Long,
Prentice Hall, 2002/ISBN: 0130929891.
2. An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and Gersting, Brooks/Cole Thomson
Learning, 2000.
3. Information System Today by Leonard Jessup, Joseph Valacich.
4. Computers Today by Suresh K. Basandra.
Computer Science: An overview of Computer Science, Sherer
ISL-321 Islamic Studies 2 (2 – 0)

‫ کوڈ‬ISL-321

Islamic Studies (Compulsory)

6
 ‫اسالمیات(الزمی)‬

‫‪Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬

‫‪Semester‬‬

‫‪Nature of Course‬‬ ‫‪Compulsory Course. C-4‬‬

‫‪No. of Credit Hours‬‬

‫‪Objectives‬‬ ‫طلب کو قرآن و حدیث س استفاد ک قابل‬

‫طلبہ کے قلوب و اذہان میں قرآن و سنت کی روح اور‬
‫علم کو راسخ کرنا‬
‫طلبہ میں اسوہ ختم المرسلین صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم کی‬
‫اتباع اور حب رسول کا جذبہپیدا کرنا‬
‫اسالم کی بنیادی تعلیمات کا فہم آسان بنانا اور طلبہ کی‬
‫اسالمی بنیادوں پر تربیت کرنا‬
‫امتمسلمہ کودرپیشعصرجدیدکےچیلنجزسےطلبہ‬
‫کو آگاہ کرنا اور انھیں اس قابل بنانا کہ وہ ان سے عہدہ‬
‫برآہوسکیں۔‬

‫‪Sr. No.‬‬ ‫‪Title‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫القرآن الکریم‬ ‫مطالعہ قرآن مجید کی ضرو رت و اہمیت‬
‫قرآن مجید کا اجمالی تعارف اور اعجاز‬
‫تراجم و تفاسیر کا مختصر تعارف‬
‫منتخب قرآنی آیات کا لفظی و با محا ورہ تر جمہ و تشریح‬
‫قرآن مجید کی مندرجہ ذیل آیات کا ترجمہ و تشریح کریں‬
‫(‪( )i‬س و ر ۃ ا ل ب ق ر ۃ ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪1‬تا ‪5‬و‪ 28 4‬تا‪ ) 286‬ایمانيات۔‬
‫(‪( )ii‬س و ر ۃا ل اح ز ا ب ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪56,40,33,32,21,6 :‬تا‪)59‬‬
‫سلت‪،‬‬ ‫(تخصصات نبوی‪ :‬اسو حسن‪ ،‬ختمنبوت‪،‬مقاِم ر ا‬
‫ناموِس رسا لت‪ ،‬ازواِج النبیؐ))ؐ۔‬
‫(‪( )iii‬ا ل ف ت ح ‪ :‬آ ی ت ‪()29 .:‬رسالِت محمديہ اور خصا ئِص اصحاب‬
‫ر س و ل ؐ )‬
‫(‪( )iv‬س و ر ۃ ا ل ص ف ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪ 1:‬تا ‪( )14‬بشارت بعثت ختم المر‬
‫سلین ‪،‬ہجرت‪،‬جہاد‪ ،‬نصرت اور غلبہ دین)‬
‫(‪( )v‬س و ر ۃ ا ل ح ج ر ا ت ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪ 1 :‬تا ‪( )18‬ادب نبوی و معا شرتی‬
‫احکام)‬
‫(‪( )vi‬س و ر ۃا ل ناع ا م ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪ 151 :‬تا ‪)153‬۔(حقوق العباد)۔‬
‫(‪( )vi‬س و ر ۃا ل ف ر ق ا ن ‪ :‬آ ی ا ت ‪ 63 :‬تا ‪) 77‬۔( آداب معا شرت)۔‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫االحادیث النبویۃ‬ ‫مطالعہ حدیث کی ضرورت و اہمیت‬
‫اقسام حدیث اور وحی ہ‬
‫الی‬
‫امات الکتب کا مختصر تعارف‬ ‫حدیث کی ہ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫درج ذیل احا دیث نبویہ کا لغوی و با محا ورہ ترجمہ اورتشر یح‬
‫ُہ َقاَل َس ِمْعُت َ َر ُس ْول ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ‬ ‫‪1‬۔ہَعْن ُعَمَر ْبن اْلَخ َّطا ِب َر ِضَی الّٰل َع \ْن‬
‫َصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلم يُقْو ُل ‪ِ :‬اَّنَما االْعَماُل ِبا لِّنياِت ‪َ ،‬و ِاَّنَماِ اِل ْمِریٍء‬
‫ِلت‪ِ ،‬اٰلی ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ٖٖہ َوَر ُس ْوِل۔ َو َمْن ا َنْت ِھْج َر ُتہ‪ِ ،‬ا ی ُد‬
‫ٰل‬ ‫َک‬ ‫ْتَر ُت‪ِ ،‬اٰلی ال ‪ّٰO‬لہ َوَر ُس ْو ِہ َفِھْج َر‬
‫َماَنوٰی ‪َ ،‬فَمْن َکا َن ہ ِہ ٖہ ِھْج‬
‫ْنيا يِصْیُبَھا ‪َ ،‬اِو اْمَر أۃ يَتَز َّوُج َھا َفِھْج َر ُتہ‪ِ ،‬الٰی َما َھاَج َر ِا ‪ْO‬ی ِہ (صحیح‬
‫َل‬
‫بخاری ‪)1:‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬ ‫ُہ َع \ْن َع الَّنِب َصَّلی ال \ّٰل‬
‫ِّی‬ ‫ِن‬
‫‪2‬۔ہَعْن ُعْثَماَن ْب َعَّفا ن َر ِض الّٰل‬
‫َی‬ ‫ِن‬
‫َو َس َّل َم َقا َل‪َ :‬خ ْی ُر ُک ْم َم ْن َت َع َّل َم ا ْل ُق ْر آ َن َو َع َّل َمہ‪ (،‬صحیح بخاری ‪،‬‬
‫ح د ی ث ن م ب ر ‪)502٧‬‬
‫ُہ َقاَل ‪َ :‬قال َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َصَّلی‬ ‫‪3‬۔ہَعن ما ِلک بِن َاَنٍس َر ِضَی الّٰل َع \ْن‬
‫ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلَم ‪َ :‬تَر ْکُت ِفْیُکْم َاْمَر ْیِن َلْن َتِضُّلْوا َما َتَمَّس ْکُتم ِبِھَما‬
‫ِکَتا ُب ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َوُس \َّن ُۃ َر ُس ْوِلہ (رواہ مالک فی المؤطا مر سال)‬
‫ُہ ْبِن ُعَمَرَر ِضَی الّٰل ُہ َع\ \ْنَما َقاَل ‪َ :‬قاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َصَّلی‬ ‫‪4‬۔ ِہَعْن َعْبِدال ‪ّٰO‬ل‬
‫َا‬
‫ِۃ ْن ِا ہ ِا ال \ ُہ َو َّن‬‫ّٰل‬ ‫اَّل‬ ‫ٰل‬ ‫آَّل‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ال \ُہّٰل ِہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی َوَس م ُبِنی اِاْل ْس ُم َع ی َخ ْمٍس َش َھا ‪َO‬د‬
‫ٰل‬ ‫اَل‬ ‫َّل‬
‫ِۃ َوِاْیَتآِء اْلَّز ٰکو‪ِ O‬ۃ َوَحِّج اْلَبْیِت‬ ‫ُمَح َّمًدا َعْبُدہہ'َوَر ُس ْوُل ' َو ِاَقا ِم الَّصل ‪O‬‬
‫ٰو‬
‫َوَصْوِم َرَمَضاَن (صحیح مسلم ‪)113:‬‬
‫‪5‬۔ َع ن ُع َم َر ب ِن ا ْل َخ َّط ا ِب َر ِض َی ا ل ّٰل ہ َع ْن ُہ َق ا َل َب ْی َن َم ا َن ْح ُن ِع ْن د َر ُس ْو ِل‬
‫ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَلِی َوَس َّلَم َذاَت يْوٍم ِاذ َطَلَع َعَلْیَنا َر ُج ُل ‪َ ،‬ش ِدْیُد بيا‬
‫ِض ال َّثيا ِب َش ِد ْی ُد َس َوا ِد ال َّش ْع ِر لاي َری َع َل ْی ِہ َا َث ُر ال َّس َف ِر َو َما ي ْع ِر ُفہ‪،‬‬
‫َج َل َس ِا َل ی ا ل َّن ِب ِّی َص َّل ی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل َم َف ْس َن َد ُر ْک َب َت ْی ِہ‬
‫َا‬ ‫ِم َّن ا َا َح د َح ّٰت ی‬
‫َا‬ ‫ِاٰلی ُر ْکَبَت ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َو َوَضَع َکَّف ‪ْO‬ی‬
‫ِہ َعلٰی َفِخ ذی‪ِ O‬ہ َوَقا َل ‪ :‬يا ُمَح َّمُد ْخ ِبْر ِنْی َعِن‬
‫ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلَم ‪ :‬اِالْس اَل ُم َاْن‬ ‫اِاْلْس اَل ؟ َفَقاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َصَّلی ال \ّٰل‬
‫ِم‬
‫َو َم‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫َس‬ ‫ِہ‬ ‫‪O‬‬
‫ْی‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ُہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬‫\‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ی‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫َص‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ُس‬
‫َو ُم َّم َّر ْو‬ ‫ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َّن‬‫َا‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ِہ‬‫\‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اَّل‬
‫ِا‬ ‫ُہ‬ ‫ٰل‬
‫]‬ ‫َہ‬ ‫ِا‬ ‫اَل‬ ‫ْن‬ ‫َتْش َھَد َا‬
‫ٰو َۃ َوَتُصْوَم َرَمَضاَن َوَتُحَّج اْلَبْیَت ِاِن‬ ‫َوُتِقْیَم اْلَّصٰلو] َۃ َوَتؤ ِتَی الَّز ک ]‬
‫َأ‬
‫ا ْس َت َط ْع َت ِا َل ْی ِہ َس ِب ْی ل ًا ‪َ ،‬ق ا َل َص َد ْق َت ‪َ ،‬ق ا َل َف ِع ْج َن ا َل ہ‪ ،‬ي ْس ُل ہ‪َ ،‬و ي َص ِّد ُق ہ‪،‬‬
‫‪َ،‬قا َل ‪َ :‬فَاْخ ِبْر ِنْی َعِن اِاْلْیَمان؟ َقاَل َاْن ُتؤ ِمَن ِبا ل ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َو َمٰلِئَکِت ٖہ َوُکُتِبہ‬
‫َو ُر ُس ِل ٖہ َو ا ْل ي ْو ِم ا ل اِخ ِر َو ُت ؤ ِم ن ِب ا ْل َق ْد ِر َخ ْی ِر ٖہ َو َش ّر ہ ٖ ‪َ ،‬ق ا َل َص َد ْق ت ‪َ ،‬ق ا‬
‫ل‪َ:‬فَاْخ ِبْر ِنْی َعِن اِاْلْح َس اِن ؟ َقاَل ‪َ:‬اْن َتْعُبَد ال ]ّٰل َہ َکَاَّنَک َتَر ا\ ُہ َفِاْن َّلْم‬
‫َتُکْن َتَر ا\ ُہ َفِا \َّن ُہ يَر ا َک‪َ،‬قا َل ‪َ:‬فَاْخ ِبْر ِنْی َعِن الَّس اَعۃِ ؟ َقاَل ‪َ :‬ما‬
‫ا ْل َم ْس ْؤ ُل َع ْن َھا ِب َأ ْع َل َم ِم َن ال َّسا ِئ ِل‪َ ،‬قا َل‪َ :‬ف َا ْخ ِب ْر ِن ْی َع ِن َا َما َرا ِت َھا ؟‬
‫َۃ اْلَعا ]َل َۃ رَعاَء الَّش اِء‬ ‫َقاَل ‪َ :‬اْن َتِلَد اَالَم\ُۃ َۃ َر َّبَتَھا َو َأْن َتَر ی اْلُح َفا] اْلُعَر ا]‬
‫يَتَطا َوُلْوَن ِفْی اْلُبْنياِن ‪َ ،‬قاَل ‪ُ :‬ثَّم اْنَطَلَق‪َ ،‬فَلِبَث َمِليًا ُثَّم قاَل ِلْی ‪ :‬يا ُعَمُر َأ َتْدِرْی َمِن الَّس ا ِئل؟ ُقْلُت َال \ّٰل ُہ‬
‫َو َر س ْو ُل ہ‪َ ،‬ا ْع َل ُم ‪َ ،‬ق ا َل َف ِا َّن ہ‪ِ ،‬ج ْب ِر ْی ُل ا َت ا ُک ْم ي َع ِّل ُم ُک ْم ِد ْی َن ک ْم (ر و ا ہ‬
‫مسلم ‪)93 :‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫َّل‬
‫ُہ ا ‪ :‬ا َر ُس ْو ال ‪ِ O‬ہ َص ی‬ ‫ّٰل‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫‪6‬۔ َۃ َعْن شْبُر َم]ہ اْبِن َمْعَبٍد َر ِضَی ال َع \ْن‬
‫ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلم ُمُرْوا الَّصِبَِّّی ِبالَّصٰلوۃ ِاذا َبَلغ َس ْبَع ِس ِنْیَن َو ِاَذا َبَلَغ‬
‫َعْش َر ِسِنْیَن َفاْضِرُبْوا َعَلْیَھا َاخَر َج ہ َاُبْوَداُوَد َو الِّتْر مِذُّی َوَلْفُظہ'‬
‫َعّلُمْوا الَّصِبَّّی الَّصٰلو] َۃ ِاْبَن َس ْبِع ِس ِنْیَن َواْضِرُبْوا َعَلْیَھا اْبَن َعشرۃ‬
‫(صحیح بخاری‪،‬ترمذی‪)40٧:‬‬
‫َل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ِہ َقاَل ‪َ :‬قاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪َ O‬ص ی ال \‬ ‫ُہ َر ِضَی الّٰل َع \ْن‬ ‫۔‪َ٧‬ۃہَعْن ُمَعا ِوي]‬
‫َوَس َّلم َمْن يِرد ال \ّٰل ُہ ِبٖہ َخ ْیرًا يَفِّقھ\ ُہ ِفی الِّدْیِن (رواہ البخاری ‪)3116:‬‬
‫ِہ َصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ‬ ‫ُہ َع \ْن َقاَل ‪َ :‬قاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل‬ ‫۔‪َ8‬ۃہَعْن َاب ُھَر ْیَر ] َر ِض الّٰل‬
‫َی‬ ‫ْی‬
‫َط‬
‫ُہ ِب ٖہ ِرْیًقا‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫َعَل ‪ِO‬ہْی ِہَوَسَّلَمَمْن َسَلکَطِرْیقيًاْلَتِمُس ِف‪ْO‬ی ِعًماَسَّھَل ال \‬
‫ْل‬
‫ِہ َیْتُلوَن ِکَتاَب ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ‬ ‫ِاَلی اْلَج ‪َّO‬ن ِۃ َوَما اْجَتَمَع َقْوٌم ِف َبْیت ِّمْن ُبُیْوِت ال ‪ّٰO‬ل‬
‫ْی‬
‫َوَیَتَداَر ُس ْوَن َبْیَنُھْم ِااَّل َنَز َلْت َعَلْیِھم الَّس ِکْی \َن ُۃ َوَغِشَیْتُھُم الَّر ْح َم\ ُۃ‬
‫ُہ ِفْی َمْن ِع ْنَدہ َوَمْن َبَّطاِب ٖہ َعَمُلہ' َلم‬ ‫َک َوَذَکَر ُھُم ال \ّٰل‬ ‫مٰۤلِئ \‬ ‫وَح َّفْتُھٰۤل ُۃاْلَم‬
‫ُیْس ِرْع ِب ٖہ َنَس ُبہ(رواہ مسلم)‬
‫ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‪9‬‬ ‫ِہ َقاَل َکاَن َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل َصَّلی ال \ّٰل‬ ‫ُہ َر ِضَی ال \ّٰل َعْن\‬ ‫۔ۃ ُہَعْن َاِبْی ُھَر ْیَر‬
‫َوَس َّلمَ یُقْوُل َالّٰلُھَّم ِاِّنْی َاُعْوُذِبَک ِمَن ْاَالْر َبع ِمْن ِع ْلٍم اَّل َیْنَفُع َو ِمْن‬
‫ُد َع ا ٍء ل ا ُی ْس َم ُع َو ِم ْن َق ْل ب َل َیا ْخ َش ُع َو ِم ن َن ْف ٍس َل َتا ْش َب ع ۔ (ر و ا ہ‬
‫م س ل م و ا ح م د ‪،‬س ن ن ا ب ن م ا ج ہ ‪)250:‬‬
‫ُہ َعِن الَّنِبِّی َصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَلْیہ َوَس َّلَم ‪10‬‬ ‫۔ ُہَعِن اْبِن َمْس ُعْوٍد َر ِضَی ال \ّٰل َع \ْن‬
‫َقاَل ‪:‬اَل َتُز ْوَل َقَدَما ْابِن ٰاَدَم َیْوَم اْلِقٰیَم‪ِ O‬ۃ ِمْن ِعْنِد َر ِّب ٖہ َحّٰتی ُیْس َئا ُل‬
‫ُہ َوَعْن َش َباِبہ ِفیَما َأْبال\ ُہ َو َعْن َماِلہ‬ ‫َعْن َخ ْمٍس ‪َ :‬عْن ُعمِر ٖہ ِفْیَما َافَنا\‬
‫‪8‬‬
 ‫َع ِم َل ِف ْی َم ا َع ِل م ۔(ج ا م ع‬ ‫ِم ْن َا ْی َن ِا ْک َت َس َب ہ َو ِف ْی َم آ َا ْن َف َق ہ َو َم ا َذ ا‬
‫الترمذی‪) 2416:‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬

