Science – Grade 6

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 2– Module
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment
of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Carlito A. Aguirre, Joan G.Oracoy, Katherine L. Enecilla,

Dalisay M. Iyoy, Sarah O. Pascua, Norvin R. Depra,
Gerlie C. Laureano, Hazel R. Ninon
Lourdes C Tejada,

Editor: Sarah O. Pascua, Carlito A. Aguirre

Reviewers: Dr. Minerva C. Bilaos

Illustrator: Carlito A. Aguirre, Joan G.Oracoy, Katherine L. Enecilla,

Dalisay M. Iyoy,

Layout Artist: Carlito A. Aguirre, Sarah O. Pascua, Joan G.Oracoy

Management Team: Jennifer L. Tubello, Elaine Margarett U. Baguio, Ana

Montanez

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Las Piñas City

Department of Education – Schools Division of Las Piñas City
Office Address: Gabaldon Bldg. Brgy. Elias Aldana,
Padre Diego Cera Avenue, Las Piñas City
Telefax: (02) 8-835-9030 (02) 8-822-3840
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Science 6
Quarter 2 – Module 1 – 4

Human Body: Explain how the

organs of each organ system
work together

Notes to the Teacher

Remind the students that some solid, or liquid could be
mixed interchangeably and could still see their appearances
change. Some liquids could also be mixed, and the appearance
may vary depending on the state, or color, or density of the
material e.g. soy sauce and vinegar, alcohol and water, or oil and
water.
Some precautionary measure should be observed when using or
storing solid or liquids, it should be properly labeled or properly
kept.

tttt
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module introduces the human body and how it works. Every lesson has
different sets of exercises in distinguishing each part of the human body. Pupils will enjoy
describing the parts and functions as they learn through this module.
A short introduction is presented before the Pre-assessment test. Brief
explanations are also provided for better understanding. Activities and exercises of
different levels of difficulty are prepared for every topic.
This module contains: (1) What I Need to Know (Introduction); (2) What I Know
(Pre-assessment); (3) What’s In (Review); (4) What Is It (Discussion); (5) What’s More
(Enrichment Activity); (6) What I Have Learned (Generalization); (7) What I Can Do
(Application); (8) Post Assessment and (9) Additional Activities.

Pupils will surely enjoy using this module because this is intended to learn how the
human body works and coordinates with other system in the body. We hope that pupils
will profit more from different activities and exercises of this module as assisted by their
teachers.

For the learner:

This module has been prepared especially for you Grade 6 learners and was
based on Grade 6 Science curriculum. You will surely like this learning resource materials
because of the interesting lessons about classifying and distinguishing animals. There
are lots of activities through which you will classify and determine the distinguishing
characteristics of animals. The authors, reviewers, editors, illustrators, and lay out artists
make sure that the activities are developmentally suited for you.
We hope that every lesson in this module will not only enrich your knowledge but
also appreciate the value and help of animals in our daily living.
Enjoy the activities as you accomplish the module.
 What I Need to Know

Humans are considered as the most complex living things because we are
composed of different organ system. A person must understand how the human body
works. Each parts of the body system does a special job and they all coordinate to make
the body function.

The human body is like a machine that is most wonderfully built. It is made up of
many parts.Each part does a special job but they all work together to make the body
function smoothly.

The human body can also eplace certain worn-out parts .Each day ,several cell in
the body die and are replaced by cell division.The body can also repair itself after most
small injuries.Thus ,The body is always rebuilding itself.

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
explain how the organs of each organ system work together. This lesson provides
explanation and exercises that will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant
information about the topic.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify and describe the functions of the organs of Musculo-Skeletal System.
2. Identify and describe the functions of the organs of Digestive System.
3. Identify and describe the functions of the organs of Respiratory System.
4. Identify and describe the functions of the organs of Integumentary System
 Lesson
Human Body Systems
1
ACTIVITY 1: Observing Movements of Joints. Try to move the different parts of the
body by moving it back and forth, side to side, rotating, and swinging.

