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® WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE 18

1 H 1.008 2 He4.003
Hydrogen Helium
1s1 1s2
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
1 2.2 – –
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
37 – – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot.
0.75 13.60 Unstable Anion 24.59

2 13 14 15 16 17
3 Li 6.94 4 Be 9.01 Electronegativity: 5 B 10.81 6 C 12.01 7 N 14.01 8 O 16.00 9 F 19.00 10 Ne20.18
Pauling scale; measures ability of atom
Lithium Beryllium to attract electrons in a chemical bond Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
1s 2s 2 1
1s 2s
2 2
1s22s2p1 1s22s2p2 1s22s2p3 1s22s2p4 1s22s2p5 1s22s2p6
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Atomic Radius: Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
+
1 0.98 2 1.57 given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12m 3 2.04 4,2 2.55 –3,5,4,2 3.04 -2 3.44 -1 3.98 – –
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
152 (+1)76 111 (+2)45 80 – 77 (+4)16 74 (+3)16 74 (-2)140 71 (-1)133 – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Ionic Radius: Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot.

0.62 5.39 Unstable Anion 9.32 given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12m 0.28 8.30 1.26 11.26 Unstable Anion 14.53 1.46 13.62 3.40 17.42 Unstable Anion 21.57

Electron Affinity:
11 Na 22.99 12 Mg24.31 energy released in the formation of an 13 Al 26.98 14 Si 28.09 15 P 30.97 16 S 32.07 17 Cl 35.45 18 Ar 39.95
Sodium Magnesium anion: given in “eV” Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Atomic Number: number of protons
[Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 1st Ionization Potential: [Ne]3s2p1 [Ne]3s2p2 [Ne]3s2p3 [Ne]3s2p4 [Ne]3s2p5 [Ne]3s2p6
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.

1 0.93 2 1.31 Atomic Weight: weighted average of atomic masses of natural isotopes energy required
+ + +
to remove one electron, 3 1.61 4 1.90 –3,5,4 2.19 –2,4,6 2.58 –1,3,5,7 3.16 – –
forming a cation; given in “eV”
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius

186 (+1)102 160 (+2)72 - mass number of the most stable isotope for each radioactive element 143 (+3)54 118 (+4)40 110 (+5)17 103 (-2)184 99 (-1)181 – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot.
0.55 5.14 Unstable Anion 7.65 0.44 5.99 1.39 8.15 0.75 10.49 2.08 10.36 3.61 12.97 Unstable Anion 15.76

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
19 K 39.10 20 Ca40.08 21 Sc 44.96 22 Ti 47.87 23 V 50.94 24 Cr 52.00 25 Mn54.94 26 Fe 55.85 27 Co58.93 28 Ni 58.69 29 Cu63.55 30 Zn 65.39 31 Ga69.72 32 Ge 72.61 33 As 74.92 34 Se 78.96 35 Br 79.90
36 Kr 83.80 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
[Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s2p1 [Ar]3d104s2p2 [Ar]3d104s2p3 [Ar]3d104s2p4
[Ar]3d104s2p5 [Ar]3d104s2p6
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States
Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
+ +
1 0.82 2 1.00 3 1.36 4 1.54 5.3 1.63 6,3,2 1.66 7,6,4,2,3 1.55 2,3 1.83 2,3 1.88 2,3 1.91 2,1 1.90 2 1.65 3 1.81 4 2.01 –3,5 2.18 –2,4,6 2.55
+
–1,5 2.96 – –
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic
Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
227 (+1)151 197 (+2)100 161 (+3)75 145 (+4)61 131 (+5)54 125 (+3)62 137 (+2)67 124 (+3)55 125 (+2)65 125 (+2)69 128 (+2)73 133 (+2)74 122 (+3)62 123 (+4)53 125 (+3)58 116 (-
2)198 114 (-1)196 – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion.
Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot.

0.50 4.34 0.04 6.11 0.19 6.56 0.08 6.83 0.53 6.75 0.67 6.77 Unstable Anion 7.43 0.151 7.90 0.66 7.88 1.16 7.64 1.24 7.73 Unstable Anion 9.39 0.3 5.10 1.23 7.90 0.81 9.81 2.02 9.75 3.36 11.81 Unstable Anion 14.00 37 Rb85.47 38 Sr 87.62 39 Y 88.91 40 Zr 91.22 41 Nb92.91 42 Mo95.94 43 Tc 98 44 Ru101.1 45 Rh102.9
46 Pd 106.4 47 Ag107.9 48 Cd 112.4 49 In 114.8 50 Sn 118.7 51 Sb121.8 52 Te 127.6 53 I 126.9 54 Xe 131.3 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium
Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
[Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d10 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s2p1 [Kr]4d105s2p2 [Kr]4d105s2p3 [Kr]4d105s2p4 [Kr]4d105s2p5
[Kr]4d 5s2p6
10

Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States
Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
+ +
1 0.82 2 0.95 3 1.22 4 1.33 5,3 1.60 6,5,4,3,2 2.16 7 2.10 2,3,4,6,8 2.20 2,3,4 2.28 2,4 2.20 1 1.93 2 1.69 3 1.78 4,2 1.96 –3,5 2.05 – 2,4,6 2.10
+
– 1,5,7 2.66 – 2.60
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic
Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
248 (+1)161 215 (+2)126 178 (+3)102 159 (+4)84 143 (+5)64 136 (+6)59 135 – 133 (+3)68 135 (+3)67 138 (+2)64 145 (+1)115 149 (+2)95 163 (+3)80 141 (+4)45 145 (+3)76 143 (-
2)221 133 (-1)220 – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot. 0.49 4.18 0.11 5.70 0.31 6.22 0.43 6.63 0.90 6.76 0.75 7.09
0.55 7.28 1.05 7.36 1.14 7.46 0.56 8.34 1.30 7.58 Unstable Anion 8.99 0.30 5.79 1.11 7.34 1.07 8.64 1.97 9.01 3.06 10.45 Unstable Anion 12.13

55 Cs132.9 56 Ba137.3 57 La 138.9 72 Hf 178.5 73 Ta 180.9 74 W 183.8 75 Re 186.2 76 Os190.2 77 Ir 192.2 78 Pt 195.1 79 Au197.0 80 Hg200.6 81 Tl 204.4 82 Pb 207.2 83 Bi 209.0 84 Po 209 85 At 210 86
Rn 222 Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
[Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s1 [Xe]4f145d106s2 [Xe]4f145d106s2p1 [Xe]4f145d106s2p2 [Xe]4f145d106s2p3 [Xe]4f145d106s2p4
[Xe]4f145d106s2p5 [Xe]4f145d106s2p6
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States
Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
1 0.79 2 0.89 3 1.10 4 1.3 5 1.5 6,5,4,3,2 1.7 7,6,4,2,-1 1.9 2,3,4,6,8 2.2 2,3,4,6 2.2 2,4 2.2 3,1 2.4 2,1 1.9 3,1 1.8 4,2 1.8 3,5 1.9 4,2 2.0
+
–1,3,5,7 2.2 – –
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic
Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
265 (+1)174 217 (+2)142 187 (+3)116 156 (+4)83 143 (+5)64 137 (+6)60 137 (+7)53 134 (+4)63 136 (+4)63 139 (+4)63 144 (+3)85 150 (+2)102 170 (+1)159 175 (+2)119 155 (+3)103 118 (+4)–
– – – –
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot. 0.47 3.89 0.15 5.21 0.5 5.77 ~0 6.83 0.32 7.89 0.86 7.98
0.15 7.88 1.10 8.7 1.57 9.1 2.13 9.0 2.31 9.23 Unstable Anion 10.44 0.2 6.11 0.36 7.42 0.95 7.29 1.9 8.42 2.8 Unstable Anion 10.75
 87 Fr 223 88 Ra 226 89 Ac 227 104 Rf 261 105Db 262 106Sg 266 107Bh 264 108Hs 269 109 Mt 268 110 Ds 281 111Uuu 272 112Uub 277 113 Uut 284 114Uuq 289 115Uup 288 116 ? ? 117 ? ?
118 ? ?
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Unununium Ununbium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium
Notdiscovered Notdiscovered Notdiscovered
[Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d97s1 disc.1994 disc.1996 disc.2004 disc.1999 disc.2004 - -
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.

1 0.7 2 0.9 3 1.1 disc.1964 disc.1967 disc.1974 disc.1981 disc.1984 disc.1982 Darmstats, Germany Darmstats, Germany Darmstats, Germany Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia
-
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
– – – (+2)162 188 (+3) -
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. HALOGENS NOBLE GASES
0.46 – – 5.28 – 5.17

ALKALI ALKALINE 58 Ce 140.1 59 Pr 140.9 60 Nd144.2 61Pm 145 62Sm150.4 63 Eu 152.0 64 Gd157.3 65 Tb 158.9 66 Dy 162.5 67 Ho164.9 68 Er 167.3 69 Tm168.9 70 Yb 173.0 71 Lu 175.0 METALS EARTH Cerium
Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
METALS visit us at
quickstudy.com [Xe]4f15d16s2 [Xe]4f36s2 [Xe]4f46s2 [Xe]4f56s2 [Xe]4f66s2 [Xe]4f76s2 [Xe]4f75d16s2 [Xe]4f96s2 [Xe]4f106s2 [Xe]4f116s2 [Xe]4f126s2 [Xe]4f136s2 [Xe]4f146s2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s 14 1 2

Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.