‫ِہ َقاَل ‪َ :‬قاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل َصَّلی ال \ّٰل‬ ‫َع \ْن‬ ‫ُہ َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬
‫َی‬
‫‪ِ 11‬ہ ُہَعنْ َعْبِدال ‪ّٰO‬ل‬ ‫۔‬
‫ِل َفِرْیَضۃ َبْعَد اْلَفِر ْیَض‪ِ O‬ۃ‬ ‫َوَس َّلَم َطلُب َکسِب اْلَح اَل‬
‫(شعب االیمان بیہقی)‬
‫َّل‬ ‫ِہ‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ُہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬‫ُہ‬ ‫َا‬
‫َوَس َم‬ ‫‪O‬‬
‫ْی‬ ‫َع‬ ‫\‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ِن ِبِّی َص‬ ‫َّن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫َع‬ ‫\‬
‫ْن‬ ‫َع‬ ‫\‬ ‫ال‬ ‫‪12‬۔ َعْن ِبْی َس ِعْیٍد َر َی‬
‫ِض‬
‫َقاَل َالَّتا ِجُر الَّصُدْوُق ا ِمْیُن َمَع الَّنِبِّیْیَن َو لِّصِّدْیِقْیَن َوالُّش َھَداء‬ ‫َاْل‬
‫(جامع تر مذی‪) 1209:‬‬
‫َل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ َع \ْنہ َّن َر ُس ْو ال َص ی ال \‬
‫َل‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ْیَرَر ِضَی ال \‬ ‫‪13‬۔ۃ ُہَعْن َاِب ُھَر ْی‬
‫َوَس َّلم َقاَل ‪ :‬أ َتْدُرْوَن َما ا ُمْفِلُس ؟ َقا ْوا ُمْفِلس ِفْینا َمْن َّالِدْر َھم‬
‫ْل‬‫َا‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ْل‬
‫ِۃ ِبَصال` ٍۃ‬ ‫ََلہ' َواَل َمَتاَع َفَقاَل ‪ِ:‬اَّن اْلُمْفِلَس ِمن ُاَّمِتْی َمن َّیْأِتْی َیْوَم اْلِقٰیَم‪O‬‬
‫َوِصَیاٍمَوَزٰکا` ٍۃ َوَیْأِتْی َقْدَشَتَم ٰھَذاَوَقَذَف ٰھَذاَوَاَکَل َمالٰھَذا‬
‫َوَس َفَک َدَم ٰھَذا َوَضَر َب ٰھَذا َفُیْعٰطی ٰھَذا ِمْن َح َس َناِت ٖہ َفِاْن ُفِنَیْت‬
‫ِہ ُاِخ َذ ِمْن َخ َطاَیاُھم َفُطِرَح ت َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬
‫َل‬ ‫َح َس َناُتہ' َقْبَل َاْن ُّیقـٰضی َما َعَل ‪ْO‬ی‬
‫ُثَّم ُطِرَح ِفی الَّناِر۔(رواہ مسلم‪ ،‬کتاب البّر ‪)65٧9:‬‬
‫َّل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َم‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ َع \ْن َاَّن الَّنِبَّی َ َصَّلی ال \‬ ‫‪14‬۔ ُہَعْن َابِی الَّدْر َدآِء َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬
‫َی‬
‫َق ا َل ‪َ :‬م ا َش ْی ء َا ْث َق َل ِف ْی ِم ْی َز ا ِن ا ْل ُم ْؤ ِم ِن َی ْو َم ا ْل ِق ٰی َم ۃ ِم ْن ُخ ْل ٍق َح َس ٍن‬
‫َفِاَّن ال ]ّٰل َہ َتَعاٰلی َیْبِغُض اْلَفاِح َش اْلَبِذَّی (ترمذی‪)2002:‬‬
‫َّل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َم‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ُہ َع \ْن َاَّن الَّنِب َصَّلی ال \ّٰل‬ ‫‪15‬۔ ُہ َع اْب َعَّبا َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬
‫َّی‬ ‫َی‬ ‫ٍس‬ ‫ِن ِن‬
‫َقا َل‪َ :‬ا ْر َبع َم ْن ُا ْع ِط َی ُھ َّن َف َق ْد ُأ ْع ِط َی َخ ْی َر ال ُّد ْنیا َوا ْل ٰا ِخ َر ِۃ َق ْل ًبا َشا ِک ًرا‬
‫َل ْل آَل‬ ‫ًا‬
‫َّوِلَس ا ن َذاِکًر ا َّو َبدًنا َع ی ا ب ء َصاِبًر ا َّوَز ْوَج ‪ً p‬ۃ ال َتْبِغ ‪ْO‬ی ِہ ُح ْوًبا ِفْی‬
‫َنْفِس َھا َوَماِل ٖہ (سنن نسا ئی‪ ،‬کنز العمال ‪) 43409:‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫َل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬
‫ُہ َع \ْن َقال َقاَل ‪َ:‬ر ُس ْوُل َص ی ال \‬ ‫‪َ16‬ۃ ُہَعْن َاِب ُھَر یَر ] َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬ ‫۔‬
‫َی‬ ‫ْی‬
‫ا‬
‫َوَمُھَّن‬ ‫ِہ‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫ال‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َرُسْو‬ ‫ايا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ُل‬
‫ا‬‫َق‬‫‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫َق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اال‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫م‬
‫َوَس ِاْجَتِنُبْو َّسْبَع ُمْوِب ِت‬ ‫َّل‬
‫َقاَل ‪َ:‬الِّش ْر ُُک ِبا ل ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ َوالِّس ْح ُر َوَقْتُل الَّنْفِس اَّلِتْی َح َّر َم ال \ّٰل ُہ ِاَّال ِباْلَح ِّق‬
‫َو َا ْک ُل ا ل ِّر ب ٰو ا َو َا ک ُل َم ا ِل ا ل ي ِت ْی ِم َو ا ل َّت َو ّل ی ي ْو َم ا ل َّز ْح ِف َو َق ْذ ُف‬
‫اْلُمْح َصَناِت اْلُمؤِمَناِت اْلَغاِفَالِت (متفق علیہ)‬
‫ُہ َقاَل َس ِمْعُت َر ُس ْوَل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل ِہ‬ ‫‪1٧‬۔ ُہَعْن َاِبْی َس ِعْیٍد اْلُخ ْدِری َر ِضَی ال \ّٰل َع \ْن‬
‫َص َّل ی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل م َی ُق ْو ُل َم ْن َّر ا ی ِم ْن ُک ْم ُم ْن َک ًر ا َف ْل ُی َغ ِّی ْر ُہ َی ِد ٖہ َف ِا ْن‬
‫ِب‬
‫َّلْم َیْس َتِطع َفِبِلَس اِن ٖہ َفِاْن َّلْم َیْس َتِطْع َفِبَقْلِب ٖہ َوٰذِلَک َاْضَعُف اِاْلْیَماِن‬
‫(رواہمسلم‪) 1٧٧:‬‬
‫ِہ َصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ‬ ‫ُہ َع \ْن َقاَل ‪َ:‬قاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪ّٰO‬ل‬ ‫‪َ18‬ۃ ُہَعْن ُاَس ام] ْب َزْیٍد َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬
‫َی‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫۔‬
‫َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلم ُیَج آُء ِبَر ُج ٍٍل َیْوَم اْلِقٰیَمۃِ َفُیْلٰقی ِفی الَّنا ِرَفَتْنَدلُق َاْقَتاُبہ'‬
‫ِفْی الَّناِر َفَیْطَح ُن ِفْیَھاَکَطْح ِن اْلِح َماِر ِبَر َح ا\ ُہ َفَیْجَتِمع َاْھُل الَّناِرَعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ‬
‫َفَیُقْوُلْوَن َاْی ُفالن َما َش اُنَک الْیَس ُکْنَت َتْاُمُر َنا ِباْلَمْعُرْوِف‬
‫َوَتْنٰھَناَعِن اْلُمْنَکِر؟َقاَل ُکْنُت ٰا ُمُر ُکْم ِباْلَمْعُرْوف َوَال ٰا ِت ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َو َنَھا ْم‬
‫ُک‬ ‫َا‬
‫َعِناْلُمْنَکِرَوٰا ِتی‪ِْ [O‬ہ (بخاری‪) 326٧:‬‬
‫َّل‬
‫ُہ َع ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس م‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ِہ َقاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ‪َ O‬ص ی ال \‬ ‫‪ُ19‬ہ ُہَعْن َاَنٍس َر ِضَی ال \ّٰل َع \ْن‬ ‫۔‬
‫ّٰت‬
‫َ َو ا َّل ِذ ْی َن ْف ِس ْی ِب َی ِد ٖہ َل ُیا ْؤ ِم ن َع ْب ٌد َح ی ُی ِح َّب َا ِخ ْی ٖہ َم ا ُی ِح ُّب ِل َن ْف ِس ٖہ۔(ر و ا ہ‬
‫ِل‬
‫مسلم‪)1٧0:‬‬
‫ُہ َع \ْن ُہ َقاَل َقاَل َر ُس ْوُل الّٰلہ‬ ‫‪20‬۔َوَع الُّنْعَماِن ْب َبِشْیٍر َر ِض ال \ّٰل‬
‫َی‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ِن‬
‫َِصَّلی ال \ّٰل ُہ َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلَم َتَر ی اْلُمْؤِمِنْیَن ِفْی َترَاُحِمِھْم َوَتَواِّدِھْم‬
‫َوَتَعاُطِفِھْم َکَمَثِل اْلَج َس ِد ِاَذا اْش َتٰکی ُعْضٌو َتَداَعی َلہ'َس آِئُر اْلَج َس ِد‬
‫ِبالَّس َھِرَواْلُح ّٰمی (متفق عليہ‪ ،‬بخاری ‪)6011 :‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ ُہ َع\ْن\ما َقاَل َقاَل َر ُس ْوُل ال ہ‬ ‫‪21‬۔ہَعْن َعْبِدالّٰل اْب ُعَمَرَر ِض الّٰل‬
‫َی‬ ‫ِن‬
‫َص َّل ی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل َم َا ل َا ُک ُّل ُک ْم َر ا ٍع َّو ُک ُّل ُک ْم َم ْس ُئ ْو ٌل َع ْن َّر ِع ی ِت َّٖہ‬
‫َف ا ْل ِاَم ا ُم ا ل اع ظ م ا َّل ِذ ْی َع َل ی ا ل َّن ا س ِ َر ا ٍع َو ُھ ُو َم ْس ُئ ْو ل َع ْن َّر ِع َّی ِت ٖہ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫َو ا ل َّر ُج ُل َر ا ٍع َع ٰۤل ی َا ْھ ِل َب ْی ِت ٖہ َو ُھ َو َم ْس ُئ ْو ٌل َع ْن َّر ِع َّی ِت ٖہ َو ا ْل َم ْر َا ُۃ َر ِا َع ی ٌۃ‬
‫َعٰلی َبْیِت َز ْوِجَھا َوَوَلِد ٖہ َوِھَی َمْس ُئو ‪َx‬ل ٌۃ َعْنُھْم وَعْبُد الَّر ُج ِل َر اٍع َعٰلی‬
‫َم ا ِل َس ِّی ِد ٖہ ََو ُھ َو َم ْس ُئ ْو ٌل َع ْن ُہ َا ل َا َف ُک ُّل ُک ْم َر ا ٍع َو ُک ُّل ُک ْم َم ْس ُئ ْو ٌل َع ْن َر ِع َّی ِت ٖہ‬
‫(بخاری‪ ٧138:‬و ترمذی‪)1٧05:‬‬
‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ ا ‪ ،‬ا َر ُس ْو ال ہِ َص ی ال \ ُہ‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫ُہ َر ِضَی ال \ّٰل َع \ْن‬ ‫‪22‬۔ َۃَعْن َاِبْی ُھَر ْیَر ]‬
‫َأ‬
‫َعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ َوَس َّلَم ‪َ :‬مَثِلْی َو َمَثل اَاْلْنِبياِء َکَمَثِل َقَصر ْح َس ن ُبْنيا ن\ ُہ ‪ُ ،‬تِرَک‬
‫ٍعِبَن`‪َ ،‬فَطا َف ِبہالَّنَّظا ُر يَتَعَّجُبْوَن ِمْن ُح ْس ِن َبَنا ِئ ٖہ ِِااَّل َمْو‬ ‫ٍۃ َل‬ ‫ِمْن ُہ َمْو َض‬ ‫\‬
‫ُل‬
‫َضَعْبَن]‪ُ ،‬خِتَم ِلَی ا ُبْنياَن‬ ‫ُل‬
‫َۃ ا ِل‬ ‫َدْد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َن‬‫َا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ْن‬‫ُک‬ ‫َف‬ ‫‪،O‬‬
‫َن‬ ‫َک‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ِۃ‬ ‫ْل‬ ‫ِت‬
‫َمْو‬ ‫ُت‬ ‫َس‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫َضٍع‬
‫َو ُخ ِت َم ِب ی ا ل ُّر ُس ُل َو ِف ْی ِر َو ا ي ٍۃ‪َ :‬ف َا َنا ا ل َّل ِب َن ُۃ َو َا َن ا َخ ا َت ُم ا ل َّن ِب ِّی ِی َن ۔ (ر و ا ہ‬
‫البخاری ‪)3535:‬‬
‫‪23‬۔ َع ن َا َن ٍس َر ِض َی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع ْن ُہ َع ِن ا ل َّن ِب ِّی َص َّل ی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل َم َق ا َل‪:‬‬
‫َأ‬
‫ُھْم َح يا ًئ َعْثَماُن ‪َ ،‬و ْقَضاُھْم َعِلّی َو َاْفَر ُضَھْم َزْیُد ْبُن‬ ‫َاْر َح ُم ُاَّمِتْی ِبُاَّمِتْیَاُبْو َبْکٍر َو َاَش ُّد ُھْم ُعَمُر َو َاْصَد ُق‬
‫َثا ِبٍت ‪َ ،‬و َأْقَر ُء ُھْم ُأَبُّی ْبُن َکْعٍب َو ِلُکِّل ُأَّم` ٍۃ َأِمْین َو ِمْیُن ٰھِذ ٖہ اُاْلَّمۃ‬
‫َأ‬
‫ِ َأ ُب ْو ُع َب ْی َد َۃ ْب ُن ا ْل َج َّرا ِح ۔(رواہ احمد والتر مذی ‪ ،‬مشکوۃ المصا بیح ‪،‬‬
‫باب منا قب العشرۃ)‬
‫ّٰل‬
‫ِہ َص ی ال \ ُہ‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ َع \ْن ا ‪َ :‬ر أَ يت َر ُس ْول ال ‪O‬‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫‪َ] 24‬عْن َأِبْی َبکَر ] َر ِضَی ال \‬
‫ّٰل‬ ‫َ۔ َۃ ُہ‬
‫َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّلم َع َلی ا ْل ِم ْن َب ِر َوا ْل َح َس ُن ْب ُن َع ِل ٍّی ِا ٰلی َج ْن َب ْی ِہ َو ُھ َو ي ْق ِب ُل‬
‫َعٰلی الَّناِس َمَّر ‪ً p‬ۃ َوَعَل ‪ْO‬ی ِہ ُأْخ ٰر ی َويُقْوُل ‪ِ :‬اَّن اْبِنْی ٰھذا َس ِّید َو َلَعَّل الّٰلہ‬
‫أْن يْصِلَح ِب ٖہ َبْیَن ِفئَتْیِن َعِظْیَمَتْیِن ِمَن اْلُمْس ِلِمْیَن (بخاری‪)2٧04:‬‬
‫‪25‬۔ َو َع ن ِع ْم َر ا َن ْب ن ُح َص ْی ِن َر ِض َی ا ل ّٰل ُہ َع ْن ُہ َق ا ل َق ا َل‪َ :‬ر ُس ْو ُل ا ل ّٰل ِہ َص َّل ی ا ل ُہ َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل َم ‪َ :‬خ ْی ُر ُأ َّم ِت ْی َق ْر ِن ْی‬
‫ّٰل‬
‫ُثَّم اَّلِذْیَن يُلْوَنُھْم ‪ُ،‬ثَّم اَّلِذْیَن يُلْوَنُھم۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔(متفق علیہ بخاری‪:‬‬
‫‪)3650‬‬
‫ّٰل‬ ‫َّل‬ ‫ُل‬
‫ُہ اَل ‪َ :‬خ َبَنا َر ُس ْو َص ی ال \ ُہ‬ ‫َط‬ ‫َق‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫ُہ َر ِضَی ال \ َع \ْن‬ ‫ّٰل‬
‫‪26‬۔ ِہَعْن َج ا ِبِرْبِن َعْبِد ال ‪O‬‬
‫َع َل ْی ِہ َو َس َّل َم ِف ْی َو ْس ِط ِأيا ِم ال َت ْش ِر ْیق ِ ُخ ْط َب َۃ ا ْل َو َدا ِع َف َقا َل‪ :‬ي َاي َھا‬
‫الَّناُس ‪ِ:‬اَّن َر َّبُکْم َواِح د ‪َ،‬وِاَّن َأَباُکْم َواِح د أاَل ال َفْضَل ِلَعَرِبی َعٰلی‬
‫َأ‬
‫َعَجِمی َواَل ِلَعَجِمی َعٰلی َعَرِبّی ‪َ ،‬واَل َأِل ْح َمَر َعٰلی ْس َوَد َولال َاِلْس َوَد‬
‫ْنَدّٰل‪َ ٰO‬أْتٰقُکْم ‪ ،‬اَل َھْل َبَّلْغُت ؟‬
‫َأ‬ ‫َعٰلی َأْح َمَر ِااَّل ِبالَّتْقوی۔ِاَّن َاْکَرَمُکْم ِع ِہ ال‬
‫َلّٰل‪َ ،O‬قاَل ‪َ :‬فْليَبِّلُغ الَّش ا ِھُد اْلَغاِئب َفْليَبِّلُغ الَّش ا‬ ‫َقا ُلْوا َبٰلی يا َر ُس ْو ِہ ال‬
‫ِھُد اْلَغاِئب۔( البیھقی‪ ،‬شعب االیمان‪ ،‬باب فی حفظ اللسان‪،‬‬
‫فصل فی حفظ اللسان عن الفخر با ألباء)‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫مطالعہ سیر ت کی ضرو رت و اہمیت ۔‬
‫اردو کتب سیرت کا تعارف‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫نبی کر یم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی حکمت انقالب۔ ہجرت‪ ،‬سیر ت النبی صلی‬
‫میثاق مدینہ‪ ،‬صلح حدیبیہ‪ ،‬خطبہ حجۃ الوداع الل علی وسلم‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫تزکیہ نفس اور تعمیر سیرت و شخصیت کانبو ی منہاج اور‬
‫عملی نمو نے۔ صحابہ کرام ‪ ،‬امہات المومنین‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫تشکیل اجتماعیت و معاشرت اور اسو ہ حسنہ ۔‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫(الف) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے خصا ئص۔‬

