ASSIGNMENT - 2

MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 1 Mark each)

1. Can the speed of a body change, if its velocity is constant ? Give reason.
2. Is it possible for a body to be accelerated without speeding up or slowing down? If it is
so, give an example.
3. A ball is thrown straight up. What is its velocity and acceleration at the top ?
4. Two straight lines drawn on the same position-time graph makes angles 30 0 and 60 0
with the time axis respectively. Which line represents greater velocity? What is the ratio
of the velocity of line A to the velocity of line B ?
5. A uniformly moving cricket ball is turned back by hitting it with a bat for a very short time
interval. Show the variation of its acceleration with time. ( Take acceleration in the
backward direction as positive).
6. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have acceleration given by a = g – bv,
where g = gravitational acceleration and b is constant. After a long time of release, it is
observed to fall with constant speed. What must be the value of constant speed?
7. Under what condition will the distance and displacement of a moving object will have
the same magnitude?
8. Give an example of uniformly accelerated linear motion.
9. Can a particle have acceleration at an instant if its velocity is zero at that instant ? Give
example.
10. A particle is moving in a straight line. Is it possible for it to maintain the motion in the
same direction while the acceleration is in the reverse direction? Give an example.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks each)

1. Show that the rest and motion are both relative terms.
2. An object is covering distance in direct proportion to t3, where t is the time elapsed.
What conclusion do you draw about the acceleration?
3. A stone is just dropped from the top of a cliff of height h. After what time does it reach
the ground? What is the velocity of stone at the time of striking the ground ?
4. A ball A is just dropped from a height h. Simultaneously, another ball B is thrown
vertically upwards from ground with a speed ( gh )1/2 . After what time will they meet
and at what height ?
5. The distance x travelled by a body in a straight line is proportional to square of time.
What conclusion would you draw about the motion ?
6. The body travels a distance s1 with velocity υ1 and s2 with velocity υ2 in same direction.
Calculate the average velocity of body.
7. The distance travelled by a particle in time t is given by s = (5m/s2) t2. Find (a) the
average speed of the particle during the time 0 to 5s and (b) the instantaneous speed at
 t = 5.0s.
8. The distance x of a particle moving in one dimension, under the action of a constant
force is related to time t by equation t = √x +3, where x is in metres and t in seconds.
Find the displacement of the particle when its velocity is zero.
9. A particle experiences constant acceleration for 20 seconds after starting from rest. If it
travels a distance S1 in the first 10 seconds and distance S2 in the next 10 seconds, find
the relation between S1 and S2.
10. The acceleration ‘a’ in ms-2 of a particle is given by a = 3t2 + 2t +2, where t is time. If
the particle starts out with a velocity υ = 2ms-1 at t= 0, the find the velocity at the end
of 2s.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 Marks each)

1. The relation between time t and distance x is t = α x2 + β x, where α and β are constant.
Show that retardation is 2αυ3, where υ is the instantaneous velocity.
2. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 14ms-1 at a height of 98m above the ground, when
a packet is dropped from the balloon. After how much time and with what velocity
does it reach the ground?

3. A police inspector in a jeep is chasing a pickpocket on a straight road. The jeep is

going at its maximum speed v (assumed uniform). The pickpocket rides on the
motorcycle of a waiting friend when the jeep is at a distance d away, and the
motorcycle starts with a constant acceleration a. Show that the pickpocket will be
caught if v ≥ ( 2ad )1/2 .

4. A body starting from rest accelerates uniformly along a straight line at the rate of
10ms-2 for 5 s. It moves for 2 s with uniform velocity of 50 ms-1 . Then it retards
uniformly and comes to rest in 3 s. Draw velocity-time graph of the body and find
the total distance travelled by the body.
5. Draw the following graphs representing motion of an object under free fall. Neglect
air resistance.
(a) Variation of position with respect to time.
(b) Variation of velocity with respect to time.
(c) Variation of acceleration with respect to time.
6. A body travels half of its path in the last second of its fall from rest. Calculate the time
of its fall.
7. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate α for some time, after which it decelerates
at a constant rate β to come to rest. If t is the total time elapsed, then calculate
(a) the maximum velocity attained by the car, and (b) the total distance travelled by the
car.
8. Two cars are moving in the same direction with the same speed of 30km/h. They are
 separated by a distance of 5km. What is the speed of a car moving in the opposite
direction if it meets these two cars at an interval of 4 minutes?

9. If x,y and z are distances moved by a particle moving with a constant acceleration
during lth , mth and nth second of its motion respectively, show that
x( m-n) + y( n-l) + z ( l-m) = 0

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 Marks each)

1. (a) Derive three equations of motion by calculus method.