ISBN 142320003-9 3,4 1.12 3,4 1.13 3 1.14 3 – 3,2 1.17 3,2 – 3 1.20 3,4 – 3 1.22 3 1.23 3 1.24 3,2 1.25 3,2 – 3 1.0
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
All rights reserved. No part of this publica 183 (+3)114 182 (+3)113 181 (+3)114 181 (+3)109 180 (+3)108 199 (+3)107 179 (+3)105 176 (+3)118 175 (+3)103 174 – 173 (+3)100 173 (+3)109 194
(+3)99 172 (+3)98
tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron
Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot. form, or by any means, electronic or mechan-
ical, including photocopy, recording, or any – 5.54 – 5.46 – 5.53 – 5.55 – 5.64 – 5.67 – 6.15 – 5.86 – 5.94 – 6.02 – 6.11 – 6.18 –
6.25 – 5.43
information storage and retrieval system, without
written permission from the publisher.
©2002, 2005 BarCharts, Inc.

90 Th 232.0 91 Pa 231.0 92 U 238.0 93 Np 237 94 Pu 244 95Am 243 96Cm 247 97 Bk 247 98 Cf 251 99 Es 252 100Fm 257 101Md 258 102No 259 103 Lr 262
$4.95 U.S. / $7.50 CAN
REFERENCE: CRC Handbook of Chemistry Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium and Physics • 81st edition, 2000-2001
CONTENT ADVISOR: Mark Jackson, PhD [Rn]6d27s2 [Rn]5f26d17s2 [Rn]5f36d17s2 [Rn]5f46d17s2 [Rn]5f67s2 [Rn]5f77s2 [Rn]5f76d17s2 [Rn]5f97s2 [Rn]5f107s2 [Rn]5f117s2 [Rn]5f127s2 [Rn]5f137s2 [Rn]5f147s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2
Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg. Oxidation States Electroneg.
Chemistry Professor - Florida Atlantic University
4 1.3 5,4 1.5 6,5,4,3 1.7 6,5,4,3 1.3 6,5,4,3 1.3 6,5,4,3 – 3 – 4,3 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 3,2 – 3,2 – 3 –
DESIGN / LAYOUT: John Ford, CEO -
Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
180 (+4)94 161 (+5)78 139 (+6)73 – (+5)75 151 (+4)86 131 (+3)98 – (+3)97 – (+3)96 – (+3)95 – – – – – – – – – –
Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522
Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron
Affinity 1st Ion. Pot. Electron Affinity 1 st Ion. Pot. March 2005 – 6.08 – 5.89 – 6.19 – 6.27 – 6.06 – 5.99 – 6.02 – 6.23 – 6.30 – 6.42 – 6.50 – 6.58
– 6.65 – –
M = Generic symbol for element in compound; E = Element raw material form; A = Alloy, blend or mixture; C = Compound; Bold = Most Important Use
H2 NATURAL FORM He H2 DENSITY He
gas gas .089* *.179 solid - for solid, most stable crystal form 3 (20°C and 1atm) B C N2 O2 F2 Ne
Li Be B C N2 O2 F2 Ne Li Be Solid, liquid: g/cm
H2
bcc hex liquid rhom hex gas gas gas gas 0.53 1.85 gas: g/liter (0°C and 1atm) 2.34 2.26 1 Alkali metals; compounds with M(1+) valences H Hydrogen
*1.25 *1.43 *1.70 *.90
H(1+) compounds,
Na Mg gas Al Si P S Cl2 Ar Na Mg Al Si P S Cl2 Ar
bcc hex fcc fcc cubic ortho gas gas 0.97 1.74 2.70 2.33 1.82 2.07 *3.21 *1.78 Cs Cesium Rb Rubidium K Potassium Na Sodium Li Lithium
acids: metal hydrides H(1-)
E - Rocket fuel, hydrogenation of fats
2 Alkaline earth metals; compounds with M(2+) valences E - Photoelectric cells E - Photoelectric cells C - Fertilizer, glass, lenses E - Street lights A - Nuclear reactor
E - Pacemaker Batteries
A - Lubricant additive, alloys used in
E - Petroleum desulfurization, H2O, ammonia
E - Atomic clocks, infrared lamps E - Vacuum tubes, heart research C - Matches, gunpowder, salt substitute coolant, batteries C - Salt, soda, glass
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr K Ca space
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr C - Glass & pharmaceuticals

Ba Barium Sr Strontium Ca Calcium Mg Magnesium Be Beryllium Cd Ba Hf

bcc fcc hex hex bcc bcc bcc bcc hex fcc fcc hex ortho fcc rhom hex liquid gas 0.89 1.54 2.99 4.51 6.0 7.15 7.3 7.87 8.86 8.90 8.96 7.14 5.91 5.32 5.72 4.80 3.12 *3.73 A - Sparkplugs, vacuum tubes C - Nuclear batteries in bouys E - Metallurgy A- Cable insulation, batteries E - Flashbulbs A-Airplanes, racing bikes E - X-ray tube windows 106 - 0.9% 134 - 2.4% 176 - 5.2 %
C - Fireworks, flourescent lampsV - Fireworks, phosphorescent paint C - Fertilizer, concrete, plaster of Paris C - Fireplace bricks, pigments, fillers A - Watch springs, sparkfree tools
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I2 Xe Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I 2 Xe 108 - 0.9% 135 - 6.6% 178 -177 - 27.3% 18.6%
bcc fcc hex hex bcc bcc hex hex fcc fcc fcc hex tetra tetra rhom hex ortho gas 1.53 2.64 4.47 6.52 8.57 10.2 11 12.1 12.4 12.0 10.5 8.69 7.31 7.26 6.68 6.24 4.92 *5.89 3 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes M(3+) 110 - 12.5% 136 - 7.9% 179 - 13.6%