‫توحید‪،‬روحا نیت‪ ،‬تصور مسؤلیت‪ ،‬انسانی عظمت و‬
‫مساوات اور عالمگیر اخوت۔‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫اسالمی ہ‬
‫تذیت وثقا‬ ‫(الف) اسالمی تہذیب و ثقا فت کے خصا ئص۔‬
‫عدل اجتماعی‪ ،‬اخالقی اقدار ‪ ،‬انسا نی حقوق‪ ،‬روا داری‪ ،‬فت‬
‫اعتدال و توازن‬

‫‪10‬‬
14 ‫تذیب و ثقا فت کےعا لمی اثرات‬
‫(ب) اسالمی ہ‬

15 ‫(ج) مغربی ہ‬
:‫تذیب و ثقا فت اور اسالم‬
‫اسالم اور امن عالم‬
‫تہذیبوں کے تصادم کے نظريہ کا تنقیدی جا ئزہ‬
ISL-322 Ethics (For Non-Muslims only) 2 (2 – 0)

: ISL-322

Ethics (For Non Muslims)

)‫اخالقیات (برائےغیر مسلم طلبہ‬

Title Description

Semester

Nature of Course

No. of Credit Hours

Objectives To promote the moral values in society

To make the students avoide evils and do virtues

To create the awareness in the students

Sr. No. Title Description

Defination and scope Relation of ethics to psychology, metaphysics and religion.
of ethics A brief review of major theories of the maoral standard
The standard as law
The standard as Happiness
The standard as Perfection
promotion of moral Promotion of moral values in society through family &various
values educational and cultural institutions ,concept of good and evil ,
freedom and responsibility,Various theories of punishment.

Ethical teachings Ethical teachings of world religions with special referenc to

Hinduism, Christianty, Budhism, Judaism and Islam.

Ethical percepts from Ethical percepts from Quranic sayings of the Holy Prophet (Peace
Quranic sayings be upon him) Islam's attitude towards minorities.

11
 Books Recommended Relevant portions of the following books:
J.S Mackenzio! A Manual of Ethics.
Herol H.Titus! Ethics for To-day.
B.A Dar! Quranic Ethics.
Proceeding of to Islamic Colloquium, Lahore 1957.
Islamic state: Abu-ul-Ala Madudi.
ENG-321 Functional English 3 (3 – 0)

 Introducing ourselves
 Describing things
 Getting and giving information
 Recounting past events
 Talking about facts and opinions
 Agreeing and disagreeing
 Compare and Contrast
 Cause and effect
 Using your imagination
 Reporting
 Writing Essays
 Presentation skills
 Assessment

Basic Mathematics – I (Deficiency Course for F.Sc

MTH-111 3 (3 – 0)
Pre-Medical)

Preliminaries: Real and complex numbers, Introduction to sets, set operations, functions,
types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types of matrices, inverse of matrices,
determinants, system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule. Quadratic equations: Solution of
quadratic equations, nature of roots of quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic
equations. Sequence and Series: Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions.
Permutation and combinations: Introduction to permutation and combinations, Binomial
Theorem: Introduction to binomial theorem. Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry,
trigonometric identities. Graphs: Graph of straight line, circle and trigonometric functions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. 1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley publishing company, 2005.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th edition, Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3.Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Swokowski. E. W., ‘Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry’, Latest Edition.
5. Kaufmann. J. E., ‘College Algebra and Trigonometry’, PWSKent Company, Boston,
Latest Edition.
+
ISL-311 Translation of The Holy Quran-I 1(1-0)

Will be provided later

2nd Semester

PHY-302 Mechanics-II 3 (3 – 0)

12
Rotational dynamics, Relation between Linear & angular variables, K.E of Rotation &
Rotational Inertia of Solid bodies, Torque acting on a particle, Parallel & Perpendicular axes
theorem, combined Rotational & translational motion, rolling without slipping, Angular
momentum of a Particle & system of Particles, Relation between torque & angular
momentum. Conservation of angular momentum, spinning top, stability of spinning objects,
Newton’s law of universal gravitation, gravitational effects of spherical distribution of matter,
gravitational P.E, Gravitational field & Potential, Motion of planets & satellites, Kepler’s
laws, Energy consideration in planetary & satellite motion, Bulk Properties of matter, Hook’s
Law , Types of elasticity, variation of pressure in earth’s atmosphere, surface tension, general
concepts of fluid flow, Bernoulli’s equations, viscosity, Poiseuille’s law.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics 9 th Ed. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5 th Ed. John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000. University Physics 8th Ed. Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4. Alonso and Finn, 1999. Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading (M.A), USA.
PHY-304 Heat and Thermodynamics 3 (3 – 0)

Macroscopic properties of a gas and the ideal gas law, The ideal gas model, Kinetic
calculations of pressure, Kinetic interpretation of the temperature, Work done on an ideal gas,
The internal energy of an ideal gas, intermolecular forces, Statistical distributions and the
mean values, Mean free path, The distribution of molecular speeds, The distribution of
energies, The internal energy of an ideal gas, Brownian motion, Heat, The mechanical
equivalent of heat, Heat capacity and specific heat, Heat of transformation, Heat capacities of
solids, Heat capacities of an ideal gas, The first law of thermodynamics, Applications of the
first law, The transfer of heat, Reversible and irreversible process, Heat engines and the
second law, Refrigerators and the second law, The Carnot cycle, Carnot’s theorem and the
second law, The thermodynamic temperature scale, Entropy: Reversible process, Entropy :
Irreversible Process, Entropy and the second law, Zeroth law, , Maxwell’s thermodynamics
relations, TDS equations, Clapeyron’s equation, entropy and second law of thermodynamics,
temperature scale, entropy, low temperature physics. Thermoelectricity, Seabeck effect,
Peltier effect, thermocouple.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics 9 th Ed. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5 th Ed. John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000. University Physics 8th Ed. Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4. Alonso and Finn, 1999. Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading (M.A), USA.
13
PHY-306 Introduction to Programming for Physicists 3 (3 – 0)

Introduction to programming, Significance of computers in the present physical sciences

scenario, Software and hardware domains, Scientific computing, high and low level
languages, flow charts, scientific programming languages, C/C++ and other scientific
Programming language: memory management in C++, structure of C++ program, Generic
form, Header files, Constants, Local variables, Input/output statements, Simple program,
Variables, Data types, variables, Operators, Loops, Break, Continue, If and if-else statements,
Conditional operator, Switch statement, Flags and conditional testing, One-dimensional
arrays, Multi-dimensional arrays, String manipulation functions, Arrays as lists, Sorting,
Searching, functions, built-in and user defined functions, file system, pointer, inheritance,
polymorphism, C++ for scientific programming. Lab work.
Recommended Books:
1. Deitel H M and P J Deitel, 2012, C++ How to Program, 8/e, Early Objects Version,
Prentice Hall
2. Robert Lafore , 2002, Object-oriented Programming in C++, Ed. 4th, SAMS
publishers.
3. Robert L, TURBO C++, 1991, Waite Group.
4. Harrison S P and G Steele Jr. 1987, C: A Reference Manual, Prentice-Hall.
5. Peter Norton, Introduction to computers, 6th Ed., McGraw Hill International Edition.
MTH-324 Multivariable and Integral Calculus 3 (3 – 0)

