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Assignment Mth401

Mth 401 assignment solutions

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17 views3 pages

Assignment Mth401

Mth 401 assignment solutions

Uploaded by

amnab9698
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment# 1 Mth 401

Due Date: Nov 08, 24


Total Marks: 20
Question# 1:
Consider the following differential equation:

(2𝑥𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + ( x 2 + 4𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

(a) Verify whether this differential equation is exact. (Show


steps)

(b) If it is exact, find the general solution of the given


differential equation.

Solution:
To solve the differential equation and check if it is exact, we’ll go
through the following steps:

(2𝑥𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + ( x 2 + 4𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

Standard form of differential equation is:


M ( x , y ) dx+ N ( x , y ) dy =0

Here
M ( x , y )=2𝑥𝑦 + 3 and N ( x , y )= x 2 + 4𝑦

Check for exactness: For a differential equation Mdx + Ndy=0 to be


exact, the following condition must hold.
∂M ∂N
=
∂ y ∂x

 Compute ∂ y
∂M

∂ M ∂ ( 2 xy+ 3 )
= =2 x
∂y ∂y

 Compute ∂ x
∂N

2
∂ N ∂(x +4 y)
= =2 x
∂x ∂x

Since ∂ y = ∂ x =2 x the differential equation is exact.


∂M ∂N

Find the general solution:


To find the general solution we need to find S and T then
solution is S+T=C
S=∫ Mdx =∫ ( 2 xy +3 ) dx
S= ∫ Mdx=∫ (2 xy )dx+ 3 ∫ dx
S= 2 y +3 x
2
x

S= x y +3 x
2

T = Integrate that portion of N w.r.t. y which is free from x


2

T = ∫ ( 4 y ) dy
T = 4 ∫ y dy
T = 4 = 2 y2
2
y

S+T=C
2

x y +3 x + 2 y =C
Where C is an arbitrary constant.
2 2

Question# 2:
For each of the differential equations in the given table:
a) Identify the type of differential equation and state the method
you would use to solve it.
b) Solve any one differential equation of your choice from the
table.

Solution:

Sr Differential Equations Type of Suggested Method


# Equation
1 Separable Separate variables
and integrate both
dy 2
=x y

sides.
dx

2 (3 x 2 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 4 y 3 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 Potentially Check for exactness.


Exact If exact, solve by
finding a potential
function. Otherwise,
consider an
integrating factor.
3 First-order Use the integrating
linear
2
factor e∫ 3 dx .
' 2
y − y =x
3 −2

4 First-order Use the integrating


linear factor e∫ 1 dx.
dy x
+ y=e

5 Bernoulli Use a substitution to


dx

Equation reduce it to a linear


dy 3
+ y= y x

equation (set v= y 1−n).


dx

6 (2𝑥 + 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 4𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 Potentially Check for exactness.


Exact If exact, solve by
finding a potential
function. Otherwise,
consider an
integrating factor.
7 First-order Use the integrating
linear
dy y 3
factor e∫ x dx .
− =x
dx x −1

8 First-order Use the integrating


linear factor e∫ 1 dx .
'
y + y=cosx

9 Bernoulli Transform to a
Equation Linear Differential
dy 2
+3 y = y cosx

Equation.
dx

Solution of a chosen equation:

Differential Equation: dx + y=e (Equation. 4)


dy x

This is a first-order linear differential equation of the form:


dy x
+ y=e
dx

 Step 1: Find the Integrating Factor


For a linear equation dx + P ( x ) y=Q(x ) the integrating factor is:
dy

( x )=e∫
In this case P ( x )=1
P ( x ) dx

μ ( x )=e∫
P ( x ) dx
μ ( x )=e x

 Step 2: Multiply the Equation by the Integrating Factor


dy x x x x
e + y e =e . e
dx
dy x x 2x
e + y e =e

This simplifies to:


dx

d 2x
(e¿¿ x . y)=e ¿
dx

 Step 3: Integrate Both Sides


d
∫ dx ( e x . y ) dx=∫ e 2 x dx
2x
x e
e y= +C

 Step 4: Solve for y


2

Divide both sides by e x to isolate y:


2x
e C
y= x
+ x
2e e

2x
e −x
y= +C e

Where C is an arbitrary constant.


x
2e

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