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn La Lanthanum Y Yttrium Sc Scandium MAJOR NATURAL ISOTOPES 111 - 12.8% 137 - 11.2% 180 - 35.1%
bcc bcc hex hex bcc bcc hex hex fcc fcc fcc liquid hex fcc rhom cubic – gas 1.93 3.62 6.15 13.3 16.4 19.3 20.8 22.6 22.5 21.5 19.3 13.53 11.8 11.3

9.79 9.2 – *9.73 2 C - Color TV screens, radar, lasers E - Leak detectors, A - Space industry WITH % OF OCCURRENCE 111312 - 24.1% - 12.2% 138 - 71.7%
Fr Ra Ac Fr Ra Ac C - Camera lenses, fireproof bricks materials C - Seed germinating agents 114 - 28.7% Ta
– bcc fcc Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu – 5.0 10.0 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Isotopes have the same number of protons, La fcc hex hex hex rhom bcc hex hex hex hex hex hex fcc hex 6.77 6.77 7.01 7.26 7.52 5.24 7.90 8.23 8.55 8.80 9.07 9.32 6.90 9.84 4 Metal; compounds: M(2+...4+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+) 116 - 7.5% 138 - 0.1% 180 -
0.01%
but different numbers of neutrons.
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Hf Hafnium Zr Zirconium Ti Titanium titanate TiO4(4-) Isotopes not listed are radioactive or synthetic. 139 - 99.9% 181 - 99.99% fcc tetra ortho ortho mono hex hex hex hex hex – – – – 11.7 15.4 19.1 20.2 19.7 13.6 13.5 14.8 – – – – – – E - Nuclear submarines E - Nuclear fuel rods, catalytic converters
3
(2-) In W
metatitanate TiO

cubic = SIMPLE CUBIC, bcc = BODYhex = HEXAGONAL; ortho = ORTHOHOMBIC; rhom = RHOMBOHEDRAL; CENTERED CUBIC fcc = FACE CENTERED CUBIC; E - Controls nuclear reactors A - Percussion caps E - Heat exchanger A - Airplane motors H Mg Ti Ga Zr 113 - 4.3% Ce 182 - 26.3% tetra = TETRAGONAL mono = MONOCLINIC;
– = unknown E - Gas scavenger in vacuum tubes C - Furnace bricks A - Bone pins C- Pigments for paint/paper 115 - 95.7% 183 - 14.3%
1 - 99.98% 24 - 79.0% 46 - 8.0% 69 - 60.1% 90 - 51.5% 140 - 88.4%
5 Metal; compounds: M(2+...5+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+) 2 - 0.02% 25 - 10.0% 4748 - - 73.8%7.3% 71 - 39.9% 9192 - 11.2% - 17.2% 142 - 11.1% 184 -186 - 30.7% 28.6%
26 - 11.0% Sn
Tantalum Niobium Vanadium 49 - 5.5 % 94

H0.90 2 ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION He 0.08 -253 H2 BOILING POINT He Ta Nb V vanadate VO4(3-) He 50 - 5.4%
Ge
96 - - 17.4%2.8% 112 - 1.0% Pr Re
-269 E - Condensers Al 70 - 21.2% 116 - 14.5% 141 - 100%
4 - ~100%
A - Weights, cutting tools A - Cutting tools, pipelines E - Construction materials, tools 134.7 Li 308.8 Be Liquid ➜ Gas kJ/mole∆Hvap at boiling point 480.0B 711.0 C N5.57 2 O6.82 2 6.62 F2 Ne 1.71 1342 Li Be 2471 °C and
1atm; Liquid sp = sublimation point ↔ Gas 4000 B 3825 C sp -196 N2 O2 F2 Ne E - Vacuum tube filaments A - Super magnets, welding rods E - Springs, jet engines 27 - 100% V 7372 - - 27.7% 7.7% Nb 111817 - 24.2% - 7.7% 185 - 187 - 62.6% 37.4% -183 -188 -246