Prerequisites: Calculus and Analytical Geometry Objectives: The goals are to develop the
skills to have ground knowledge of multivariate calculus and appreciation for their further
computer science courses. Course Outline: Functions of Several Variables and Partial
Differentiation. Multiple Integrals, Line and Surface Integrals. Green’s and Stoke’s Theorem.
Fourier Series: periodic functions, Functions of any period P-2L, Even & odd functions, Half
Range expansions, Fourier Transform. Laplace Transform, Z-Transform
Reference Material:
1. James Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, 6th edition, 2007, Cengage Learning
publishers.
2. Swokowski, Olinick and Pence, Calculus and Analytical Geometry, 6th edition, 1994,
Thomson Learning EMEA, Ltd.
3. Bernard Kolman, William F. Trench, Elementary Multivariable Calculus, 1971,
Academic Press.
4. Howard Anton, Albert Herr, Multivariable Calculus, 5th edition, 1995, John Wiley.
PST-321 Pakistan Studies 2 (2 – 0)

Historical Perspective, Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Factors leading to
Muslim separatism, People and Land, Indus Civilization, Muslim advent, Location and geo-
physical features, Government and Politics in Pakistan, Political and constitutional phases,
1947-58, 1958-71, 1971-77, 1977-88, 1988-99, 1999 onward, Contemporary Pakistan,
Economic institutions and issues, Society and social structure, Ethnicity, Foreign policy of
Pakistan and challenges, Futuristic outlook of Pakistan.
Recommended Books
1. Akbar, S. Zaidi. 2000. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University Press

14
 2. Afzal, M. Rafique. 1998.Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III. Islamabad:
National Institute of Historical and cultural Research
3. Mehmood, Safdar. 1994. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore,
4. S.M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring.1993 Pakistan’s Foreign policy: An Historical
analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press,.
5. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: 1993. The Military Perspective. Islamabad:
National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research,
6. Muhammad Waseem, 1987 Pakistan Under Martial Law, Lahore: Vanguard
7. Burki, Shahid Javed. 1980 State & Society in Pakistan, The Macmillan Press Ltd.
8. Ziring, Lawrence. 1980 Enigma of Political Development. Kent England: WmDawson
& sons Ltd,.
9. Zahid, Ansar. 1980. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company
10. Aziz, K.K. Party, 1976. Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Commission on
Historical and Cultural Research,
11. Wilcox, Wayne.The Emergence of Banglades., Washington: American Enterprise,
Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
12. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Islamia, Club
Road, nd.
13. Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad: Institute of Policy
Studies, Islamabad.
14. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. 1967. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin,
ENG-322 English Comprehension and Composition 3 (3 – 0)

Introductory lecture on English Composition + Comprehension, Discussion on managing

your time, Time managing techniques, time saving tips, Essay Writing Topics, Analyzing
your time, Becoming a more successful learner, Principles of learning + memory, Types of
memory (long term memory + short term memory) Lecture/Discussion on Essay writing,
topics three topics for essay composition, 4 th topic of essay, techniques for effective reading,
improving your ability to concentrate, Excluding distractions, focusing your attention, Essay
writing topics, discussion on current situation (topics) 5 th topic effective reading habits,
developing physical reading skills, developing a positive approach to reading, revision of
previous contents /syllabus, Pre reading, demonstration of pre reading, how to pre read
articles and chapter, Limitation of pre reading, what does pre reading accomplish,
Comprehension skills, understanding sentences, complete and incomplete sentences,
Indentifying core parts in complicated sentences, Punctuation, An aid to sentence
comprehension , Understanding paragraph, Three essential elements of paragraph, How to
identify topic, how to find main idea, text book underlining and marking, How to underline
textbooks, marking a text book, study reading for academic disciplines, distinction b/w
reading and study, Developing A classic system SQ3R, Developing your own study system,
Note- taking techniques, how to take lecture notes, how to edit your notes, participation in
class discussion, preparing for exams, preparing written Assignments and Research papers,
Vocabulary development, effective use of context, skimming & scanning techniques,
Recommended Books
1. College Reading + Study skills by Kathleen T.MC Whorter
2. High School English Grammar by WREN & Martin

MTH-112 Basic Mathematics – II (Deficiency Course for 3 (3 – 0)

15
 F.Sc Pre-Medical)

Preliminaries: Real Numbers and the Real Line, Functions and their graphs: Polynomial
Functions, Rational Functions, Trigonometric Functions, and Transcendental Functions.
Slope of a Line, Equation of a Line, Solution of equations involving absolute values,
Inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a Function, Left Hand and Right Hand Limits,
Continuity, Continuous Functions. Derivatives and its Applications: Differentiation of
Polynomial, Rational and Transcendental Functions, Extreme Values of Functions.
Integration and Indefinite Integrals: Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, Change
of Variables in Indefinite Integrals. Least-Squares Line.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley publishing company, 2005.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th edition, Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3.Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A.Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s Outline Series, 4th edition, 1999.
5. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus and Analytic Geometry PWS Publishers, Boston, 1983.
6. John H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics Science and Engineering,
Prentice-Hall, Second Edition 1992.

3rd Semester

PHY-401 Electricity and Magnetism-I 3 (3 – 0)

Electric charge, coulombs law, Electric field, continuous charge distributions, image charges,
electric dipole, Gauss’s Law and its applications, electric potential, electric properties of
materials, capacitor, dielectric, capacitors in circuits, energy stored in capacitors, electric
polarization, Gauss’s Law for dielectrics, electric current, current density and Ohm’s law,
equation of continuity, DC circuits, analysis of circuits, electric fields in circuits, resistance in
circuits, energy transfers in a circuit, RC circuits, magnetism, magnetic force on a charged
particle, magnetic torque due to currents, magnetic dipole, Biot-Savart Law and its
applications, Ampere’s law and its applications, Gauss’ law for magnetism, origin of atomic
and nuclear magnetism, magnetization, magnetic materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic,
ferroamagnetic. Induced magnetic fields and displacement current.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics, 9 th Ed , John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York,.
2. Griffiths D, 2003, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice Hall.
3. Resnick, Hlliday and Krane, 2002, Physics Vol II, Ed. 5 th, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
16
 4. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics Ed. 11 th, Addison-Wesley,
reading (MA), USA.
PHY-403 Modern Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Thermal radiation (black body radiation), quantization of energy, The photoelectric effect,
Einstein’s photon theory, the Compton effect, line spectra, wave behavior of particles,
Testing de Broglie’s hypothesis, waves, wave packets and particles, Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle, wave function, Schrodinger equation, trapped particles and probability densities,
the correspondence principle, dual nature of matter (waves and particles). The atomic
structure of hydrogen. Bohr’s theory, angular momentum of electrons, electron spin, X-ray
spectrum, lasers, discovering the nucleus, basic nuclear properties, radioactive decay.
Measuring ionizing radiation, natural radioactivity and nuclear reaction. Energy from the
nucleus, nuclear fission. Nuclear reactor, thermonuclear fusion. Controlled thermonuclear
fusion.

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics, 9 th Ed , John Wiley

and Sons Inc, New York,.
2. Raymond A. Serway and John W. Jewett, January 11, 2010, 8th Edition, Physics for
Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics.
3. Demtroder. W, 2005. Atoms, Molecules and Photons, publisher: Springer
4. Foot C.J., 2005. Atomic Physics 1st Ed, Oxford University Press
5. H. Haken and H.C. 2004, The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, 7 th Ed, Wolf, publisher:
Springer
6. Bransden B.H, and Joachain 2003. Atoms and Molecules 2nd Ed. publisher: Pearson
Education.
7. Beiser, A 2002, Concepts of Modern Physics. 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill, USA.
8. Halliday Resnick, and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. II, 5 th Ed, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York
MTH-405 Differential Equations-I 3 (3 – 0)

Differential Equations and their classification, Formation of differential equations, Initial

values and boundary values problem, separation of variables, homogeneous differential
equations, Exact differential equations, differential equations reducible to homogeneous
form, linear differential equations of 1st order, Bernoulli’s equations, Orthogonal trajectories,
homogenous linear equations, non-homogenous differential equations with constants
coefficients, D and D-1 operators, general & particular integrals, Cauchy-Euler’s equations,
reduction of order, method of variation of parameters, Exact linear Equations, power series
solutions of first order differential equations.
Recommended Books
1. Zill D G, Cullen M R, Differential Equations with boundary value problems, (3 rd
Edition) 1997, PWS Publishing Co.
2. Muhammad Amin, Mathematical Methods, 2007, Ilmi Kitabkhana Lahore.
3. Eisgolts L, Differential Equations and Calculus of variations, 1970, Mir Publishers,
Mascow.
4. Jerri A J, Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications, 1985, Marcel Dibber,
New York.
5. Simmons G F, Differential Equations with Applications and Historical notes, Second
Edition, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1991.
17
 6. Boyce W E and DiPrima RC, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary value
problems, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1997.
7. Hairer, E., Norsett, S P., & Warner G, 2008, Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I:
Nonstiff Problems (Vol. 8), Springer Science & Business Media.
MTH-429 Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces 3 (3 – 0)

Distance in R2 metric, definition of metric and metric space, examples, balls, diameters,
open & closed ball, open set & close set. interior points and interior of a set, exterior points
and exterior of a set, closure of a subset, limit points, neighbourhood points, boundary
points, sequences and their convergence complete space, Basic notions of set theory, set
operations, extended set operations and indexed families of sets. relations, equivalence
relations, partition, ordering relations, function as relations, topological spaces; subspaces
and relative topology, open sets, closed sets, neighbourhood, interior, exterior boundary and
limit points, base and sub base.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. G.F. Simon, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, 1963, McGraw Hill
Book Company, New York.
2. J. Willard, General Topology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London.
3. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, 1978, John Wiley
and Sons.
4. W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
5. N. Dunford and J. Schwartz, Linear Operators (Part-I General Theory), Interscience
Publishers, New York.
ENG-421 Communication Skills 3 (3 – 0)

• Oral presentation skills (prepared and unprepared talks)

• Preparing for interviews (scholarship, job, placement for internship, etc.)

• Writing formal letters

• Writing different kinds of applications (leave, job, complaint, etc.)

• Preparing a Curriculum Vitae (CV), (bio-data)

• Writing short reports

Recommended Readings:

1. Ellen, K. 2002. Maximize Your Presentation Skills: How to Speak, Look and Act on Your
Way to the Top

2. Hargie, O. (ed.) Hand book of Communications Skills

3. Mandel, S. 2000. Effective Presentation Skills: A Practical Guide Better Speaking

4. Mark, P. 1996. Presenting in English. Language Teaching Publications.

PHY-407 Mechanics, Heat and Vibrations Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

18
 1. Measurement of Oscillation period of the pendulum as a function of the angle of
oscillation Φ of the oscillation plane for two different pendulum lengths.
2. Projectile motion: (a) To determine the range as a function of the angle of inclination.
(b) To determine the maximum height of projectile as a function of angle of
inclination. (c) To determine the range / height as a function of initial velocity of
projectile.
3. To determine the value of ‘g’ be compound pendulum (Kater’s Pendulum).
4. To determine Horizontal/Vertical distance by Sextant.
5. To determine the frequency of A.C supply by Melde’s experiment.
6. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a flat spiral spring.
7. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a wire by solid cylindrical rod.
8. Surface tension of water by capillary flow method.
Recommended Books:-
1. Kraftmakers, Y. 2007. Experiments and demonstrations in Physics, World Scientific
Publishing Co. Ltd.
1. Isenberg, C. 1996. Physics Experiments and Projects for students (Physics
experiments & Projects). Taylor and Francis, USA.
+
ISL-411 Translation of The Holy Quran-II 1(1-0)
Will be provided later
4th Semester
PHY-402 Electricity and Magnetism-II 3 (3 – 0)

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic induction, review of emf, Lenz’s Law, Induced

electric fields, Inductance, Inductance of a Solenoid and Toroid. Transients, LR Circuits,
Growth and Decay of current, Energy stored in a magnetic field, Energy density,
Electromagnetic Oscillation, Qualitative and Quantitative analysis, Forced
electromagnetic oscillations and resonance, Alternating current, AC current in resistive,
inductive and capacitive elements, single loop RLC circuit, acceptor and rejecter circuits,
Power in A.C circuits, Summarizing the electro-magnetic equations, Induced magnetic
fields & displacement current, Maxwell's equations, Maxwell equations in a medium,
dielectrics and magnetic materials, e.m spectrum, generating an electro-magnetic wave,
Traveling waves and Maxwell's equations, energy transport and the Poynting Vector,
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in conducting media and in ionized gases,
reflection and transmission at normal and oblique incidence, absorption and dispersion of
electromagnetic waves in a conductor.