(b) A ball falling from rest was observed to fall through 78.4 m in 2 s. Find how long
had it been falling before it was observed?
2. A point object is thrown vertically upwards at such a speed that it returns to the thrower
after 6s. With what speed was it thrown up and how high did it rise? Plot speed-time
graph for the object and use it to find the distance travelled by it in last second of its
journey. Take g = 10ms-2 .
3. (a) A particle located at x=0 at time t = 0 starts moving along positive direction with a
velocity v that varies as v = α √x . How do the displacement, velocity and
acceleration of the particle vary with time? What is the average velocity of the
particle over the first s metres of its path?
(b) A particle having a velocity v = v0 at t = 0 is decelerated at a rate │a │ = α √v where
α is a positive constant. After what time and after covering what distance will the
particle be brought to rest?
4. (a) Discuss the motion of an object under free fall. Neglect air resistance.
(b) “The distances traversed, during equal intervals of time, by a body falling from rest,
stand to one another in the same ratio as the odd numbers beginning with unity
[ namely 1:3:5:7……] “. Prove it.
(c) When brakes are applied to a moving vehicle, the distance it travels before
stopping is called stopping distance. It is an important factor for road safety and
depends on the initial velocity (v0) and the braking capacity, or deceleration, -a that
is caused by the braking. Derive an expression for stopping distance of a vehicle in
terms of v0 and a.

ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS

Read the Assertion and Reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If the Assertion and Reason both are false.
(e) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.

1. Assertion : A body can have acceleration even if its velocity is zero at a given instant
of time.
Reason :A body is momentarily at rest when it reverses its direction of motion.

2. Assertion : Two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upward with same
speed. They will pass through their point of projection in the downward direction with the
same speed.
Reason : The maximum height and downward velocity attained at the point of
projection are independent of the mass of the ball.

3. Assertion : If the displacement of the body is zero, the distance covered by it may not
be zero.
Reason :Displacement is a vector quantity and distance is a scalar quantity.

4. Assertion : The average velocity of the object over an interval of time is either smaller
than or equal to the average speed of the object over the same interval.
Reason :Velocity is a vector quantity and speed is a scalar quantity.

5. Assertion : An object can have constant speed but variable velocity.

Reason :Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector quantity.

6. Assertion : The speed of a body can be negative.

Reason :If the body is moving in the opposite direction of positive motion, then its
speed is negative.

7. Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion in one dimension of a body

can have negative slope.
Reason :When the speed of body decreases with time, the position-time graph of the
moving body has negative slope.

8. Assertion : A positive acceleration of a body can be associated with a ‘slowing down’

of the body.
Reason :Acceleration is a vector quantity.

9. Assertion : A negative acceleration of a body can be associated with a ‘speeding up’

of the body.
Reason :Increase in speed of a moving body is independent of its direction of motion.

10. Assertion : When a body is subjected to a uniform acceleration, it always move in a

straight line.
Reason :Straight line motion is the natural tendency of the body.

11. Assertion : Rocket in flight is not an illustration of projectile.

Reason :Rocket takes flight due to combustion of fuel and does not move under the gravity
effect alone.

12. Assertion : The average speed of a body over a given interval of time is equal to the
average velocity of the body in the same interval of time if a body moves in a
straight line in one direction.
Reason : Because in this case distance travelled by a body is equal to the displacement
of the body.

13. Assertion : Position-time graph of a stationary object is a straight line parallel to

time axis.
Reason :For a stationary object, position does not change with time.

14. Assertion : The slope of displacement-time graph of a body moving with high velocity is
steeper than the slope of displacement-time graph of a body with low velocity.
Reason :Slope of displacement-time graph = Velocity of the body.

15. Assertion : Distance-time graph of the motion of a body having uniformly accelerated
motion is a straight line inclined to the time axis.
Reason : Distance travelled by a body having uniformly accelerated motion is
directly proportional to the square of the time taken.

16. Assertion : A body having non-zero acceleration can have a constant velocity.
Reason : Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

17. Assertion : A body, whatever its motion is always at rest in a frame of reference
which is fixed to the body itself.
Reason : The relative velocity of a body with respect to itself is zero.

18. Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not
zero.
Reason :The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position.

19. Assertion : The equation of motion can be applied only if acceleration is along the
direction of velocity and is constant.
Reason :If the acceleration of a body is constant then its motion is known as uniform
motion.
20. Assertion : A bus moving due north takes a turn and starts moving towards east with
same speed. There will be no change in the velocity of bus.
Reason : Velocity is a vector-quantity.

Answer of Assertion & Reason Qs

1a 2a 3a 4a 5a
6d 7c 8b 9b 10 e
11 a 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 e
16 e 17 a 18 c 19 d 20 e