ENGLISH 6

Since we are living in a world full of technological advancements, sometimes it can be hard to
detect whether the advertisement is credible or honest. When you buy some health and beauty
products, these can harm you especially if these are fake. Consequently, you should know the
different biases and propaganda that the advertiser used in endorsing or advertising his/her product.

A bias is a kind writing which is slanted toward one opinion. It is called bias because it does
not show both sides of an issue.

A propaganda is a kind of bias.

It provides information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or
publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

PROPAGANDA
 It is a system of persuasion used to convince audience (reader, listener, or viewer) to believe to
what the advertiser says.
 It is used to promote a one-sided argument aimed at winning people over to a certain cause or
belief.
 It is a way of rewording or structuring something, so it appeals mostly to emotions, and it distorts
facts.

TYPES OF PROPAGANDA

1. Appeal to Numbers – this propaganda uses numbers or quantitative data to show how many
people think or say that something is true and should be followed.
Example: “99.9 percent of germs can be killed if you use Bio-Germ soap.”
2. Bandwagon – this propaganda says that everyone is using or doing it so you should use that
product or do the same thing.
Example: “Everyone is voting Mr. Ramos to be the 21 st President, you should vote for him,
too.”
3. Card Stacking – this propaganda tells the facts or good deeds or actions of one side only and
skips the opponent’s good actions or characteristics.
Example: “This Khum Plate 2 will give you everything you need that no other brand of plates and
utensils could give you.”
4. Emotional Appeal (loaded words or phrases) – this propaganda uses situations that will appeal
or affect your emotion instead of using facts.
Example: Advertisements that use adorable babies in baby shampoo and bath soap
commercials.
5. Euphemisms – this propaganda uses words that are not harsh or do not sound bad.
Example: Advertisements that use the word “correctional facility” instead of jail.

6. Glittering Generalities – this propaganda uses exaggerations when giving statements that are
not supported by facts.
Example: “Take 2 capsules of Vita-COVID, this will kill the COVID-19 in the world.”
7. Name-calling (demonizing the enemy) – this propaganda attacks the person instead of the issue
at hand.
Example: “Vote my team in this coming election, our opponent team has useless members
and unfaithful candidates.”
8. Plain Folks – this propaganda uses ordinary person or persons in advertising a product.
Example: “Janitors use this 420-degree spin mop. What are you waiting for? Come and get it.”
9. Repetition – this propaganda persuades by repeating a message over and over
again.
Example: Advertisements that use songs that are easy to remember and could result to LSS
(last song syndrome) to the audiences.
10. Stereotyping (sweeping generalizations) – this propaganda gives statements or judgments that
are not based on facts about a group of people or things.
 Example: “All Filipinos are poor and have dark complexion.”

11. Testimonial – this propaganda uses a famous person or celebrity when endorsing a product.
Example: “Vicky Belo uses Cocomelon facemask, don’t be left behind!”

All these propagandas influence how or what the audience think about a certain product or
thing. Just like in evaluating whether an information is fake, you should also think twice when buying
a product. In this time of modern technology, there are a lot of people who will do anything just to
earn money. They can create products that are disguised as “the best” but, these products are
harmful, deadly, illegal, and waste of money.

Noting details is a process where you write down, jot down and remember
important facts, details, or events from a text that you read or heard, or from
someone you talked to. When you do note details in a story read or listened to, it is
very important to remember the most important details or facts from a story. For
you to successfully do it, you should pay attention to the following:
1. sequence or series of events
2. important words
3. main characters

To further understand noting details, here is an example. Read the following

paragraph once and try to answer the questions that follow.
Pepe is on his way home one day. While walking, he saw a boy crying
because his kite got stuck on the top of a chapel. Pepe thought of an idea, and he
decided to help the boy. He immediately climbed the chapel and took the kite.
How happy the boy was because of Pepe!
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Who is the character in the story? Pepe is the character in the story.
2. Why is the boy crying? Because his kite was stuck.
3. What did Pepe do to help the boy? Pepe climbed up and took the kite.

Now, it is very easy for you to recall facts and details because you have noted
each of them. Just continue doing it and you will easily recall details from every story
you will read or listen to.

After learning about noting details, look at this paragraph below.

Last July 24, 2021, 3 people died and 5 were injured because of a heavy
storm and lightning strikes in Oriental Mindoro. The disaster was due to the
typhoon that hit the province. Rescuers found it hard to save the people because of
flash floods and heavy rainfall.
Did you know that the given paragraph is an example of an authentic text? It is an authentic
text because it talks about a real situation where a disaster occurred. Lightning strikes, heavy rainfall
and flashfloods can happen anytime. These disasters may also cause great damages to both
infrastructures and peoples’ lives.
AUTHENTIC TEXTS are mostly texts that provide real-life examples used in everyday
situations. Some texts are written fictionally for some reasons. To make it easier for
you to know if the text is a fiction or nonfiction, here are the purposes or reasons why
authentic texts are written.

PURPOSES OF AUTHENTIC TEXTS

1. To entertain – some authentic texts are written to give entertainment to readers or

audiences. The author uses stories or poems or illustrations to amuse and arouse
the interest of his/her readers. Examples of these texts are entertainments books
classified as fictions.
 Stainless Longganisa by Bob Ong
 Game of Thrones by George R .R. Martin
 Harry Potter by J .K. Rowling
2. To inform or explain – there are also authentic texts that are written to give
information or explain something to you. The author uses credible facts and
 technical terms to support his/her topic. The given paragraph is an example of this
type of authentic text. Examples of these are books or articles or texts that show
you a process on “how” to do something or “what” is the meaning of something.
 COVID-19 Delta variant: Strengths and Weaknesses
 How to lose weight in just one week?
 What does “Martial Law” mean?

3. To convince or persuade – these types of texts are written to convince you to believe
something. The best examples for this type of text are billboards, commercials and
other forms of advertisements. The author can also convince his/her audience by
writing persuasive essays or persuasive speeches.
 Dandruff-free hair – Head and Shoulders shampoo
 Finger Lickin’ Good – KFC
 We Filipinos can conquer the world! – persuasive speech
4. To criticize or evaluate – in this type of authentic text, the author uses his/her
opinions to discuss a certain topic. The best example for this is an editorial text.
Editorial texts are used by an author to give his/her opinion about a topic. The
author may give or point out negative and positive things from a topic.
 Philippines, a province of China?
 Classes should be suspended this SY.2021-2022

To sum it up, always remember:

 Authentic texts are texts that contain situations that really happen in real life.
 Authentic texts have purposes such as to inform, to persuade, to entertain and to criticize.
 Authentic texts sometimes can be fictional because of the reason to
entertain.

INFORMATIONAL OR FACTUAL TEXTS

These are nonfiction writings with the intention to give information and facts to the readers about a
given topic.

TYPES OF INFORMATIONAL TEXTS

1. Description – this type of text describes or gives characteristics of a thing by giving facts.
Example: “Philippines is an archipelago because it has different islands.”

2. Discussion – this type of text discusses different ideas or opinions to make a decision.
Example: “Should the children 1-2 years old should have their own cellphone?”