Recommended Books:

1. Serway, Raymond A. and Jerry S. Faughn, 2003, College physics, 6th ed,
Brooks/Cole Publishin
2. Resnick, Hlliday and Krane. 2002, Physics, Vol II, 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York
3. Feynman R.P, R.B Leighton and M.Sands. The Fyenman Lectures of Physics;
Electromagnetism and matter. Addison Wesley.
4. Griffiths D. 1989, Introduction to Electrodynamics. Prentice Hall.
5. Lorrain P and D.Corson. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 2nd Ed. Freeman
publications.
19
PHY-404 Modern Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

Review of Bohr’s theory, Summerfeld model, Frank Hertz Experiment, Stern Gerlach
Experiment, quantum numbers, radiactive transition, selection rules, Zeeman Effect (normal
and anomalous Zeeman Effect, The Stark Effect, Pauli exclusion principle, Spin orbit
coupling LS coupling, JJ coupling, X-ray spectra. Molecular spectra, Ionic and covalent
bonding, diatomic molecular-rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra, polyatomic
molecules, black body radiation, Einstein co-efficient (A and B coefficients) and stimulated
emission, pumping schemes, characteristics of laser, different types of lasers, laser
applications. The fine structure of hydrogen, Helium, the ground state of helium, excited
states of helium, transitions in helium.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday Resnick, and Walker, 2011. Fundamental of Physics, 9 th Ed , John Wiley

and Sons Inc, New York,.
2. Demtroder. W, 2005. Atoms, Molecules and Photons, publisher: Springer
3. Foot C J. 2005, Atomic Physics 1st Ed, Oxford University Press.
4. Haken H and H.C. 2004, The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, 7 th Ed, Wolf, publisher:
Springer
5. Beiser, A 2002, Concepts of Modern Physics. 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill, USA.
6. Bransden B H, and Joachain 2003. Atoms and Molecules 2nd Ed. publisher: Pearson
Education.
7. Halliday Resnick, and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. II, 5 th Ed, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York
MTH-406 Differential Equations-II 3 (3 – 0)

Higher Order Differential Equations:

Initial and Boundary value problem, Existence of a unique solution,Homogeneous DEs’,
Linear Dependence and Independence, Wronskian and non-homogeneous Linear Differential
Equation.Non-Homogenous Differential Equations with constant Coefficient, D & Inverse D-
1, Operators, General & Particular Integrals. Cauchy-Eluer’s equations, Reduction of order,
Method of Variation of Parameter’s, Exact Linear Equations, System of Linear Differential
Equations. Power Series Solutions of first order Differential Equations. Laplace and Inverse
Transformations with simple Application to Differential Equation.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Zill D G, Cullen M.R. Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems (3rd
Edition), 1997, PWS Publishing Co.
2. Eisgolts L, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, 1970, Mir
Publishers Moscow.
3. Jerri A.J Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications, 1985, Marcel Dibber
New York.
4. Muhammad Amin, Mathematical Methods, 2007, IlmiKitabKhana Lahore.
PHY-408 Optics and Modern Physics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

1. Characteristic x-rays of Molybdenum

2. Specific rotation of cane – sugar solution with Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.
20
 3. Ionization potential of mercury / Neon.
4. e/m Experiment (determination of charge to mass ratio of electron)
5. X-ray investigation of crystals
6. Characteristic curves of a solar cell.
7. Plank’s constant using photocell method.
8. Wave length of sodium light using a diffraction grating.
Recommended Books.
1. Leimbach G, 2005. Physics Laboratory experiment, Germany.
2. Demtroder.W. 2005. Atoms, Molecules and Photon, Springer.
1. Beiser, A 2002, Concepts of Modern Physics. 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill, USA.
MTH-424 Linear Algebra 3 (3 – 0)

Vectors, Vector Spaces, Matrices & Determinants, Cofactor and Inverse, Rank, Linear
Independence, Solution of system of Linear systems, Positive Definite matrix, Linear
Transformations, Operations on matrices, Inner products, orthgonality and least squares,
Eigenvalue & Eigenvectors. Applications to Systems of Equations and to Geometry, Singular
Value Decomposition.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Bernard Kolman, David Hill, Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications, 9th edion,
Prentice Hall PTR, 2007.
2. Gilbert Strang, Strang, Brett Coonley, Andy Bulman-Fleming, Andrew Bulman-Fleming,
Strang's Linear Algebra And Its Applications, 4th edition, Brooks/Cole, 2005
3. Howard Anton, Chris Rorres, Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version, 9th
edition, Wiley, 2005.
4. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 2000.
CHM-424 Introductory Chemistry 4 (3 – 1)

Atomic structure and periodic table; Progress in the development of atomic structure and
experiments which give clue about three fundamental particles i.e. electron, proton and
neutron. Electronic configuration and rules for electronic configuration. Arrangement of
elements in modern periodic table. General trends in periodic properties i.e., atomic radii,
ionic radii, ionization potentials. Electron affinities, electronegativities.

Chemical bonding: Theories of chemical bonding, Lewis concept about types of chemical
bonding i.e. ionic, covalent and coordinate covalent bond. Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion (VSEPR) model and prediction of molecular shapes. Valence bond theory (VBT)
and hybridization. Molecular orbital theory (MOT) applied to diatomic molecules. Inductive
effect; resonance, resonance energy, rules of resonance, resonance effect, steric inhibition of
resonance; hyperconjugation; tautomerism, isomerism and its types in organic compounds.

Chemical kinetics and solution chemistry:

Introduction, rate, molecularity and order of reaction. Experimental techniques and methods
for determination of rate and order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate, and graphical
methods). Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s law and its applications, vapour pressure of
non-ideal solutions, lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of
freezing point and osmotic pressure.

Chemical Data Handling

Accuracy of analytical processes such as sampling, weighing, volume measurements,
21
precipitation, washing, filtration and ignition. Recent developments in the sampling
techniques, random and systematic errors, rounding off the data, arithmetic mean, median,
mode, standard deviation, relative standard deviation.

Practicals
More experiments should be included according to the facilities available in the teaching
institution.
• Experiments in chromatography (i.e. TLC and paper chromatography to
separate cations, mixture of inks).
• Determination of viscosity and parachor values of liquids.
• Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions by viscometer
• Determination of refractive index and molar refractivity.
• Fractional distillation / solvent extraction.
• Chemical analysis of Thiourea, Benzoic Acid, NaCl and PbSO4.

Recommended Books

o Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by F. Albert Cotton, Geoffery Wilkinson:

Interscience Publishers John Wiley & Sons
o Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee; Chapman & Hall publishers
London.
o Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry by F. James Holler, Stenley R. Crouch;
Published by Skoog and West.
o Physical Chemistry Peter Atkins and Julio De Paula; Published in Great
Britain by Oxford University Press. Physical Chemistry sixth Edition by Ira N.
Levine Published by Higher Education Publishers London.
o A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by Haq Nawaz Bhatti; Published by
Carvan Book House Lahore.
o Organic Chemistry by K. M. Ibne-Rsa, Abdur Rehman, Haq Nawaz Bhatti;
Published by Carvan Book House Lahore.
o Principles of Physical Chemistry by Haq Nawaz Bhatti; Published by Carvan
BookHouse Lahore.
o Principles of Analytical Chemistry, by Haq Nawaz Bhatti; Published by
Carvan Book House Lahore.
5th Semester
PHY-501 Methods of Mathematical Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Vector operations, Physical significance of DEL operator, Gauss’s divergence theorem,

Green’s theorem, Stokes’s theorem, Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates system, Gradient,
Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Spherical polar and
Cylindrical coordinates systems. Complex numbers, Euler’s formula, De Moivre’s theorem,
elementary functions, analytic functions of complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann equation,
harmonic functions, complex integration, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula,
Taylor and Laurent series, Contour integrals, singularities and residues, residue theorem,
branch points and integrals of multivalued functions. Tensors Analysis and applications.
Recommended Books:
1. Arfken G.B and H.J Weber, F.E Harris, 2012, 7 th Edition, Mathematical Methods for
22
 Physicists, A. Press, New York.
2. Dass H.K, R. Verma, 2011, 6th Edition, Mathematical Physics, S. Chand& Company
Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Kreyszig E. 2011, 10th Edition, Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Wiley, New
York.
4. Collins R.E, 2011, 2nd Edition, Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers,
Dover Publications.
5. Tang K.T, 2010, 2nd Edition, Mathematical Methods for Engineers and Scientists 2,
Springer.
6. Spiegel M.R 2009, 1st EditionAdvanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists,
Schaum’s outlines series, McGraw Hill.
7. Riley K F, M P Hobson and S J Bence. 2006, 3 rd Edition, Mathematical Methods for
Physics and Engineering, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
PHY-503 Classical Mechanics 3 (3 – 0)

Historical development of classical mechanics, Newtonian mechanics of single particle &

system of particles, constraints, generalized coordinates, D’Alembert’s Principle , Derivation
of Lagrange’s equations, simple applications of the lagrangian formulation, Hamilton’s
Principle, Techniques of the calculus of variation, Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from
Hamilton’s principle, Applications of Hamilton’s principle, shortest distance between two
points in a plane and space, minimum surface of revolution, the Brachistochrone problem,
conservation theorem , Two body central force problem & its reduction to the equivalent one
body problem, Kepler’s law as an inverse square law problem, Differential equation for the
orbits and the different shapes of the orbit, planetary orbits & their equations, Legendre
transformations and its applications, Derivation of Hamilton’s equation of motion,
Hamiltonian, cyclic coordinates, Routh’s Procedure, The equations & examples of canonical
transformations, Poisson’s brackets & their properties, Poisson’s brackets & other canonical
invariants, Poisson’s theorem, invariance of Poisson’s bracket under canonical
transformation.

Recommended Books:

1. Goldstein H, P Charle and J L Safko. 2001, Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley.

2. Hand L N and J.D Finch. 1998, Analytical Mechanics. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
3. Barger V D and M G Olsson. 1995, Classical Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
4. Landau L D and E M Lifshitz. Mechanics. 1960, Pergamon, Oxford.
5. Classical Mechanics by J.W. Leech Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, 1958.
PHY-505 Electrodynamics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Electric dipole, Electric field and electric potential at a point due to dipole, mutual
interaction energy of two dipoles, Force and Couple on the dipole placed in an external
electric field, Dielectrics: Polarization and polarization density vector, surface and volume
charge densities due to polarization, electric field inside the dielectric, electric susceptibility
and dielectric constant, Poisson and Laplace equations both for dielectric and space, Solution
to Laplace equation in Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinates, Uncharged

23
conducting and dielectric sphere in uniform electric field, Electrostatic Images, Point charge
near an infinite grounded conducting plane, Electric potential, electric field intensity and
surface charge density in case of point charge and conducting sphere.Electric current: nature
of electric current, current density, equation of continuity, Ohm’s law, steady current in
media without source of e. m. f., Approach to electrostatic equilibrium, Magnetic properties
of steady current: Current carrying element, Force on current carrying conductor, Biot-savart
law and their applications, Ampere’s circuital law and their applications, Magnetic vector and
scalar potential, Magnetic field of a distant circuit, Magnetic properties of matter:
Magnetization vectors M, Magnetic current densities due to surface and volume currents and
vector potential, Magnetic field due to the magnetized material, Magnetic scalar potential and
pole density, Magnetic intensity vector H, Relation between H and M, Field equation,
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Boundary conditions on the field vectors.

Recommended Books:

1. Bo Thide, 2011, The Electromagnetic filed theory 2nd Ed.

2. Martin Dressed, 2002, Electrodynamics of solids (optional properties of electron in
matter), 1st Ed. Cambridge University, Press.
3. Griffiths D.J. 1999, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition
4. John R. Reitz, 1992, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, 4th Edition
PHY-507 Electronics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Linaer network analysis; superposition, Thevenin, Norton and Mill man’s theorems,
Electronics: the p-n junction, Bias the p-n junction diode, diode, characteristics of diode,
different models and types of diodes, half-wave and full-wave rectifier, full-wave bridge
rectifier, capacitor, inductive, and πR filters, Clipping and clamping circuits, Zener voltage
regulators, regulated power supply, varactor diodes, Optical diodes, Light emitting Diodes.
Bipolar junction transistor (BJT), transistor characteristics, biasing circuits such as base bias,
emitter bias, voltage-divider bias, feedback bias circuits, amplifier classifications, common
emitter amplifier, the emitter followers, the common base amplifier. RC-coupled amplifiers,
Power amplifiers, (class A, class B amplifiers, class C amplifier), introduction to Junction
field-effect transistors (JFET), JFET biasing circuits, the common source follower,
introduction to MOSFET.
Recommended Books:
1. Floyd, T. L. 2010. Electronic Devices 9TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood
Cliffs (USA).
2. Nashelsky, L. & Robert, L. B. 2009. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 10TH Ed.
Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
3. Malvino, A. P. 2008. Electronic Principles. 7TH Ed. Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book Co.
4. Grob, B. 2003. Basic Electronics 9TH Ed. McGraw-Hill.
3 (3 –
PHY-509 Relativity and Cosmology
0)

Special Relativity, Galilean relativity, Einstein’s postulates of special relativity.

Consequences of special relativity. Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz transformations,
consequences of Lorentz transformations (the relativity of length, the relativity of time,
24
concept of simultaneity) Relativistic Mechanics, Transformation of relativistic velocities,
addition of relativistic velocities, Relativity of mass, Force equation in relativity, rest
mass ,KE and total energy, conservation of energy and momentum, the conversion of mass to
kinetic energy in Uranium Fission, pair production and annihilation, The Cerenkov Effect and
Cerenkov radiation, Einstein’s mass-energy relationship and its practical examples, particle
of Zero rest mass, Relativistic Doppler Effect, Aberration of Light, Tachyons, structure of
space time, Geometry of space time, Minkowski space time tensors, the light cone, and four
vectors (position four vector, four velocity, four momentum, four force). General relativity,
Gravity as a Geometry, The equivalence principle, clocks in a gravitation field, space time is
curved, geodesics, the geodesic equation, equation of geodesic deviation, Einstein field
equation Manifolds and coordinates, curves and surfaces, tensor fields, metric tensor.
Cosmology cosmological redshift, Hubble’s law, microwave background, the Big Bang,
Theory, Historical background of universe, stars , neutron stars, pulsars , black holes,
quasars, singularity, measuring the distance to stars, concept of open, closed and flat
universe, dark matter(MACHOs and WIMPs-)
Recommended Books:
1. James B. 2005, An Introdu ing to Einstein’s General Relativity. Hartle Pearson
Education.
2. Beiser A. 2002. 6th E. Perspectives of Modern Physics. McGraw-Hill.
3. Resnick, Halliday and Krane. 2002, Physics Vol. I, 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New
York.
4. McComb W D. 1999, Dynamics and Relativity. Oxford University Press.
5. Inverno R.D. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity.1992, Oxford University Press.
6. Narlikar J V. 1989, Introduction to Cosmology. Cambridge University Press.
PHY-511 Electromagnetism Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

1. To determine the resistance of various DC conductors by recording their

current/voltage characteristics.
2. To study the internal resistance and matching in various voltage sources and draw
their power diagrams.
3. Establishment of relationship between electrostatic force and charge, electrostatic
force and distance between charges and to determine the electric constant using
Coulomb’s Law / image charge.
4. To study the ferromagnetic hysterisis of a two ring-shaped iron cores by continuous
adjustable direct current and to determine the remanence and coersive field strength.
5. Investigation of induced current and voltage in secondary coil of a transformer as a
function of number of turns and current flowing in the primary coil.
6. To determine the inductance and phase displacement of coil (single, parallel and
series formations) in AC circuit as a function of frequency of voltage source.
7. To determine the capacitance and phase displacement of capacitor (single, parallel
and series formations) in AC circuit as a function of frequency of voltage source.
8. To determine the dielectric constants of different materials.
9. To study the ripple of the output voltage of various rectifier circuits as a function of
the load current strength and the charging capacitance.
10. To study the frequency response of simple RC filters by point-by-point measurements
and the sweep displayed on the oscilloscope.
11. To investigate the filter characteristics as a function of frequency of a coil, a

25
 capacitor, an Ohmic resistance and combinations of these components and to
determine the phase displacement of the filters as a function of frequency.
12. To study the behavior of RLC series and parallel circuit and determination of its
resonance frequency. (Optional: To determine the dielectric constant using RLC
series circuit.)

