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S Wireless Transmission

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16 views4 pages

S Wireless Transmission

Uploaded by

krishnaguptamdz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wireless Transmission

People need to be on-line all the time. For these mobile users, twisted pair, coax, and fiber optics are of
no use. They need to get their hits of data for their laptop, notebook, shirt pocket, palmtop, or wristwatch.
For these users, wireless communication is the answer.

Some people believe that the future holds only two kinds of communication: fiber and wireless. All fixed
(i.e., nonmobile) computers, telephones, faxes, and so on will use fiber, and all mobile ones will use
wireless.

Advantages of Wireless Communication


 Any data or information can be transmitted faster and with a high speed
 Maintenance and installation is less cost for these networks.
 The internet can be accessed from anywhere wirelessly
 It is very helpful for workers, doctors working in remote areas as they can be in
touch with medical centers.
Disadvantages of Wireless Communication
 An unauthorized person can easily capture the wireless signals which spread
through the air.
 It is very important to secure the wireless network so that the information cannot
be misused by unauthorized users

Types of Wireless Communication

The different types of wireless communication mainly include, IR wireless communication,


satellite communication, broadcast radio, Microwave radio, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc.

Satellite Communication

Satellite communication is one type of self contained wireless communication technology, it is


widely spread all over the world to allow users to stay connected almost anywhere on the earth.
When the signal (a beam of modulated microwave) is sent near the satellite then, satellite
amplifies the signal and sent it back to the antenna receiver which is located on the surface of
the earth. Satellite communication contains two main components like the space segment and
the ground segment.

Infrared Communication

Infrared wireless communication communicates information in a device or systems through

IR radiation . IR is electromagnetic energy at a wavelength that is longer than that of red light. It
is used for security control, TV remote control and short range communications.
Broadcast Radio

The first wireless communication technology is the open radio communication to seek out
widespread use, and it still serves a purpose nowadays. Handy multichannel radios permit a
user to speak over short distances, whereas citizen’s band and maritime radios offer
communication services for sailors. Ham radio enthusiasts share data and function emergency
communication aids throughout disasters with their powerful broadcasting gear, and can even
communicate digital information over the radio frequency spectrum

Microwave Communication

Microwave wireless communication is an effective type of communication, mainly this


transmission uses radio waves, and the wavelengths of radio waves are measured in
centimeters. In this communication, the data or information can be transfered using two
methods. One is satellite method and another one is terrestrial method.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a low power wireless communication, that is used by various electronic devices

like smart phones, laptops, etc.In this setup, a router works as a communication hub
wirelessly.

Mobile Communication Systems

The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by generations. Many users communicate


across a single frequency band through mobile phones. Cellular and cordless phones are two
examples of devices which make use of wireless signals.

Bluetooth Technology

The main function of the Bluetooth technology is that it permits you to connect a various
electronic devices wirelessly to a system for the transferring of data. Cell phones are connected
to hands free earphones, mouse, wireless keyboard.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum


When electrons move, they create electromagnetic waves that can propagate through space (even in a
vacuum). These waves were predicted by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1865 and first
observed by the German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1887. The number of oscillations per second of a
wave is called its frequency f and is measured in Hz (in honor of Heinrich Hertz). The distance
between two consecutive maxima (or minima) is called the wavelength, which is universally designated
by the Greek letter  (lambda).

When an antenna of the appropriate size is attached to an electrical circuit, the electromagnetic waves can
be broadcast efficiently and received by a receiver some distance away. All wireless communication is
based on this principle.

In vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, no matter what their frequency. This
speed, usually called the speed of light, c, is approximately 3 x 108 m/sec

In copper or fiber the speed slows to about 2/3 of this value and becomes slightly frequency dependent.
The speed of light is the ultimate speed limit. No object or signal can ever move faster than it.

The fundamental relation between f, , and c (in vacuum) is

f=c

Since c is a constant, if we know f, we can find , and vice versa. As a rule of thumb, when  is in meters
and f is in MHz, f = 300.

For example, 100-MHz waves are about 3 meters long, 1000-MHz waves are 0.3-meters long, and 0.1-
meter waves have a frequency of 3000 MHz.

Figure 2-11. The electromagnetic spectrum and its uses for communication.

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