Body Parts Movement

1. Neck ______________
2. Lower arm ______________
3. Upper arm ______________
4. Wrist ______________
5. Shoulder _______________

ACTIVITY 2: Identifying and describing different organ of the body system. Read the
description and function in the following and complete the blanks with the specific
organ being described.

_________1. The pumping organ of the body that made up of cardiac muscle.
_________2. The largest organ that covers and protect the whole body.
_________3. It serves as framework of the body.
_________4. Main organ of the nervous system that interpret and process messages
from sensory
organ.
_________5. The chief organ of the respiratory system where the exchange of gases
occurs.

What’s In

Humans are considered as the most complex living things because we are
composed of different organ system. A person must understand how the human body
works. Each parts of the body system does a special job and they all coordinate to make
the body function.

Body System Functions

A. Musculo-Skeletal System - It serve as framework and give shape to the body.

B. Digestive System – Change food into simplest form to absorbed by the cell.
C. Respiratory System – Organ system responsible for the exchange of
gases with the environment by organism.
D. Integumentary System – is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical
barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it
serves to protect and maintain. The integumentary system includes the epidermis,
dermis, hypodermis
The Digestive System
 The Musculoskeletal System

What’s New

Directions:

Put a check under YES column if the statement agrees with the function of each
organ of the Digestive System and check under the No column if not.

ORGANS FUNCTIONS YES NO

Esophagus It is the passageway for the air

Large Intestine It stores the undigested food.
small Intestine It is where the food enters
Rectum It is where the final digestion of
food takes place
Mouth It is where the food is chewed
into smaller pieces.
 What is It

Read the statement carefully and select the letter of the correct answer:

1. Which system carries oxygen in the body?

A. Circulatory system
B. Nervous system
C. Muscular system
D. Digestive system

2. Which can be control by cerebellum?

A. Reading books
B. Listening to music
C. Sharing experiences
D. Playing badminton
3. The largest blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart.
A. Vein
B. Capillaries
C. Arteries
D. Venule
4. Which is NOT a function of the bone?
A. Internal support
B. Production of Vitamin D
C. Protection of internal organ
D. Storage of calcium
5. It is a kind of bone that protects the brain.
A. Humerus
B. Femur
C. Knee cap
D. Skull

What’s More

1. What are the three main layers of the skin?

A. The epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous
B. The epidermis, the dermis, and the sebaceous
C. The dermis, the sebaceous, and the sudoriferous
D. The sudoriferous, the dermis, and the epidermis

2. The top layer of the skin is called the _________________.

A. dermis
B. oil gland
C. nerve
D. epidermis
 3. The coloring in the skin; found in the epidermis.
A. Melanin
B. Oil
C. Perspiration
D. Pores

4. Which layer contains accessory structures such as sweat glands, sebaceous

glands, and hair follicles?
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. hypodermis
D. hyperdermis

5. Which layer of the skin does NOT contain blood vessels?

A. merocrine glands
B. epidermis
C. sebaceous glands
D. hypodermis

What I Have Learned

Human body system are organs system that work together such as
musculoskeletal system, integumentary, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and
nervous system.

What I Can Do

Match each item in Column B with the description in Column A. Write the letter of the
correct term in the space provided.
Column A Column B
_______1. protects the brain a. backbone
_______2. Nerve cell b. brain
_______3. Protects the spinal cord c. Nervous System
_______4. Control center of the body d. Skull or cranium
_______5. Brain, spinal cord and nerves e. neurons
 Additional Activities

Direction: Fill the blanks with the correct answer. Select the correct answer from the
given choices below.