Recommended Books:
1. Kraftmakers, Y. 2007. Experiments and demonstrations in Physics, World Scientific
Publishing Co. Ltd.
rd
2. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3 Edition
3. Isenberg, C. 1996. Physics Experiments and Projects for students (Physics
experiments & Projects).
4. Taylor and Francis, USA.
+
ISL-511 Translation of The Holy Quran-III 1(1-0)
Will be provided later
6th Semester

PHY-502 Methods of Mathematical Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

Fourier Analysis, Fourier cosine and sine series, change of interval, Fourier integral, complex
form of Fourier series, Fourier transform, Fourier transform of derivatives, Laplace
transform, Inverse Laplace Transform, Convolution theorem, Initial boundary value problem,
Laplace transform of derivatives. Physical significance along with examples of Fourier and
Laplace transforms. Special functions, Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre and associate Legendre
polynomial. Bessel function, Neumann function, and spherical Bessel function, Gamma
function. Nonhomogeneous equations- Green’s function, Green’s function in terms of Eigen-
function, the Sturm-Liouville problem, Green’s function for Dirac Delta functions,
Recommended Books:
1. Arfken G.B and H.J Weber, F.E Harris, 2012, 7 th Edition, Mathematical Methods for
Physicists, A. Press, New York.
2. Dass H.K, R. Verma, 2011, 6th Edition, Mathematical Physics, S. Chand& Company
Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Kreyszig E. 2011, 10th Edition, Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Wiley, New
York.
4. Collins R.E, 2011, 2nd Edition, Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers,
Dover Publications.
5. Tang K.T, 2010, 2nd Edition, Mathematical Methods for Engineers and Scientists 2,
Springer.
6. Spiegel M.R 2009, 1st EditionAdvanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists,
Schaum’s outlines series, McGraw Hill.
7. Riley K F, M P Hobson and S J Bence. 2006, 3 rd Edition, Mathematical Methods for
Physics and Engineering, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
PHY-504 Quantum Mechanics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Review of concepts of classical mechanics, The state of a system, Dynamical variables and
operators, Linear vector space, orthogonal systems, linear transformations, matrices, change
of basis, Hilbert space, Commuting and noncommuting operators, Heisenberg uncertainty
26
relations, Functions and expectation values, Dirac notation, Hermitian operators, Symmetry
principles and conservation laws, Orbital angular momentum, Spin, The eigenvalues and
eigen functions of L2 and Lx, Matrix representation of angular momentum operators,
Addition of angular momenta. Properties of one dimensional potential functions, Solutions of
Schrödinger equation for free particles, the potential barrier problems, The linear harmonic
oscillator, Particle in a box. Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions, Separation of
Schrodinger equation in Cartesian coordinates, Central potentials, The free particle, Three
dimensional square well potential, The hydrogen atom, Three dimensional isotopic oscillator.

Recommended Books:

1. Zettli N. 2009, Quantum Mechanics Concepts and applications. J Willy.

2. Bransden B H and Joachain C J. 1990, Introductory Quantum mechanics. Longman
Scientific & Technical London.
3. Greiner W.1980, An Introduction Quantum Mechanics. Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts.
4. Liboff, R.L. 1980. “Introductory quantum Mechanics”, by Addison Wesley
Publishing Company, Reading Massachusetts,
3 (3 –
PHY-506 Nuclear Physics-I
0)

Nuclear mass, size, nuclear spin, Nuclear Binding energy, magnetic dipole moments, electric
quadruple moments, parity and statistics. Observed phenomenon of radio activity,
explanation of α-decay: Absorption, Range, Ionization and Stopping power of alpha particles,
theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of β-decay, theory of γ-decay, energetic of γ-decay,
Nuclear isomerism, Internal conversion, Mossbauer Effect, Yukawa meson theory of nuclear
forces, properties of nuclear forces, n-p and p-p scattering at low energies. Passage of
charged particles through matter, Ionization chamber, proportional counter, GM counter,
scintillation counter, semi-conductor detector, bubble chamber. Linear accelerator, van de
Graff generator, Synchrocyclotron, proton synchrotron, betatron, photographic emulsion.

Recommended Books:

1. Zhang, Z..M, B.K. Tsai and G. Machin. 2010. Experimental Methods in Physical Science
Vol. 2, Academic Press, USA.
2. Alejandro Garcia and Ernest M. Henley, (2007). Subatomic Physics, by publisher: World
Scientific Publishing.
3. B R Martin, 2006. Nuclear and Particle Physics, publisher: New York: Wiley
4. David, W.I.F., K. Shankland, L.B McK usker and C. Baerloche. 2006.
Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data. Oxford University
Press, New York.
5. Hanlon, J. F. 2003. A User Guide to Vacuum Technology. John Wiley and
sons, USA.
6. Kaplan Irving Nuclear Physics, latest edition.
7. lilley John 2001 Nuclear physics: Basic concepts and applications,
8. Povh B, Rith K, Scholz C and Zetsche F, 2006, Particles and Nuclei: an Introduction to
the Physical Concepts, 5th Edition, publisher: Berlin Springer,.
27
9. S. Krane Kenneth. 1995. “Introducing Nuclear Physics,
PHY-508 Electrodynamics-II 3 (3 – 0)

Maxwell’s equations, Differential form of Faraday law of electromagnetic induction,

Maxwell correction of Amper’s law and displacement current, Electromagnetic energy vector
(Poynting vector), Wave equations for scalar and vector potential, Gauge transformations,
Lorentz gauge and Coulombs gauge, Retarded scalar and vector potentials, Wave equations
for E and H, Time dependent wave equation, Plane electromagnetic waves in a conducting
and non-conducting media, Linear and circular polarization. Electromagnetic wave in matter:
Propagation in linear media, Reflection and Transmission at the boundary of non-conducting
media (Normal and Oblique incidence), Reflection at conducting surface, Frequency
dependence of permittivity, Radiation: Electric and Magnetic dipole, Power radiated by a
point charge, Radiation reaction, Electrodynamics and Relativity: Einstein’s Postulates,
Geometry of Relativity, Lorentz Transformations, Proper time and velocity, Relativistic
energy, momentum, kinematics, and electrodynamics, Magnetism as a relativistic
phenomenon.

Recommended Books:
1. Griffiths D.J. 1999, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition
2. John R. Reitz, 1992, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, 4th Edition
PHY-510 Electronics-II 3 (3 – 0)

An overview of operational amplifiers (op-amp), the differential amplifier, the inverting and
non-inverting amplifiers, op-amp frequency response, negative feedback, comparators,
integrators and differentiators, Instrumentation amplifier, Log and Antilog amplifiers,
Constant current source, Current to Voltage and Voltage to Current converters, phase shift
oscillators, the Wienbridge oscillator, the Colpitts & Hartley oscillators, the crystal oscillator,
Schmitt triggers, the 555 timer, monostable, bistable, and astable multi vibrators, switching
circuits, introduction to thyristors, silicon-controlled rectifiers, diacs and triacs, Number
systems, digital circuits, Logic gates and Boolean algebra, arithmetic circuits, flip flops and
latches, binary counters, Analog to Digital and Digital to analog conversion circuits.

Recommended Books:

1. Floyd T L. 2010, Electronic Devices 9 TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood

Cliffs (USA).
2. Floyd, T. L. 2010, Digital Fundamentals 10TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs (USA).
3. Tocci R J. 2010, Digital Systems: Principles and Applications 11 TH Ed. Prentice-
Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
4. Malvino, A P. 2008, Electronic Principles. 7TH Ed. Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co.
5. Nashelsky, L and L B Robert. 2009, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 10 TH
Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
PHY-512 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

28
The candidate must perform at least Eight experiments from the list given below. 50%
weightage must be given to viva-voce about apparatus, theory of experiments and estimation
of errors.
1. To Expose the students to advance level experimentation in Physics
2. To make them familiar to such experiments where outcome can be used in
developing future research capabilities and teaching skills
3. To make the students confident in their studies by showing and measuring parameters
mostly used in their theoretical work.
1. To study the characteristics curves of GM counter.
2. To determine the absorption coefficient of lead for Gamma Rays using GM counter
assembly.
3. To determine the maximum energy of Beta Particles using GM counter assembly.
4. To determine the range of an Alpha Particle and guess its energy using empirical
relations using GM counter assembly.
5. To measure the half life of a radioactive nuclide.
6. To study of Random processes and fluctuations in Random processes (Gaussian
distribution curve) using GM counter assembly.
7. To study radioactive equilibrium using Cs 137/Ba137 mini generator using GM counter
assembly.
8. Demonstration of Interaction of Radiations with matter using absorber kit using GM
counter assembly.
9. Verification of inverse square law using GM counter assembly.
10. To study the wave characteristics of an electron. (electron diffraction experiment.)
11. Determination of Planck’s constant using He-Neon laser, and compare its results with
Photo cell method.
12. Determination of velocity of light using He-Neon laser and compare it with other
standard methods.

Recommended Books:
1.Gray T S. Applied Electronics (John-willey and Sons)
2.Higgings R J. Experimental Electronics (Mc Graw Hill)
3.Mark H and N.T Olson. Experiments in Modern Physics (Mc Graw Hill)
4.Melissienson A C. Experiments in Modern Physics (Academic)
5.Squares G L. Practical Physics 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press.
7 Semester
PHY-601 Quantum Mechanics-II 3 (3 – 0)

Matrix representation of operators, digitalization, Identical Particles, Second Quantization,

Indistinguishability of identical particles, Systems of identical particles, Quantum dynamics
of identical particle systems, statistics, Symmetry of states, Fermions, Bosons. Time
evolution of a system, Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures, Time independent perturbation
theory for non-degenerate and degenerate levels, Time dependent perturbation theory,
Variational method, The WKB approximation and its applications. Theory of Scattering,
Scattering experiments and cross sections, Potential scattering, the method of partial waves,
The Born’s approximation

29
Recommended Books:

1. Bransden B H and C J Joachain. 1990, Introductory Quantum mechanics, Longman

Scientific & Technical London.
2. Greiner W. 1980, An Introduction Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts.
3. Liboff, R.L. 1980. Introductory quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts,
4. Zettli N. 2009, Quantum Mechanics Concepts and applications, J Willy.
3 (3 –
PHY-603 Nuclear Physics-II
0)

Types of nuclear reaction, Conservation laws of nuclear reaction, Q-values of nuclear

reaction, threshold energy, transmutation by photons, protons, deuterons and α-particles,
direct reactions, compound nuclear theory of nuclear reactions, limitation of compound
nucleus, excited states of nucleus, bound and virtual energy levels, level width, cross-section
for nuclear reactions, Breit-wigner formula. Liquid drop model, Semi-empirical mass
formula, volume and surface energies, Shell model: magic numbers and closed shells, spin –
orbit interaction, Collective nuclear model, nuclear deformations. The production and
detection of neutrons, Fission and Fusion Reactions, discovery of nuclear fission, fission
products, Bohr-wheeler theory of nuclear fission, mass and energy distribution of fission
fragments, Description of nuclear fusion process, D-D and D-T reactions, Fusion processes
in sun and stars, Nuclear fission and fusion as a source of energy, Basic of nuclear reactors,
controlled nuclear fusion.

Recommended Books:

1. Henley E M and A Garcia.2007, Subatomic. World Scientific Publishing.

2. David, W.I.F., K. Shankland, L.B McK usker and C. Baerloche. 2006.
Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data. Oxford University
Press, New York.
3. Martin B R. 2006, Nuclear and Particle Physics. New York: Wiley.
4. Povh B, K Rith, C Scholz and F Zetsche, 2006, Particles and Nuclei: an
Introduction to the Physical Concepts 5th Edition. Berlin Springer.
5. Hanlon, J. F. 2003. A User Guide to Vacuum Technology. John Wiley and
sons, USA.
6. Krane K S, 1995, Introducing Nuclear Physics..
7. Lilley J. 2001, Nuclear physics: Basic concepts and applications.
8. Nuclear Physics, by Irving Kaplan latest edition.
9. Zhang, Z..M, B.K. Tsai and G. Machin.
PHY-605 Statistical Mechanics 3 ( 3 – 0)

Laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic variables, reversible adiabatic changes. Entropy,

Microstates and macrostates, ensembles and ensemble averaging, approach to equilibrium.
Classical probability, Statistical probability, binomial and Gaussian probability distributions,
central limit theorem. Microcanonical systems, quantum state, entropy and equilibrium in a
microcanonical system, Canonical ensemble, partition function, entropy in canonical system,
30
Boltzmann distribution, thermodynamical averages, applications to single particle,
factorization of partition function.Equipartition theorem, free energy and its minimization,
Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy and applications. Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds,
classical probability of a state, Maxwell-Boltzmann probability distribution, density of states
in k-space, distribution of speeds in a classical gas. Black body radiation, Rayleigh-Jeans
theory, Planck distribution, free energy of a photon gas, Stefan-Boltzmann formula, phonons.
Systems with variable number of particles, chemical potential, grand canonical ensemble,
relation to thermodynamic variables. Identical particles, fermions and bosons, partition
function for identical particles, semi-classical approximations, identical particles localized on
a lattice, thermodynamic properties of a Fermi gas, Bose condensation

Recommended Books:

1. Gould H and J Tobochnik.2010, Thermal and Statistical Physics, Princeton

University Press.
2. Huang K.2001, Introductory Statistical Physics, 1st Ed. CRC
3. Bowley R and M. Sanchez. 2000, Introductory Statistical Mechanics, 2 nd Ed.
Clarenden Press, Oxford,
4. Kittel C and H. Kroemer, 1980, Thermal Physics, second edition, W. H.
Freeman.
PHY-607 Solid State Physics-I 3 (3 – 0)

Crystal structure in 2D and 3D, fundamental types of lattices, index system for crystal planes,
simple crystal structures, X-ray diffraction, Braggs law, Ewald Construction, reciprocal
lattice, Diffraction of waves by crystals, scattered wave amplitude, Brillouin zones, crystal
binding and elastic constants, Classification of Solids, ionic crystals, covalent crystals, Ionic
Radii, II-VI and III-V compounds, Molecular crystals, metals, Cohesive energy, The Lenard
Jones Potential, Density, Cohesive energy and Bulk Modulus of crystalline solids, The
Madelung constant, Cohesion in Covalent crystals, elastic waves in cubic crystals. Brief
Introduction to Defects in Solids, Color Center, Vibration of crystals with monatomic basis,
two atoms per primitive basis, quantization of elastic waves, normal vibration modes and
phonon, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons, Phonon heat capacity, lattice
heat capacity, Einstein and Debye models.

