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    Formation of Igneous Rocks

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    cristina.mfr.maquinto

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    Formation of Igneous Rocks

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    cristina.mfr.maquinto
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    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views19 pages

    Formation of Igneous Rocks

    Uploaded by

    cristina.mfr.maquinto

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    WEEK 4

    Formation of Igneous Rocks


    Objectives
    Compare and contrast
    At the end the formation of the
    of the 1 different types of
    lesson, you igneous rocks.
    should be
    able to:
    Formation of IGNEOUS ROCKS
    IGNEOUS ROCKS
    ✔from ignis which
    means “fire”
    ✔formed by
    volcanic activity
    (solidification and
    crystallization of magma
    and lava)

    ✔ classified further by
    their origin, texture,
    and mineral
    composition.
    Origin of Igneous Rocks
    Origin of Igneous Rocks
    Extrusive Rocks Intrusive Rocks
    aka Volcanic Rocks aka Plutonic Rocks
    ❑ formed above the ❑ formed underground
    ground when lava
    flows or explodes (plutons) from magma
    from a volcano.

    Granite
    Basalt

    Obsidian Gabbro
    Texture of Igneous Rockss
    Texture depends on the size and shape of the crystals when the rock
    forms. This is due to the cooling rate of the rocks.

    Rapid Cooling Slow Cooling


    produces fine grains and small produces coarse grains with
    crystals large crystals
    This is associated with extrusive This is associated with intrusive
    rocks. rocks.

    Andesite Diorite
    Intrusive VS Extrusive Igneous Rocks
    INTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

    Granite Diorite
    INTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

    Gabbro Pegmatite
    EXTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

    Basalt Obsidian
    EXTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

    Rhyolite Scoria
    EXTRUSIVE Igneous Rocks

    Pumice Tuff
    Types of Igneous Rocks
    based on Composition
    FELSIC Igneous Rocks
    • They have a very high
    silica content;
    more than 65% of SiO2
    • They are compose
    • Before forming into igneous rocks, its
    magma has high viscosity; more
    viscous than the intermediate magma.
    • They have light color.
    • Their density is very low.
    They are composed of quartz
    and alkali feldspar.
    • Examples of these rocks are granite and
    rhyolite.
    INTERMEDIATE Igneous Rocks
    • They have a high silica
    content; 53-65% of SiO2
    • Before forming into igneous rocks,
    its magma has intermediate
    viscosity; more viscous than the
    mafic magma.
    • Their color is gray.
    • Their density is intermediate.
    • They are composed of biotite,
    alkali feldspar and quartz.
    • Examples of these rocks are
    diorite and andesite.
    MAFIC Igneous Rocks
    • They have a low silica
    content; 45-52% of SiO2.
    • Before forming into igneous rocks,
    its magma has low viscosity; more
    viscous than ultramafic magma.
    • They have black color.
    • Their density is high.
    • They are composed of
    pyroxene, calcium-rich
    plagioclase feldspar.
    • Examples of these rocks are
    gabbro and basalt.
    ULTRAMAFIC Igneous Rocks
    • They have a very low
    silica content;
    less than 45% of SiO2.
    • Before forming into igneous rocks,
    its magma has very low viscosity.
    • Its color is ranged too black
    (peridotite) to olive green (dunite).
    • Their density is very high.
    • They are rich in pyroxene
    and olivine minerals.
    • Examples of these rocks are
    peridotite and dunite.
    THANK YOU!
    For comments/suggestions e-mail at [email protected]

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