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Bronchi

Epiglottis Contracts Expands
Diaphragm Pharynx Larynx

1. The ____________________ prevents food from entering the trachea.

2. The rib cage ____________________ when one inhales.
3. ____________________ is a gas needed by humans.
4. The two tubes that branch out at the end of the trachea are
called____________________.
5. ____________________ is a sheet of muscle below the lungs that is involved in
breathing process.
Lesson Describe the Functions of the Organs
2 Of Musculo-Skeletal System

What’s In

The Musculoskeletal System consists of the skeletal system –bones

and joints and the skeletal muscle system. These two systems work together
to provide basic functions that are essential to life including:

• Protection
• Support
• Blood cell formation
• Mineral homeostasis
• Storage: store fat and minerals
• Leverage
There are 5 basic tissues comprising the
musculoskeletal system:
• Bones
• Ligaments (attaching bone to bone)
• Cartilage (protective gel-like substance lining the joints and
intervertebral disc.)
• Skeletal muscles
• Tendons (attaching muscle to bone.

What’s New

The Skeletal System - consists of 206 bones that make up the internal
framework of the body, called the skeleton. The skeleton supports the body,
protects internal organs, serves as a point of attachment for skeletal muscles
for body movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

The Muscular System - are bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers. As these
fibers contract (shorten in length) they produce movement of or within the
body.
 What is it

ACTIVITY1. Match the parts of Musculo-Skeletal System in column A with its

description and functions in column B

1. Skull A. long bone in the upper arm.

2. Femur B. irregular shaped bone found in the head.
3. Humerus C. bones at the back or vertebral column.
4. Spine D. patella/bone between Thigh and legs.
5. Knee cap E. Long bones found in the thighs.

What’s More

Match the bone with the major function. There may be more than one function to
certain bones Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank

BONE FUNCTION

____1. cervical vertebrae a. Framework

____2. shoulder girdle b. Support and anchorage
____3. ribs c. protection of vital organs
____4. Sternum d. locomotion
____5. femur

What I Have Learned

The human skeleton gives the body much-needed support, and protect the internal
organs in the body.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 1: Describing different types of muscles. Read the description of the

following types of muscle and complete the blanks the specific types of muscles being
described.

___________1. Muscles that are called involuntary these muscles cannot be

controlled consciously.
___________2. Another involuntary muscle found on the walls of the heart.
___________3. Voluntary muscles that are consciously controlled to move
bones.
___________4. The muscle that pumps blood throughout your body.
___________5. The muscle that found in your digestive.
 Assessment

Match the part in Column A with its description and function in Column B.

Column A
_____1. Femur
_____2. Tibia/Fibula
_____3. Tarsals
_____4. Metatarsals
_____5. Vertebrae
_____6. Phalanges
_____7. Patella
_____8. Skeletal muscle
_____9. Smooth muscle
_____10. Cardiac muscle

Column B
A. the knee bone
B. two bones in the lower leg
C. ankle bones
D. long bone in the upper leg
E. known as foot bones
F. the spine or backbone
G. toe bones
H. muscles that attached to the bones
I. muscles that found only in the heart
muscles present in the walls of the digestive tract like esophagus and stomach.

Additional Activities

Illustrate how the skeletal muscle is attached to the bone.

.
Lesson

3 HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

What’s In

Your respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It also

gets rid of carbon dioxide. Organisms’ exchanges gases with the
environment in the process called respiration. Respiration
includes the intake of oxygen and its delivery to the cells of the
different parts of the body and the removal and release of carbon
dioxide. Breathing is very vital in life. Each day you breath
20,000 times. All of this breath would not be possible without the respiratory system.
Your digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the
food you eat. Biting is the first step in breaking down food. As you
chew, the salivary gland makes saliva that carried through tiny tubes
to your mouth to make your food wet and easy to swallow. Enzyme
in the saliva called amylase begins the process of chemical
digestion. Amylase breaks down the carbohydrates in food into a
form of sugar called maltose. Maltose makes bread sweat. After
chewing, your tongue moves chewed food to the back of your mouth. As you swallowed
the food, the epiglottis covers the trachea, allowing the food to enter to the esophagus.
As food enters a long tube called esophagus, muscles in the esophagus squeeze and
push the food toward the stomach by peristalsis. The cardiac sphincter opens and closes
to allow the food from the esophagus to the stomach. Stomach muscles squeeze and mix
food with gastric juices. Gastric juices contain mucus, enzymes, hydrochloric acid and
water. The protease enzymes in the gastric juices breaks down the protein in the food.
The food churns for about 2 to 3 hours. Peristalsis mixes the food and digestive juices
thoroughly and breaks them down into thick liquid called chyme. As chyme reaches at the
end of the stomach, it passes through a pyloric sphincter to the small intestine. Chyme
with undigested food move from the small intestine to the large intestine.
Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout
your body. The circulatory system works together with the digestive system in
transporting nutrients and minerals to all parts of the body. Capillaries in
the intestines absorb nutrients and deliver the nutrients to your body
cells. The parts of blood from the arteries to the digestive parts of blood
returning to the heart is called portal circulation.