Recommended Books:

1. M. Ali Omer, 2009 “Elementary Solid State Physics”, 6th Edition. D. Kindersley
Pvt.Ltd.
2. H. Ibach, H. Luth, 2009 “ Solid State Physics:An introduction to the principles of
material science” 4th Edition by Springer.
3. C. Kittle, 2004 “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, 8th Edition by John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
PHY-609 Particle Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

Particle Classification, Quantum numbers, leptons, hadrons, baryons, mesons, quarks. The
fundamental interactions the electromagnetic coupling, the strong coupling, the weak

31
coupling. Symmetry Transformation and Conservation Laws: Translation in space, rotation in
space, the group SU (2) , systems of identical particles, parity, isospin charge conjugation,
time reversal, G parity, CPT theorem. The Electromagnetic Filed: Gauge invariance and
Maxwell’s equations, polarization ad photon spin, angular momentum, parity and C parity of
the photon. The Klein-Gordan Equation: Non relativistic quantum mechanics, Lorentz
covariance and 4 vector notation, the Klein Gordon equation, the Feynman-Stuckelberg
interpretation of E < O solutions, non relativistic perturbation theory (brief review), rules for
scattering amplitudes in the Feynman-Stukelberg approach. The Dirac Equation: Covariant
form of the Dirac Equation, Dirac γ-matrices, conserved current and the adjoint equation, free
particle spinors, anti particles, normalization of spinors and the completeness relations,
bilinear covariant, zero mass fermion, the two-component neutrino.

Books Recommended:

1. Burcham, E.E. and Jobes, M., J. (1995) “Nuclear and Particle Physics”, Longman.
2. Das, A. and Ferbel, T. , (1994) “Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics”, Johan
Wiley and Sons.
3. Williams”, W.S.C. (1993) “Nuclear and Particle Physics, Oxford University Press.
4. Gottfired, K. and Weisskopt, F. (1986) “Concepts of Particle Physics”, vol. 1, Oxford
University Press.
5. Griffiths, D. (1987). “Introduction of elementary Particles”, , John Wiley and Sons.
PHY-611 Advanced Electronics* 3 (3 – 0)

Number Systems and codes, Logic Gates and Boolean algebra, Combinational logic, Sum of
products form, Karnaugh maps method, Digital arithmetic operations and circuits,
multiplexer and demultiplexers,decoders encoders, Sequential logic, Flip Flops, Synchronous
Logic, basic binary ripple counter, modulus counters, BCD counter,
synchronous/asynchronous counter, counter, parallel counters, up-down counter application
as digital time (clock) shift registers, semiconductor, memory elements (simple concept),
Digital Computer,Concept of computer system (CPU, input & output devices, computer
networking, software system and simulation software) and micro-processor, Communication
systems, Modulation and Demodulation, Classification of signals, Analysis and transmission
of signals, Amplitude modulation, Angle/Phase and Frequency modulations, Pulse code
modulation.

Recommended Books:

1. Floyd, T. L. 2010. Digital Fundamentals 10TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,

Englewood Cliffs (USA).
2. Tocci, R. J. 2010. Digital Systems: Principles and Applications 11 TH Ed. Prentice-Hall
Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
3. Lathi, B. P. 2009. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems 4 TH Ed.
Oxford University Press.
4. Mano, M. M. 2002. Digital Design 4TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood
Cliffs (USA).

32
PHY-613 Environmental Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

The economic system, living in green house, enjoying the sun, Transport of matter, Energy
and momentum, the social and political context. Black body radiation, The emission
spectrum of sun, The transition electric dipole moment, The Einstein Coefficients, Lambert –
Beer’s law, The spectroscopy of bio-molecules, Solar UV and life, The ozone filter. The
energy Balance, (Zero-dimensional Greenhouse Model), elements of weather and climate,
climate variations and modeling. Diffusion, flow in rivers, ground water. Flow equations of
fluid Dynamics, Turbulence, Turbulence Diffusion, Gaussian plumes in air, Turbulent jets
and planes the concept of sound, sound pressure level, frequency & propagation, sound level,
measuring transient noise, the acoustic environment, Hazardous effects of noise, noise
control., Radioactive decay law, sources of radiation, Interaction of Radiation with matter,
Measuring Radiation, Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Sources of Radioactive waste, Health Hazards,
Radioactive waste management.
Recommended Books:
1. Booker E and R V G Belle. 1999, Environmental Physics. 2nd ed. John Wiley and
sons. 1999.
2. Grasseur G P. 1999, Atmospheric Chemistry & Global Change. 1 st Ed. Publisher:
Oxford).
3. John M.Wallace. 1997, Atmospheric Science. 1st Ed. Publisher: Academic Press.
4. Physics of Environmental and Climate, Guyot Praxis Publication, 1998.
PHY-615 Health and Medical Physics-I* 3 (3 – 0)

Interactions of lionizing Radiation with Matter: Introduction; Beta-rays, range-energy

relationship, mechanism of energy loss, Ionization and excitation, Bremsstrahlung, Alpha,
rays, Rang-energy relation – ship, Energy transfer, Gamma-rays, exponential absorption,
interaction mechanism, Pair production. Compton scattering, photoelectric absorption,
photodisintegration, Combined effect, Neutrons, Production classification, interaction,
Scattering, Absorption. Radiotherapy: Introduction, The development of radiotherapy, Radio
therapeutic aims, External beam therapy, Brach therapy, unsealed source therapy,
Requirements for accuracy and precision, Quality assurance, The role of medical physics.
Medical Imaging: Diagnostic X-rays, Production of X-rays, Absorption of x-ray to other
planes, Partial volume effect, Artifacts, Contrast agent in conventional radiography and CT,
Diagnostic Ultrasound, Doppler effect, radionuclide imagine, positron emission tomography
(PET), Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), Contrast agents for MRI.
Recommended Books:
1. Forty R. 2010,ICFA, Instrumentation School.
2. RIEGLER W. 2008,CERN, Academic Training Course.
3. Joran C. 2003, CERN, summer student lecturers.
4. Cember H. 1996, Introduction to Health Physics. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, New York.
5. Williams J R and D I Thwaits, 1993, Radiotherapy Physics. Oxford University Press,
New York.
6. Armstrong P and L Martin. Diagnostic Imaging 4th Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.
7. Bushong S C. 1993, Radiologic Science of Technologists. 5th Ed. Mosby.
8. Greening J R. 1985, Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry. 2 nd Ed. Adam Hilger
Ltd., Bristol
33
PHY-617 Climatology and Meteorology-I* 3 (3 – 0)

Synoptic Meteorology: Composition & structure of atmosphere, ICAO standard atmosphere,

weather elements, Air mass classification, Thermodynamic characteristics, General
Circulation.Atmospheric thermodynamics, First law of thermodynamics and enthalpy;
adiabatic processes and potential temperature. The second law of thermodynamics; entropy’
thermodynamics of water vapour and moist air’ thermodynamic properties of the water
substance’ phase transition of water’ water vapour and most air’ Clausious- Clapaeyron’s
equation; Aerological diagram’ selection of coordinates’ choice of diagrm; analysis of
tephigram. Methods of surface observations & codes: Reading of routine observation,
barometric corrections & reduction, reading, setting * maintenance of thermometers, surface
codes, aeronautical codes (Speci & Metar). Dynamic Meteorology: Circulation & vorticity,
stokes theorem, vorticity equation, Rossby waves. Meteorological Instruments:
Meterorological instruments used in thermometry, barometry, hygrometery, rainfall &
snowfall measurement, wind measurement, cloud measurement, evaporation measurement,
visibility measurement, sunshine measurement. Introduction to weather radar system,
introduction to radiosonde equipment.
Recommended Books:
1. Vonstorch H. 2001, Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. 1st Ed. Publisher:
Cambridge.
2. Brasseur G P, 1999, Atmospheric Chemistry & Global Change (Publisher: Oxford),
1st Edition.
3. Morgan M, 1991, Meteorology 3rd Ed. (Publisher: MacMillion),
4. Hougton, 1985, Hand Book of applied Meterology, 1st Ed. Publisher: Wiley
5. Hidore O. 1984, Climatology 1st ed. (Publisher: Merrill).
6. Haltiner and Martin. 1957, Dynamical & Physical Meteorlogy 1st Ed. (Publisher:
McGraw Hill).
7. Carlson. 1981, Tropical Meterology, 1st Ed. Publisher: The Pennsylvania State
University.
PHY-619 Computational Materials Physics* 3 (3 – 0)

Classification of Bravais lattices and crystal structures, reciprocal lattice and reciprocal space,
total energy, relationship between structural and thermodynamic properties, the electronic
structure of solids, band structure, electronic states in materials and physical properties which
can be derived from them. The elementary quantum many-body problem, Schrödinger
equation, ground state energy, wave function methods, Hartree method, Hartree-Fock
method, exchange and correlation effects, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Thomas-Fermi
approximation, Hohenberg-Kohn theorems, Kohn-Sham equation, exchange-correlation
functionals, local density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, self-interaction
correction, hybrid functionals. Bloch’s theorem, the tight binding method, pseudopotentials
method, augmented plane wave method, linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals
method. Survey of the available DFT codes, computer implementation of DFT codes,
carrying out large scale computations using preexisting electronic structure codes in Linux
environment.
Recommended Books:
1. Sholl, D. S. and Steckel, J. A. 2009. Density Functional Theory: A Practical
34
 Introduction. 1st
Edition, JohnWiley & Sons, USA.
2. Tilley, R. J. D. 2013. Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials. 2 nd Edition,
John
Wiley & Sons, USA.
3. Martin, R. M. 2008. Electronic Structure – Basic Theory and Practical Methods.
Vol. 1. 1st
Edition, Cambridge University press, UK.
4. Ashkroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D. 2011. Solid State Physics. Reprint, Cengage
Learning, USA. 5. Kittle, C. 2004. Introduction to Solid State Physics. 8 th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, USA.
6. Hergert, W., Ernst, A. and Däne, M. (ed). 2004. Computational Materials Science:
From Basic
Principles to Material Properties. Springer, USA.

PHY-621 Electronics Lab Course 3 (0 – 3)

1. Design and measure the equivalent resistance and capacitance of parallel series
resistive and capacitive circuits respectively.
2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor filter.
3. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output with a π filter.
4. Design a regulated power supply using Zener diode and study its regulation.
5. Design clipper and clamping circuits and study the output wave shapes.
6. Design circuits for logic gates (NOT, OR, NOR, AND, NAND, XOR) using discrete
components.
7. Design a CE amplifier and study its frequency response. Determine its low- and
upper-limit frequencies and also the bandwidth.
8. Design a common source FET amplifier and determine its input and output
impedance.
9. Design an RC phase-shift oscillator and determine its frequency by Lissajous figures.
10. Design an astable multi vibrator and determine its frequency.
11. Design a transformer-coupled class A power amplifier and determine its ac power
delivered to the load and percent efficiency.
12. Design inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using operational amplifiers using 741
IC’s.
13. Design differentiator and integrator circuits and study output wave shapes using 741
IC’s.
14. Design Half adder and full adder circuits
15. Design half subtractor and Full Subtractor circuits.

Recommended Books:

1. Floyd, T. L. 2010. Electronic Devices 9TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,

35
 Englewood Cliffs (USA).
2. Malvino, A. P. 2008. Electronic Principles. 7 TH Ed. Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co.
3. Nashelsky, L. and Robert, L. B. 2009. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 10 TH
Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
4. Grob, B. 2003. Basic Electronics 9TH Ed. McGraw-Hill.
+
ISL-611 Translation of The Holy Quran 1(1-0)
Will be provided later
8th Semester

3 (3 –
PHY-602 Plasma Physics
0)

Introduction. Occurrence of plasmas in nature. Definition of plasma. Concept of temperature.

Debye shielding. The plasma parameter. Criteria for plasma. Applications of plasma physics.
Single-particle motions in electromagnetic field. Uniform and nonuniform E and B fields.
Time-varying E and B fields. Fluid description of plasma. Wave propagation in plasma.
Derivation of dispertion relations for simple electrostatic and electromagnetic modes.
Introduction to Controlled Fusion: Basic nuclear fusion reactions, reaction rates and power
density, radiation losses from plasmas, operational conditions.
Recommended Books:
1. Bittencourt J A, 2004 Fundamentals of Plasma Physics” (second Edition) INPE.
2. Krall N A and A W Trivelpiece, 1986 Principles of Plasma Physics” by (McGraw-
Hill).
3. Glasstone S and R H.Lovberg, 1975 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions (D.Van
Nestrand).
4. CHEN F F, 1974 Introduction to Plasma Physics and control fusion, (Plenum).