Li 50 - 0.3% 74 - 35.9% 93 - 100%

Na Mg References: CRC; The Elements, 3rd ed., J. Emsley, 1998 294.0 Al 383.0 Si 12.40 P 45.0 S 20.41 Cl2 6.43 Ar Na 883 Mg 1090 2519 Al 3265 Si 280 P S Cl2 Ar 6 Metal; compounds: M(2+...6+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+) 6- 7.5% Si 51 - 99.7% 78 - 7.4% 1120 -
19 - 32.6% 8.6% Nd 142 - 27.1% Os
89.04 128.7 445 -34 -186 W Tungsten Mo Molybdenum Cr Chromium 7 - 92.5% 28 - 92.2% Mo 122 - 4.6% 143 - 12.2% 186 - 1.6 %
tungstate WO K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br2 Kr K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr 4(2-) molybdate MoOdimolybdate Mo32O, MoO7(2-)4(2-) chromate CrO dichromate Cr24O(2-) 7(2-) 29 - 4.7% Cr As 92 - 14.8% 124 - 5.8% 144 - 23.8% 187 -
1.6 %
 77.5 150.0 305.0 429.0 458.6 348.8 219.7 351.0 382.4 371.8 304.6 115.5 254.0 334.0 31.9 95.48 29.96 9.08 759 1484 2836 3287 3407 2671 2061 2861 2927 2913 2562 907 2204 2833 603sp 685 59 -153 E - Lamp filaments, TV, welding electrodes
Mo-cyanate Mo-CN (4-)
8 E - Plating for car parts Be 30 - 3.1% 50 - 4.4% 75 - 100% 94 - 9.3% 145 - 8.3% 188 - 13.3%
A - Rocket nozzles E - Filament in electric heaters A - Tools, knives C - Camouflage paint Rb 69.2 139.0 Sr 393.0 Y Zr
581.6 696.6 Nb Mo594.1 585.0Tc 567.8Ru 495.4 Rh 393.0 Pd Ag
255.1 99.87 Cd 226.4 In 290.4 Sn Sb 67.9 114.1 Te 41.57 2I
12.57 Xe Rb 688 1382 Sr 3345 Y 4409 Zr Nb4744 Mo4639 4265Tc Ru4150 Rh3695 Pd2963 Ag 2162 Cd 767 2072 In Sn 2602 Sb 1587 Te I2 Xe C - Cutting & boring tools A - Rocket motors C - Lubricant C - Stereo, video tape, lasers 9 - 100% 5352 - 83.8%- 9.5% 9596 - 15.9% - 16.7% Sb 148 -146 - 17.2% 5.8% 189 -190 - 26.4% 16.1%
P
988 184 -108 54 - 2.4% Se 97 - 9.6% 121 - 57.4% 150 - 5.6% 192 - 41.0%

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Metal; compounds: M(1+...7+); ligand complexes: M(3-...1+) B 31 - 100% 74 - 0.9% 98 - 24.1% 123 - 42.6% 65.9 140.0 399.6 661.1 753.1 799.1 707.1 627.6 563.6 510.5 324.0 59.11 162.1 179.5 151.0 101.0 – 18.1 671 1897 3464 4603 5458 5555 5596 5012 4428 3825 2856 357

1473 1749 1564 962 – -62 Re Rhenium Tc Technetium Mn Manganese 76 - 9.4% 100 - 9.6% Ir
10 - 19.9 %
tungstate WO4(2-) synthetic permanganate MnO 4(1-) S Mn 77 - 7.6 %
11 - 80.1%
Fr – Ra 418.0 Ac
136.8 314.0 Ce 333.0Pr 284.0Nd Pm– Sm192.0 176.0Eu 312.0Gd 391.0Tb 293.0Dy 251.0 Ho 293.0 Er Tm 247.0 159.0 Yb 428.0 Lu Fr – Ra – Ac 3198 Ce3443 3520Pr Nd3074 Pm3000 Sm1794 Eu1529 Gd 3273 3230 Tb Dy 2567 Ho 2700 2868 Er Tm Yb Lu 32 - 95.0% 55 - 100% 8078 - 49.6% - 23.8% Tc Te 145 - Pm synthetic 191 -193 - 37.3% 62.7%
A - Oven filaments, electrodes, jewelry E - Radiation source for medical A - Tools, axles, steel for rail switches
1950 1196 3402 93 - synthetic 122 - 2.6 %
A - Plating, thermocouples research C - Safes, plows, batteries C 33 - 0.8% Fe 82 - 8.7 %
543.9 Th 481.0Pa 423.0U 337.0 Np 344.0Pu Am– Cm387.0 310.0 Bk 196.0Cf 133.0 Es Fm – Md – No – Lr – 4788 Th Pa– 4131 U Np– Pu3228 Am2011 Cm 3100 Bk – Cf – Es – Fm – Md No Lr 34 - 4.2% 54 - 5.9% 123 - 0.9% Sm Pt
– – – 8 Metal; compounds: M(1+...8+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+) 1213 - - 98.91.1%% 56 - 91.7% Br Ru 124 - 4.8% 144 - 3.1% 194 - 32.9%
Osmium Ruthenium Iron Cl 57 - 2.1% 79 - 50.7% 96 - 5.5% 125 - 7.1% 195 - 33.8%
Fe-cyanate Fe(CN)6(3- and 4-)
E - Eye treatment, thickness meters ferrate FeO

H0.12 2 ENTHALPY OF FUSION He – -259 H2 MELTING POINT He A Os - Fountain pen points, compass Ru for egg shells Fe A - Bikes,cars, bridges, magnets,4(2-) machines N 3735 - 75.8% - 24.2% Co 81 - 49.3% 98100 -99 - - 12.7% 12.6%1.9% 126 -130 -128 - 33.9% 18.9% 31.7% 148 -147 -149 - 11.3% 15.0% 13.8% 198 -196 - 25.3% 7.2 %

