Module 2.

How Adults Learn

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Lesson 1. The Adult Learner

Difference between Children

and Adult Learners

Let’s compare these two sets of learners.

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In summary...
There are differences between
children and adult learners.

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 Andragogy vs. Pedagogy

Adult learner
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The art and science of teaching children is known as “pedagogy” whereas the art and science
of teaching adults is known as “andragogy”.

All of the aforementioned characteristics describe the uniqueness of adult learners compared
to children. Martin Knowles spent some time studying adult learners and proposed the
concept of andragogy.

Knowles made some assumptions about adult learners and determined when they learn best.

Adults learn best when... Assumptions about adult learners

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 Adult Learning Principles

1) Adults are self-directed and intrinsically motivated

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2) Adults need to know how the information is relevant

3) Adults are practical

4)Adults view learning as transformational

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5) Adults use life experiences to facilitate learning

6) Adults need to feel involved in choosing how they learn

7) Adults are focused on achieving goals

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 Learning Modalities or Styles

Learning styles involve receiving information through visual

(seeing), auditory (hearing), or tactile/kinesthetic (physically
experiencing or emotionally sensing) means.
There are many adult learning styles and, in many cases,
learners have a combination of these styles.

Kinesthetic-auditory Auditory learners Visual-auditory

learner learner

Visual-auditory-
kinesthetic
learner
Kinesthetic learners
Are very tactile and Visual learners
need to do something Find seeing what
to integrate what they need to learn
they need to learn. beneficial.

Visual-kinesthetic learner

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Lesson 2. The Training Cycle

What is Training?
and the KSA Components

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 Instructional Design Models

Analysis

Evaluation Design

• ADDIE
Model

• Implementation Development

• Development

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• Implementation

• Evaluation. The evaluation phase consists of the formative and summative parts.
Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process. Summative
evaluation can involve tests designed as post-assessments, which take place directly
after the training, or as observations that can take place two to six months after the
learning program. Points to improve the course are noted after the evaluation. The
developers create and assemble the content assets that were created in the design.

ASSURE model 1. Analyze

Learners

6. Evaluate 2. State
and revise Objectives

ASSURE
Model
A
S 5. Require
3. Select
method,
learner’s
media or
S participation
materials

4. Utilize
U media and
materials

R
E

• A - Analyze learners

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 • S - State objectives

• S - Select methods, strategies, media and materials

• U - Utilize technology, media and materials

• R - Require learner participation

• E - Evaluate and revise

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In summary...
About the Instructional Design
Models

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 The Adult Learning Cycle and
the Experiential Learning Cycle

IP training model
IP training cycle

learning by doing

10% of what we read Read Read a book

20% of what we listen to Listen Listen to a trainer

30% of what we watch Watch Watch a figure

50% of what we watch and listen to Watch and Listen Watch a demo

70% of what we say Say Have a conversation

Practice the object

90% of what we do Do and Say of the training

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 ‫‪ %10‬مما نقرأ‬ ‫يقرأ‬ ‫قراءة كتاب‬

‫‪ %20‬مما نسمع‬ ‫يستمع‬ ‫اإلستماع الى بودكاست‬

‫‪ %30‬مما نرى‬ ‫رؤية رسم او انفوجرافيك‬

‫يشاهد‬

‫‪ %50‬مما نشاهد ونستمع‬ ‫يشاهد ويستمع‬ ‫مشاهدة فيديو‬

‫‪ %70‬مما نقوله ونشاركه‬ ‫يتكلم ويشارك لآلخرين‬ ‫خوض مناقشة‬

‫‪ %90‬مما نفعله بأيدينا‬ ‫ويطبق بنفسه‬

‫ّ‬ ‫يتكلم‬ ‫تطبيق المعرفة في‬
‫مشروع التخرج‬

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Experiencing

Applying Processing

Generalizing

Adult Learning Cycle

experiential learning cycle

• Concrete experience.

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1 Concrete
Experience

4 Active
Experimentation 2 Reflective
Observation

Abstract
3 Conceptualization

Experiential Learning Cycle

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• Experience implementation.

1 Experience Sharing
Anchor the new topic in the
experience of the learners

Experience Implementation
Apply the new learning to other
4 situations; this final step provides
a 'new' experience, and the cycle
starts again
2 Experience Reflection
Reflect on/ process that
experience; focus on aspects of
experience that relate to the new
topic

Experience Conceptualization
Generalize about what happened;
3 consider the KSAs that can be learnt from
their experience & by integrating new
information into their knowledge base

IP Training Model

• Assess and analyze the performance and needs of the target audience

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1
Assess and Analyze
Performance/Needs

2
6 Define Training Needs
Modify and Improve Training
Develop Training Objectives

5 3
Evaluate the Training Design and Develop Training
against Training Objectives Program

4
Deliver the Training Program

IP Training Cycle

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