MARK SCHEME For The November 2005 Question Paper: International General Certificate of Secondary Education
MARK SCHEME For The November 2005 Question Paper: International General Certificate of Secondary Education
MARK SCHEME For The November 2005 Question Paper: International General Certificate of Secondary Education
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
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International General Certificate of Secondary Education
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MARK SCHEME for the November 2005 question paper
SOCIOLOGY
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the
requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially
instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place
at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark
scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the
Examination.
All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the
Examination.
The minimum marks in these components needed for various grades were previously
published with these mark schemes, but are now instead included in the Report on the
Examination for this session.
• CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark
schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2005 question papers for most IGCSE
and GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary
Level syllabuses.
Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – November 2005 0495 02
Section A : Family
A society where religion and custom play a key part in organising and
regulating people’s lives (2 marks). One mark for a partial but worthy attempt
at defining the term.
(b) Describe two functions that are carried out by the family in all societies.
[4]
(c) Explain how the functions performed by the family have changed as
societies have modernised. [6]
4-6 Answers at this level will show clearly in what ways the functions
performed by the family have changed with the move to modern
industrial societies. At the top of the band, candidates may include
references to the sharing or transfer of functions to the state and other
institutions.
5-8 Several relevant sociological points will be discussed and, at the top of
the band, the answer will include explicit assessment of whether
families are still as important today as in the past.
(b) Describe two reasons why polygamy is the main form of marriage in
some societies. [4]
(c) Explain why the number of first marriages has been steadily declining in
many modern industrial societies in recent years. [6]
0-3 A list-like answer covering two or three basic points may merit 2 or 3
marks.
(d) Assess the evidence that marriage is far less important than it used to
be in modern industrial societies. [8]
0-4 The evidence may be somewhat ignored at this level and answers will
be based on assertion and personal opinion. A few simple points of
some sociological relevance may be worth 3 or 4 marks.
5-8 The evidence supporting the claim that marriage is less important
refers to the rising divorce rate, the decline in first marriages, possibly
the decline in church weddings, and the trend toward serial
monogamy (although this could also be used as evidence to support
the contrary view). Evidence and arguments against the declining
importance of marriage would include the increase in remarriages, the
fact that marriage is still the dominant form of cohabitation, and the
difficulty of assessing how important marriage was in the past. Good
coverage of some relevant evidence is required to trigger this band.
To reach the top of the band, there has to be some attempt at
assessment.
Section B : Education
(b) Describe two functions performed by schools and colleges apart from
preparing young people for work? [4]
(c) Explain why skills are learned mainly through informal education in less
industrialised societies. [6]
0-3 A few simple observations about less industrialised societies that are
broadly relevant to the question would merit 2 or 3 marks.
4-6 Answers at this level will identify a range of relevant points and, at the
top of the band, these will be well explained and developed. Reasons
why informal education is the main means for acquiring skills in less
industrialised societies include: too poor to have schools; rural
communities do not need formal education; families and elders can
teach all there is to know; repressive political regimes may fear the
introduction of mass education schemes.
(d) How far, and in what ways, do schools and colleges prepare young
people for work? [8]
0-4 At this level we can expect a few commonsense points about how
schools prepare young people for work. This approach would perhaps
merit 3 or 4 marks.
A group of people who share a common culture that is different from that of
the majority of society (2 marks).
(b) Describe two ways in which home background may influence a child’s
chances of being successful at school. [4]
A range of material and cultural factors related to the home may influence a
child’s chances of being successful at school. Reward all relevant examples
(2 x 2).
(c) Explain how the peer group may influence the educational performance
of many young people. [6]
0-3 A few simple points that show some awareness of what the term peer
group means in the context of educational performance, may be worth
2 or 3 marks.
4-6 Answers at this level will provide a coherent and plausible account of
how the peer group may influence educational performance. Good
answers may consider both the negative and the positive aspects of
peer group influence, though this is not essential to achieve full marks.
(d) How far, and in what ways, can the poor educational performance of
some ethnic minorities be explained in terms of the influence of schools
and teachers? [8]
0-4 Answers at this level may identify a few ways that schools/teachers
may be an influence on poor performance, but with little development
and possibly few direct links to the case of ethnic minorities
specifically.
Social control refers to the mechanisms that society has developed to ensure
conformity (2 marks).
(b) Describe the difference between formal and informal social control. [4]
Informal social control occurs within the socialisation process and consists of
the private mechanisms (gossip, ridicule, ostracism, etc) reinforcing the
norms and values that are learned through socialisation. Formal social control
refers to the public, legal forms of controlling the population. Two marks for
correctly defining each term.
(c) Explain how social control is maintained in small scale, tribal societies.
[6]
0-3 A few general points about informal social control, with little or no
development, may be worth 2 or 3 marks.
4-6 Answers at this level will go into some detail about the different
mechanisms that may be used to achieve social control in tribal
societies, such as ritual, intermarriage, ostracism, religion, and
publicly voiced complaints.
(d) To what extent does social control serve the interests of the most
powerful groups in any society? [8]
0-4 A few general points about who benefits from social control, with little
or no sociological foundation, may be worth 2 or 3 marks. A list-like
response that suggests some relevant sociological understanding
could score up to 4 marks.
5-8 At this level, candidates may consider Marxist versus pluralist views of
social control. In the Marxist perspective, the existence of social rules
is seen to benefit the ruling class primarily. The pluralists see the
benefits more evenly distributed between the various sections of
society. An answer along these lines, if well expressed, would be
worth 7 or 8 marks.
6 Official crime statistics suggest that rates of juvenile delinquency are much
higher in inner city areas. Young working class males are responsible for a
high proportion of the recorded crime in modern industrial societies.
(b) Suggest two reasons why rates of juvenile delinquency are much higher
in inner city areas. [4]
(c) Explain why young working class males are responsible for a high
proportion of the recorded crime in modern industrial societies. [6]
0-3 A few isolated points that are broadly relevant to the question may
merit 2 or 3 marks.
4-6 Answers at this level will cover a range of relevant points and, at the
top of the band, a coherent and well-expressed response will be
offered.
0-4 A few isolated points about the limitations with official statistics in
general and/or with reference to crime specifically, would be worth 3
or 4 marks.
5-8 At this level answers will provide a solid critique of official crime
statistics. At the top of the band, there will be some attempt at
assessment and an overall conclusion will be reached in response to
the question.
7 Sociologists disagree about how much influence the mass media have in
shaping attitudes and behaviour.
(c) In what ways may the mass media influence the attitudes and behaviour
of young people? [6]
0-3 Answers at this level may mention a few factors, but with little or no
development
4-6 At this level several factors will be well explained. These may include,
for example, the influence of advertising, stereotyping, role-models,
and the contribution to youth cultures.
(d) What explanations have been offered for the ways that the mass media
influence behaviour? [8]
(b) Describe two factors that influence the content of the news apart from
the concept of newsworthiness. [4]
0-3 A few simple points, perhaps noting the potential influence of owners
or governments, may be worth 2 or 3 marks.
4-6 Answers at this level will cover a range of reasons why news coverage
may contain bias and, at the top of the band, these will be well
explained and persuasive. Reasons for bias may include, for
example, factors related to the processes of gathering and presenting
news; the political complexion of the media source; influence of
governments/owners/editors; the influence of those who use (and
perhaps) manipulate the media e.g. politicians, celebrities.
(d) How far do you agree that the mass media are able to change and shape
political attitudes? [8]
0-4 Answers at this level may be based mainly on assertion and/or a few
one-sided observations of limited sociological relevance.