– needles, clock bearings, decorations A - Fountain pen point, electrical contacts C - Nails, tools, tin cans 1415 - - 99.63%0.37% 59 - 100% Kr 101 - 17.1% 150 - 7.4%

Ar
3.00 Li Be7.9 Solid ➜ Liquid kJ/mole∆Hfus at Melting point 50.2B 117 C N0.71 2 O0.44 2 0.51 F2 Ne 0.33 181 Li Be 1287 °C and 1atm; Solid tp = triple point ↔ Liquid 2075 B 4492 C tp -210 N O F2 Ne
2 2 Ir 9Metal; compounds: M(2+...6+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+) Rh Co 36 - 0.3% Ni 80
8283 - 11.5%
-
- 11.6%
2.3%
102 -104 - 18.6% 31.6% I 152 -154 - 22.7% 26.7% 197 - Au 100 % -
219 -220tp -249

Iridium Rhodium Cobalt O

Na 2.60 Mg8.48 10.71Al 50.21 Si 0.66 P 1.72 S Cl6.4 2 1.18 Ar Na 98 Mg 650 Al 660 1414 Si P 44 S Cl2 Ar rhenate ReO4(1-) cobaltate CoO4(4- 3-) 16 - 99.8% 40 - 99.6% 58 60 - 26.2% - 68.1% 86 84 - 57.0% - 17.3% Rh 127 - 100 % Eu 198 - Hg 10.0%
120 -102 -189 E - Cancer irradiation E - Headlight reflectors, telephone Co-cyanate Co(CN)6 (3- and 4-) A - Hypodermic needles,
helicopter spark E - Relays, fountain pen points E -Gamma radiation A- Permanent magnet 18 - 0.2% 61 - 1.1%
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr plugs, standard one-meter bar A - Airplane spark plugs A - Razor blades C - Catalytic converter K 62 - 3.6% 103 - 100% Xe 151 - 47.8% 199 - 16.9%
2.33 8.54 14.10 14.15 21.5 21.0 12.91 13.81 16.2 17.48 13.26 7.32 5.59 36.94 24.44 6.69 10.57 1.64 64 842 1541 1668 1910 1907 1246 1538 1495 1455 1085 420 30 939 817tp 221 -7 -157tp 153 - 52.2% 200 - 23.1%

Rb 2.19 7.43 Sr 11.4Y 21.0Zr Nb30.0 Mo37.48 33.29Tc 38.59Ru 26.59Rh 16.74Pd 11.30Ag Cd6.19 3.28In Sn 7.03 19.87 Sb 17.49 Te 15.52 2 I Xe 2.27 Rb 39 Sr 777 1522 Y 1855 Zr Nb2477 Mo2623 2157Tc Ru2334 Rh1964 Pd1555 Ag 962 Cd 321 157 In Sn 232 Sb 631 Te I2 Xe Pt 10 Metal; compounds: M(1+...6+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+) Pd Ni F19 - 100% 4139 - - 93.36.7%% 64 - 0.9% Rb8587 - 27.8% -
72.2% Pd 102 - 1.02% 128 -129 -130 - 26.4% 1.94.1% % Gd 202 - 201 -204 - 29.9% 13.2% 6.9 %
450 114 -112tp Platinum Palladium Nickel Cu 104 - 11.1%
E - Crucibles, nitric acid production E - Catalytic converters, hydrogen E - Coins A-Knives, forks, spoons
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn A - Dental crowns C - Anti-tumor agent seperation A - Dental crowns, tel. relays E - White gold C-Rechargeable batteries Ca 63 - 69.2% 105 - 22.3% 131 - 21.2% 154 - 2.2 % Ne 2.09 7.12 6.20 27.2 36.57 52.31 60.43 57.85 41.12 22.17 12.55 2.29 4.14 4.77 11.3 – – 2.89 28 727 918 2233 3017 3422 3186 3033 2446

1768 1064 -39 304 328 271 254 302 -71 65 - 30.8% Sr 106 - 27.3% 132 - 26.9% 155 - 14.8% Tl
11 Metal; compounds: M(1+...3+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+) 20 - 90.5%
40 - 96.9% 86 - 9.9% 108 - 26.5% 134 - 10.4%