The integumentary system reduces water loss, contains receptors that respond
to touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the body from damage.
Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain. The
autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and
sweat glands. It regulates activities that are automatic or voluntary.
The autonomic nervous system controls muscles in the heart and
the smooth muscles in internal organs such as intestine, bladder and uterus. The
Somatic Nervous System includes all nerves controlling the muscular system and
external sensory receptors. It regulates the activities that are under conscious control.
External sense organs (eyes, ears, nose and skin) are receptors. Muscles and glands
like the salivary and gastric glands are effectors.
 Healthful habits that promote proper functioning of all the organs systems in the
body.
1. Exercise regularly
2. Eat a well-balanced and low-fat-diet
3. Live in a clean environment
4. Avoid smoking cigarette or staying with smokers
5. Have a positive outlook in life

What’s More

Activity 1. QUICK SEARCH

Do the following:
1. Prepare a timer. Record the time it will take you to identify the words you can search
in the box.
2. Circle the words that you can find in the box.

Answer the following:

1. How many words did you find in the box? _______________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. How long did it take you to find the words?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. What organ in the nervous system is used in identifying the different words?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What I need to know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn
about Human Body.
The module is focused on:
Human Body: Explain how the different organ systems work together

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe how Musculo-skeletal and Integumentary System work together.
2. Describe how the organs of the Digestive, Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
work together.
3. Describe how the nervous and integumentary systems work together
4. Describe how the nervous system controls all the organ systems of the body
5. Discuss healthful habits that promote proper functioning of all the organs
systems in the body

Have you observed how houses are built? Houses and buildings are not just
wood, concrete, bricks and stone. Man put frames like steel or wood in buildings to
make them stronger and flexible. Framing is an early stage of building a house. The
framework in houses is similar with the skeletal system. The skeletal system provides
the structural framework for the body and protects internal organs such as heart, lungs
and brain.
Let’s found out what object or material is shown in the illustration based on its
framework.
A. Four Pics, one word: Guess the word by studying how four pictures are related
to each other. Write the word in the space below.

__ __ __ __ __ __
What I Know __

What I Know

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
 Lesson Human Body: Explain how the Organs
3 of each Organ System Work Together