3 (3 –
PHY-604 Computational Physics
0)

Introduction, Scientific programming methodology, Scientific programming languages,

Numerical solutions of ODEs, Euler Method, Numerical errors and instabilities, Euler
Improved Method, Runge Kutta 4th order Method, Adaptive integration technique, Runge
Kutta Fehlberg Method. Numerical quadrature, Riemann’s Sum, Trapezoidal Rule,
Simpson’s 1/3 Rule, Simpson’s 3/8 Rule. Random number, Random walk, introduction to
Monte Carlo techniques, Monte Carlo Integration and Cubatures. Numerical Solution of
Nonlinear Equations f(x) = 0. Numerical Solution of Linear System of equations, Gauss
Jordan Method, Jacobi Method, Gauss Seidel iterative Method. Numerical solutions of PDEs,
Finite elements method, Laplace equation, Heat Equation, Explicit and Implicit methods,
Crank-Nicholson Scheme, Wave equation. Interpolation and data fitting, Polynomial
interpolation, Newton’s Polynomial, Newton-Gregory Forwards Polynomial, Lagrange
Interpolating polynomial, Chi square fitting, Linear Fit. Computer algebra and Introduction to
MATHEMATICA, Introduction to MATLAB. Algorithm development using C++.
Simulation techniques and computer graphics, computational techniques in investigating and
visualizing fundamental physics.
Recommended Books:
36
 1. Harvey M. Deitel and Paul J. Deitel, 2012, C++ How to Program, 8/e, Early Objects
Version, Prentice Hall
2. Richard Fitzpatrick, 2011, Introduction to Computational Physics, University of
Texas.
3. Paul L. Devries and Javier E. Hasbun, 2010, A First Course in Computational
Physics, John Willey and Sons. N.Y..
4. R. H. Landau, M. J. Paez and C. C. Bordieanu , 2007, Computational Physics:
Problem solving with Computers, Ed. 2nd, Wiley VCHVerlag GmbH & Co KgaA.
5. Andi Klein and Alexander Godunov, 2006, Introductory Computational Physics,
Cambridge University Press.
6. William H. Press, Brian P. Flannery, Saul A. Teukolsky, and William T, 1998,
Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, Vetterling Cambridge University
Press.
PHY-606 Solid State Physics-II 3 (3 – 0)

Solid state problem, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, free electron approximation, density

of states, Fermi Dirac distribution, k-space, concept of Fermi energy and the Fermi surface,
free electron description of Heat capacity, electrical conductivity of metals, Hall effect,
Nearly free electron model, origin of the energy gap, , Bloch functions, motion of electrons in
electron in a periodic potential, crystal momentum, effective mass, physical interpretation of
the effective mass, Augmented Plane Wave method, Semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, intrinsic carrier concentration, mobility, impurity conductivity donor states,
acceptor states, thermal ionization of donors and acceptors, simple description pf pn-junction
and rectification, Transistors, Semiconductors heterostructure and outline of solid state lasers,
Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism, Larmor Diamagnetism, Adiabatic Diamagnetism, Pauli
Paramagnetism, Conduction electrons Diamagnetism, introduction to superconductivity.
Qualitative aspects of BCS Theory.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Ali Omer, 2009 “Elementary Solid State Physics”, 6th Edition. D. Kindersley Pvt.
Ltd.
2. H. Ibach, H. Luth, 2009 “ Solid State Physics:An introduction to the principles of
material science” 4th Edition by Springer.
3. C. Kittle, 2004 “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, 8th Edition by John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
PHY-608 Laser and Optics 3 (3 – 0)

Review of quantum mechanics, interaction of radiation with matter, Spontaneous and

stimulated emission, absorption, cavity, gain medium, population inversion, threshold
condition, Three and four level laser, pumping mechanisms, properties of a laser beam,
Modes of a rectangular cavity, Raleigh-Jeans and Planck radiation formula, mode density,
homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of atomic transitions, amplitude fluctuations
and spiking, Rate equation approach to Laser theory, stationary solution, time-dependent
solution, lasing condition, hole burning effect, Matrix formulation of Geometrical optics ,
optical resonators, Q-switching and mode locking, active and passive mode-locking, fresnal

37
number, types of laser, laser applications

Recommended Books:

1. Svelto O. 2010, Principles of Lasers. 5th Ed. Springer New York Dordrecht
Heidelberg London.
2. Hooker S and C Webb. 2010, Laser Physics Oxford University Press, Inc. New
York.
3. Abramczyk H. 2005, .Introduction to laser spectroscopy. Elsevier.
4. Silfvast W T. 2004, Laser Fundamentals. Cambridge University Press.
PHY-610 Particle Physics-II* 3 (3 – 0)

Hadrons Spectroscopy: Formation experiments, particle wave formalism and the optical
theorem, the Breit-Winger resonance formula, baryon resonances, phase space
considerations, production experiments. The Quark Model: The group SU (3), quarks,
hadrons (baryons, mesons in quark model, heave meson spectroscopy, the quarkonium
model. The Standard Model (qualitative treatment only): Unification of weak and
electromagnetic interactions Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Model. Electrodynamics of spinless
particles: An “electron” in an electromagnetic field A”, “spinless” electron – muon scattering,
the cross section in terms of the invariant amplitude M, the decay rate in terms of M,
“spinless” electron – electron scattering, electron – positron scattering: and application of
crossing, invariant variables, the origin of the propagator. Electrodynamics of Spin ½
Particles: An electron interacting with an electromagnetic field A” , Moller scattering e- e- 
e-e- the process e- µ-  e- µ- trace theorems and properties of y matrices., e- µ- scattering
and the process e- e-  µ+ µ- helicity conservation at high energies, survey of e- e+  e-
e+ , µ- µ+ , e- µ-  e- µ- in the laboratory frame; kinematics relevant to the parton model,
photons, polarization vectors, more on propagators, the electron propagator, the photon
propagator, massive vector particles, real and virtual photons, Compton scattering γ e-  γ e-
pair, annihilation e+ e-  γγ, the + ive prescription for propagators, Eeynman rules QED.
Books Recommended:
1. Burcham, E E and M J Jobes.1995, Nuclear and Particle Physics. Longman.
2. Das A. and T Ferbel. 1994, Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics. Johan Wiley
and Sons.
3. Williams W S C. 1993, Nuclear and Particle Physics. Oxford University Press
4. Gottfired K and F Weisskopt.1986, Concepts of Particle Physics. Vol. 1, Oxford
University Press.
5. Griffiths, D. (1987). Introduction of elementary Particles. John Wiley and Sons.
PHY-612 Advanced Electronics Lab Course* 3 (0 – 3)

1. Design of UJT relaxation oscillator of a variable frequency, measure frequency and

amplitude of the out put.
2. Design RF transistor oscillator, Convert into a transmitter, detect the transmitted wave
by a radio receiver (Both for AM & FM).
3. Design and study the application of operational amplifier, (current to voltage converter
instrumentation amplifier, buffer, voltage clamp, low and high pass filter, half wave
rectifier etc.).
4. Design and study the Low/High pass active filters using 741 IC.
5. Design and study the application of 555 timers IC (mono-stable, astable and bi-stable
38
 multi-vibrators).
6. Design a fixed and self bias transistor binary and triggering of binary, using IC’s
construct and study RS, JK (Master stave), T and D flip-flops.
7. Design and study of a half and full adder with different Boolean expression using
IC’s.
8. Synchronous and asynchronous BCD counters, Memory shift register with IC’s.
9. Frequency counter and optional digital clock.
10.Design and construct and analog to digital and digital to analog converters using IC’s.
11.Design and study of decoder, encoder, multiplexer and de-multiplexer circuits and
compare the input out put waveforms.
12.To construct and understand an operation of arithmetic logic unit and study of
different arithmetic logic operations.
13.To construct and study of data storage and retrieved using semiconductor memory and
understand the process of fetching an instruction and its operand with ALU.
14.Using microprocessor trainer’s study of microprocessor application working form
host personal computers.
15.Design of Digital Clock.

Recommended Books:

1. Floyd T L. 2010, Digital Fundamentals 10TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,

Englewood Cliffs (USA).
2. Lathi B P. 2009, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems 4 TH Ed.
Oxford University Press.
3. Tocci R J. 2010, Digital Systems: Principles and Applications 11 TH Ed.
Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs (USA).
4. Mano M M. 2002, Digital Design 4TH Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs (USA).

PHY-614 Environmental Physics Lab Course* 3 (0 – 3)

Students are required to study the functioning and data analysis obtained from various
machines used in Atmospheric & Environmental Physics. The students have to work in some
agencies where these facilities are available. The details of the activities performed in this lab
are as under.
1. Solid Aerosols / soils sample collections
2. Physio chemical & mechanical properties of solid aerosols / soils samples.
3. Qualitative & Quantitative analysis solid aerosols / soils samples.
4. Morphological & texture analysis of solid aerosols / soils samples.
5. Climatological data analysis with respect to global warming & global cooling
(whether trends)

Recommended Books:
1. Zhang, Z..M, B.K. Tsai and G. Machin. 2010. Experimental Methods in Physical
Science Vol. 2, Academic Press, USA.
2. David W I F, K Shankland, L.B McK usker and C Baerloche. 2006, Structure
39
 Determination from Powder Diffraction Data. Oxford University Press, New York
3. “The status of Climate Variation in Pakistan & Its Impact”, by SMRC. No. 10
SAARC Met. Research Centre, 1st Edition 2004..
4. Hanlon, J. F. 2003. A User Guide to Vacuum Technology. John Wiley and sons,
USA.
5. Grasseur G P, 1999, Atmospheric Chemistry & Global Change (Publisher: Oxford),
1st Edition.
6. Vonstorch H. 2001, Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. 1 st Ed. Publisher:
Cambridge.
7. Thompson R D. 1997, Applied Climatology. 1st Ed. Publisher: Routledge.
8. Hougton, 1985, Hand Book of applied Meterology, 1st Ed. Publisher: Wiley
PHY-616 Health and Medical Physics -II* 3 (3 – 0)

Radiation Dosimetry: History of Absorbed Dose, Stochastic and Non-stochastic quantities,

units for absorbed Dose, Absorbed Dose Calorimeters, Exposure and its measurements. The
free-air chamber, Exposure measurement with calibrated cavity chamber. The concept of
Kerma, absorbed Dose in air, Absorbed dose in other Materials, Factors converting Exposure
to Absorbed Dose to wake, High energy calibrations. The Bragg-Gray Cavity theory.
Methods of Dosimetry: Calorimeters, Ionization chambers, chemical Dosimetry, Thermo
luminescence Dosimetry (TLD), Photographic Dosimeter, Scintillation Detectors, other
Dosimetric Systems. Health Physics: Cardinal principles of radiation protection, minimize
time, Maximize distance, Maximize shielding, Time, Distance and shielding, Maximum
permissible dose, whole-body occupational exposure, whole-body non-occupational
exposure, partial body occupational exposure, X-ray and pregnancy, Basic radiation safety
criteria, effective dose-equivalent, allowable limit on intake (ALI), inhaled radioactivity,
derived air concentration, Gastrointestinal tract, Basis of radiation safety regulations
Recommended Books:
1.Forty R. 2010,ICFA, Instrumentation School.
2.RIEGLER W. 2008,CERN, Academic Training Course.
3.Joran C. 2003, CERN, summer student lecturers
4.Cember H. 1996, Introduction to Health Physics. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, New York.
5.Williams J R and D I Thwaits, 1993, Radiotherapy Physics. Oxford University Press,
New York.
6. Armstrong P and L Martin. Diagnostic Imaging 4th Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.
7. Bushong S C. 1993, Radiologic Science of Technologists. 5th Ed. Mosby.
8. Greening J R. 1985,Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry. 2 nd Ed. Adam Hilger Ltd.,
Bristol
PHY-618 Climatology and Meteorology-II* 3 (3 – 0)

Climatology: Climatic elements; principles of climate classification; world climate

classification; climates of Asia; climates of the sub-continent; the climate of Pakistan.
Climate Change: Meteorological factors affecting climate; greenhouse gases; El-Nino, La-
Nina. Tropical Meteorology: Tropical general circulation, Diurnal variations of
meteorological elements in the tropics, A survey of low-latitude weather disturbances easterly
waves’ intertropical convergence zone. Monsoons, Tropical cyclones, structure and formation
of cyclones. Aviation Meteorology: meteorological aspects of flight planning’s, aviation
hazards and their association with synoptic patterns, aircraft icing, turbulence, fog,

40
thunderstorms, dust storms, low-level vertical wind shear, jet stream formation & structure.
Recommended Books:
1. Vonstorch H. 2001, Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. 1st Ed. Publisher:
Cambridge.
2. Brasseur G P, 1999, Atmospheric Chemistry & Global Change (Publisher: Oxford),
1st Edition.
3. Morgan M, 1991, Meteorology 3rd Ed. (Publisher: MacMillion),
4. Hougton, 1985, Hand Book of applied Meterology, 1st Ed. Publisher: Wiley
5. Hidore O. 1984, Climatology 1st ed. (Publisher: Merrill).
6. Carlson. 1981, Tropical Meterology, 1st Ed. Publisher: The Pennsylvania State
University.
7. Haltiner and Martin. 1957, Dynamical & Physical Meteorlogy 1st Ed. (Publisher:
McGraw Hill).
3 (0 –
PHY-620 Computational Materials Physics Lab Course*
3)

Students are expected to systematically understand the use of an electronic structure code in
laboratory for predicting basic properties of crystalline materials: geometrical, electronic,
optical and magnetic properties. In doing so students will learn how to assess the reliability of
the predicted properties by comparing their results with data available in scientific literature.
Students are also required to compile and submit their findings in form of a lab report at the
end of semester. The details of the activities performed during this lab course are as under.
1. To visualize and manipulate crystallographic data and determine structural properties using
software for crystalline and molecular structure (VESTA or XCrySDen ).
2. To contract and visualize unit cells of solid structures using data obtained from
Crystallographic Information File (CIF).
3. To study the effect of density functional theory calculations parameters like k points,
energy cutoff etc. on the calculated physical properties.
4. To test the performance of standard exchange-correlation functionals of DFT in
determining structural properties of solids.
5. To determine the preferred crystal structure of an elemental solid using DFT calculations
and comparing results with available literature.
6. To determine the relative stability of a binary or ternary semiconductor in different crystal
structures from total energy calculations.
7. To structurally optimize a binary or ternary semiconductor material and determine its opto-
electronic properties.
8. To construct and simulate point defects in solids using the supercell approach.
9. To construct and simulate slab structure of semiconductor material for density functional
theory calculations for determining surface energies and adsorption of atoms.
10. To reproducing physical properties of a selected binary or ternary solid reported in
41
scientific literature.
Recommended Books:
1. Sholl, D. S. and Steckel, J. A. 2009. Density Functional Theory: A Practical
Introduction. 1st
Edition, JohnWiley & Sons, USA.
2. Tilley, R. J. D. 2013. Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials. 2 nd Edition,
John
Wiley & Sons, USA.
3. Martin, R. M. 2008. Electronic Structure – Basic Theory and Practical Methods.
Vol. 1. 1st
Edition, Cambridge University press, UK.
4. Ashkroft, N. W. and Mermin, N. D. 2011. Solid State Physics. Reprint, Cengage
Learning, USA. 5. Kittle, C. 2004. Introduction to Solid State Physics. 8 th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, USA.
6. Hergert, W., Ernst, A. and Däne, M. (ed). 2004. Computational Materials Science:
From Basic
Principles to Material Properties. Springer, USA.

1 (0 –
PHY-629 Seminar
1)

6 (0-
PHY-630 Thesis **
6)

3 (0 –
PHY-631 Project***
3)

Note: * One optional subject to be chosen in 7th and 8th semester.

** Thesis will be allotted in the 7 th semester. However, the credit hours for thesis will
only count towards the 8th semesters.
*** Projects may be opted in lieu of option-II of the subject already taken by the
student in 7th semester.
+ Audit Course

42