Fr – Ra7.15 Ac 14.2 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Fr 27 Ra 700 Ac 1051 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Au Gold Ag Silver Cu Copper 21 - 0.3% 42 - 0.7% Zn 87 - 7.0% 110 - 11.7% 136 - 8.9% 157 -156 - 15.7% 20.5% 203 -205 - 29.5% 70.5%
5.46 6.89 7.14 7.7 8.62 9.21 10.0 10.15 11.06 17.0 19.9 16.84 7.66 22.0 798 931 1021 1042 1074 822 1313 1356 1412 1474 1529 1545 819 1663 E - Precious metal A - Jewelry E -
Mirror, batteries; A - Silverware E - Cable, wire A - Pennies, bells 22 - 9.3% 44 - 2.1% 64 - 48.6% 88 - 82.6% 158 - 24.8%
A - Electrical contacts, dental crowns C - Photograph film and paper A - Bronze sculpture, Statue of Liberty
13.81 Th 12.34Pa 9.14 U Np3.20 Pu2.82 Am14.39 Cm15.0 Bk– Cf– Es – Fm – Md – No – Lr – 1750 Th 1572 Pa 1135 U Np644 Pu640 Am1176 Cm 1345 Bk 1050 Cf 900 Es 860 Fm 1527 Md No Lr 66 - 27.9% Ag Cs 160 - 21.9% Pb
827 827 1627 12 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(2+) Na Sc 67 - 4.1% Y 107 - 51.8% 204 - 1.4%

Hg Mercury Hg2(2+) Cd Cadmium Zn Zinc 23 - 100% 45 - 100% 68 - 18.8% 89 - 100% 109 - 48.2% 133 - 100% Tb 206 - 24.1%
E - Barometers,thermometers, street E- Rechargeable batteries A- Nuclear E - Anti-corrosion coating, batteries 207 - 22.1%

H2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY He H2 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY He 208 - 52.4%

lights A -Dental fillings C -Seed protection reactor regulator C -Red/yellow pigments A-Water/gas valves C- White rubber pigment 159 - 100 % 14.30 5.19 0.002 0.002 Boron metalloid

13Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(1+...3+)

3.58 Li Be1.83 J/(g K) (at 25°C and 1atm) 1.03B 0.71 C N1.04 2 O0.92 2 0.82 F2 Ne 1.03 0.85 Li Be2.00 W/(cm K) (at 25°C and 1atm, W = watt) 0.27 B 1.96 C <0.001 N2 O2 F2 Ne Tl Thallium In Indium Ga Gallium Al Aluminum
B compounds: borates (BOB(2+,3+,3-) tetraborates B4O7(2-), boranes, borides 4, BO3) Dy 160 - 2.3% Bi 209 - 100 %
0.003 <0.001 <0.001
161 - 18.9%
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl2 Ar Na Mg Al Si P S Cl2 Ar E - Solar cells, mirrors E - Window frames, doorknobs, tube 162 - 25.5% Po
1.23 1.02 0.90 0.71 0.77 0.71 0.48 0.52 1.41 1.56 2.37 1.49 0.002 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 E - Thermometer filling A - Regulator in nuclear power E - Quartz thermometers
C - Insecticides, infrared detectors C - Photo cells, transistors C - Computer memory, transistors laser E - Cable, foil, fireworks, flashbulbs C - Tennis rackets, regulator in nuclear plants, heat resist 163 - 24.9% 209 -
100 %
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr
C - Heart muscle research C - Blood and lung research C - Laser diodes, used to locate tumors A - Cars, rockets, planes ant glass, eye disinfectant 164 - 28.2%
0.76 0.65 0.57 0.52 0.49 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.44 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.23 0.25 1.03 2.01 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.94 0.08 0.80 1.00 0.91 4.01 1.16 0.41 0.60
0.50 0.02 0.001 <0.001 At
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I 2 Xe Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I 2 Xe 14 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(2+,4+) C Carbon C(2+,4+,4-) carbonate CO3(2-) Ho 210 - 100 %
0.36 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 – 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.58 0.35 0.17 0.23 0.54 1.38 0.51 1.17 1.50 0.72 4.29 0.97 0.82 0.67

0.24 0.03 0.004 <0.001 Pb Lead metal Sn Tin metal Ge Germanium metalloid Si silicates SiOSilicon metalloid4(-4) silanes (Si- bicarbonate HCOoxalate C2O4(2-), carbides 3(1-), acetate C(4-) 2H3O2(1-)
hydroxy stannate Sn(OH)
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 6(-2) germanate GeO2(2-) GeO3(2-) hydrides) Si(4-) silicides silicic 165 - 100% Rn 222 - 100 %
0.24 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 – – 0.09 0.36 0.18 0.13 0.23 0.58 1.74 0.48 0.88 1.47 0.72 3.17 0.08 0.46 0.35
0.08 0.20 0.02 <0.001 acid H4SiO4 E - Pencils, diamonds, steel, controls nuclear reaction
E - Radiation protection Er
A - Batteries, roof coverings, solders A - Cups, plates, coins, organ pipes E - Infrared prisms, reflector in projectors
Fr – Ra– Ac 0.12 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Fr – Ra– Ac – Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu A - Ammunition C - Gas additives C - Opalescent glass, enamel E -
Wide angle lenses A - Dentistry C - Quartz, cement, glass, greasE - Microchips, solar cells C - Toolse, oils C - Plastics, life E - Tire colorant 164 - 1.6% Fr
0.19 0.19 0.19 – 0.20 0.18 0.24 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.39 0.16 166 - 33.6% 223 - 100 %