The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal system –bones and

joints and the skeletal muscle system. These two systems work together to provide
basic functions that are essential to life including:
• Protection
• Support
• Blood cell formation
• Mineral homeostasis
• Storage: store fat and minerals
• Leverage
There are 5 basic tissues comprising the
musculoskeletal system:
• Bones
• Ligaments (attaching bone to bone)
• Cartilage (protective gel-like substance lining the joints and intervertebral disc.)
• Skeletal muscles
• Tendons (attaching muscle to bone)
The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages
acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss
of water or damages from outside. The integumentary
system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails.
Your respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It
also gets rid of carbon dioxide. Organisms exchanges gases with
the environment in the process called respiration. Respiration
includes the intake of oxygen and its delivery to the cells of the
different parts of the body and the removal and release of carbon
dioxide. Breathing is very vital in life. Each day you breath 20,000
times. All of this breath would not be possible without the respiratory system.
Your digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat. Biting is the
first step in breaking down food. As you chew, the salivary gland
makes saliva that carried through tiny tubes to your mouth to make
your food wet and easy to swallow. Enzyme in the saliva called
amylase begins the process of chemical digestion. Amylase
breaks down the carbohydrates in food into a form of sugar called
maltose. Maltose makes bread sweat. After chewing, your tongue
moves chewed food to the back of your mouth. As you swallowed
the food, the epiglottis covers the trachea, allowing the food to
enter to the esophagus. As food enters a long tube called esophagus, muscles in the
esophagus squeeze and push the food toward the stomach by peristalsis.
Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout
your body. The circulatory system works together with the digestive system in
transporting nutrients and minerals to all parts of the body. Capillaries in
the intestines absorb nutrients and deliver the nutrients to your body
cells. The parts of blood from the arteries to the digestive parts of
blood returning to the heart is called portal circulation.
 The integumentary system reduces water loss, contains receptors that respond
to touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the
body from damage. Receptors in skin send sensory information to
the brain. The autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral
blood flow and sweat glands. It regulates activities that are
automatic or voluntary. The autonomic nervous system controls
muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in internal organs
such as intestine, bladder and uterus. The Somatic Nervous System
includes all nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors. It
regulates the activities that are under conscious control. External sense organs (eyes,
ears, nose and skin) are receptors. Muscles and glands like the salivary and gastric
glands are effectors.

Healthful habits that promote proper functioning of all the organs systems in the
body.

1. Exercise regularly
2. Eat a well-balanced and low-fat-diet
3. Live in a clean environment
4. Avoid smoking cigarette or staying with smokers
5. Have a positive outlook in life

What’s In

Since we already knew that the musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal
system –bones and joints and the skeletal muscle system. These two systems work
together to provide basic functions that are essential to life.

What is it

• Musculoskeletal system: Consists of the skeletal system –bones and

joints and the skeletal muscle system.

• Respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It also gets rid of carbon
dioxide Organisms exchanges gases with the environment in the process called
respiration. Respiration includes the intake of oxygen and its delivery to the
cells of the different parts of the body and the removal and release of carbon
dioxide. Breathing is very vital in life
• Digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat. Biting is
the first step in breaking down food. As you chew, the salivary gland makes
saliva that carried through tiny tubes to your mouth to make your food wet and
easy to swallow.
• Circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout your
body. The circulatory system works together with the digestive system in
transporting nutrients and minerals to all parts of the body.
• Integumentary system reduces water loss, contains receptors that respond to
touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the body from
damage. Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain.
• Nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and sweat glands. It regulates
activities that are automatic or voluntary. The autonomic nervous system controls
muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in internal organs such as
intestine, bladder and uterus.
 What’s More

A. FIND ME OUT: Fill in the missing letters of fruits and vegetables to reveal
What’s
the More
magic word.
H N Y W

C B

U S

O I

O N
L

S Y S T E M

What I Have Learned

• The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal system –bones and

joints and the skeletal muscle system.
• The Integumentary system reduces water loss, contains receptors that respond
to touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the body from
damage.
• Respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It also gets rid of carbon
dioxide.
• Nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and sweat glands. It regulates
activities that are automatic or voluntary
• The circulatory system works together with the digestive system in transporting
nutrients
and minerals to all parts of the body
• Digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat.

What I Can Do

You have already known the different combination of materials. You are also
familiar with the appearance of solid and solid, solid and liquid and liquid and liquid. What
precautionary measures should you observe when using and storing different materials
at home?

Assessment

Fill –in the blanks: Choose the word of the correct answer on the box below. Write
your answer on your answer sheet

_________1. The system that carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout
your body.
_________2. It regulates activities that are automatic or voluntary.

_________3. It absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat

_________4. It takes in oxygen from the air and also gets rid of carbon dioxide

_________5. The system that comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect
the body from various kinds of damage.

Additional Activities

Answer the following briefly at home.

1. Why should bones are strong?
2. Why is it dangerous to move a person with spinal fracture?