History of Software
History of Software
The term software was not used until the late 1950s. During this time,
although different types of programming software were being created, they
were typically not commercially available. Consequently, users -- mostly
scientists and large enterprises -- often had to write their own software.
June 21, 1948. Tom Kilburn, a computer scientist, writes the world's first
piece of software for the Manchester Baby computer at the University of
Manchester in England.
Early 1950s. General Motors creates the first OS, for the IBM 701
Electronic Data Processing Machine. It is called General Motors
Operating System, or GM OS.
1958. Statistician John Tukey coins the word software in an article about
computer programming.
Late 1960s. Floppy disks are introduced and are used in the 1980s and
1990s to distribute software.
Nov. 3, 1971. AT&T releases the first edition of the Unix OS.
1977. Apple releases the Apple II and consumer software takes off.
1979. VisiCorp releases VisiCalc for the Apple II, the first spreadsheet
software for personal computers.
1989. CD-ROMs become standard and hold much more data than floppy
disks. Large software programs can be distributed quickly, easily and
relatively inexpensively.
1991. The Linux kernel, the basis for the open source Linux OS, is
released.
1997. DVDs are introduced and able to hold more data than CDs, making
it possible to put bundles of programs, such as the Microsoft Office Suite,
onto one disk.
2010 to the present. DVDs are becoming obsolete as users buy and
download software from the internet and the cloud. Vendors move to
subscription-based models and SaaS has become common.
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate
computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which
describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term
used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. It
can be thought of as the variable part of a computer, while hardware is the
invariable part.
The two main categories of software are application software and system
software. An application is software that fulfills a specific need or performs
tasks. System software is designed to run a computer's hardware and
provides a platform for applications to run on top of.
Early software was written for specific computers and sold with the hardware
it ran on. In the 1980s, software began to be sold on floppy disks, and later
on CDs and DVDs. Today, most software is purchased and directly
downloaded over the internet. Software can be found on vendor websites
or application service provider websites.
Application software
Web applications, on the other hand, only require internet access to work;
they do not rely on the hardware and system software to run. Consequently,
users can launch web applications from devices that have a web browser.
Since the components responsible for the application functionality are on the
server, users can launch the app from Windows, Mac, Linux or any other
OS.
System software
System software sits between the computer hardware and the application
software. Users do not interact directly with system software as it runs in the
background, handling the basic functions of the computer. This software
coordinates a system's hardware and software so users can run high-level
application software to perform specific actions. System software executes
when a computer system boots up and continues running as long as the
system is on.
Here are the key differences between system and application software.
Design and implementation
The software development lifecycle is a framework that project managers
use to describe the stages and tasks associated with designing software.
The first steps in the design lifecycle are planning the effort and then
analyzing the needs of the individuals who will use the software and creating
detailed requirements. After the initial requirements analysis, the design
phase aims to specify how to fulfill those user requirements.