Th0.11 Pa– 0.12 U Np– Pu– Am– Cm– Bk– Cf– Es – Fm – Md – No – Lr – Th0.54 Pa– 0.28 U Np0.06 Pu0.07 Am– Cm– Bk– Cf – Es – Fm – Md No Lr Bi 15 Solid; compounds:
M(3+,5+,3-) Sb As P Phosphorus phosphide (3-) N Nitrogen N(3-...5+); ammonium NH cyanide CN(1-) nitrate NOnitrite NO 2(1-) nitride N(3-) oxides - NOx 43(1+) (1-) N2 gas 168 -167 - 26.8% 23.0% Ra
– – – Bismuth Antimony Arsenic
arsenide (3-) 170 - 14.9% 226 - 100 %
phosphate (PO
E - Shotgun pellets 4(-3) azide N3(1-) diimide N2(2-) amide NH2(1-)
E - Catalyst in rubber production A - Metal for mirrors phosphoric acid H3PO4 acid: nitric HNO3 nitrous HNO2 Tm Ac

ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE IN THE EARTH’S CRUST A - Fuses, sprinklers A - Solder, bearings, lead batteries C - Glass, lasers E - Fireworks, matches C - Pesticides E - Cryogenic surgery, liquid coolant, ammonia production 169 - 100% 227 - 100 %
C - Glass, ceramics C - Mascara, infrared detectors C - Light-emmiting diodes=LED C - Fertilizer, detergents, toothpaste C - Rocket fuel
Th
16 Solid; compounds: M(2+,4+,6+,2-) O Oxygen o(2-,1-) O2 gas Yb 232 - 100 %

H He Po Polonium metal Te Tellurium metalloid Se Selenium S Sulfursulfide S(2-) sulfate SO4(2-) sulfite SO3(2-) solid peroxide Oozone Ohydroxide OH(1-) 3 oxide (2-)2(2-) 170 - 3.1 %
Oxygen
1. 1400 Li Be B C N O F 0.008 Ne tellurate TeO4(2-) Selenides Se(2-) thiosulfate Sacids: sulfuric H2O32(2-)SO 4thio...(S added or subst. for an O) , sulfurous H2SO3 171 - 14.3% Pa
selenate SeO4(2) 172 - 21.9%
acids of SeOx 231 - 100 %
2. Silicon 20 2.8 mg of element per kg of crust 10 200 19 461000 585 0.005 E - Vulcanization of rubber, percussion E - Matches, fireworks, batteries, vulcanization of rubber E - Combustion, steel production E - Water purification 173 - 16.1%
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar E - Nuclear batteries, neutron source caps, battery plate protector E - Light meters, copy machines, solar cells 174 - 31.8%
 3. Aluminum 23600 23300 82300 282000 1050 350 145 3.5 E - Antistatic agents, film cleaner A - Electric resistors C - Anti-dandruff shampoo C - Permanent wave lotion C - Sand, water, cement 176 - 12.7% U
235 - 0.7 %
Iron
4.
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 17 Halogens, X2, compounds: M(1-), Halide (1-), Acid=HX F Fluorine F2 gas 238 - 99.3%
5. Calcium 20900 41500 22 5650 120 102 950 56300 25 84 60 70 19 1.5 1.8 0.05 2.4 <0.001 fluoride(1-) acid: HF Lu
At Astinate metalloid I Iodine I2 solid Br Bromine Br2 liquid Cl Chlorine Cl gas
2 hydrofluoric, oxyfluorides-
6. Sodium Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo syntheticTc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe acid: Hl, iodide(1-) acid: HBr chlorite ClO2(1-) hypochlorite ClO(1-) chloride Cl(1-) chlorate ClO3(1-) halofluorides 175 - 97.4% Elements >
90 370 33 165 20 1.2 0.001 0.001 0.015 0.075 0.15 0.25 2.3 0.2 0.001 0.45 <0.001 iodate IO3(1-) bromides Br(1-) 176 - 2.6% #92 are
7. Magnesium periodate IO 4(1-) bromate BrO3(1-) perchlorate ClO4(1-) acid: hydrochloric HCl, C - Toothpaste additives, teflon synthetic and
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn perchloric HClO radioactive
8. Potassium 3 425 39 3 2 1.3 <0.001 0.002 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.085 0.85 14 0.009 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 E - Disinfectant, halogen lamps C - Photographic film, tear gas E - Water purification 4, chloric HClO3 C - Uranium enrichment
E, A, C - Seldom found in nature C - Ink pigments, salt additive C - fire retardants, disinfectant C - Bleach, hydrochloric acid, PVC plastics, stain removers C - Refrigerator coolants
9. Titanium <0.001 Fr <0.001Ra <0.001 Ac Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
10. Hydrogen 66.5 9.2 41.5 <0.001 7.05 2.0 6.2 1.2 5.2 1.3 3.5 0.52 3.2 0.8 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 18 Noble Gases; not reactive; unstable low temperature complexes
9.6 <0.001 2.7 synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic synthetic
Helium
Rn Radon XeXenon Kr Krypton Ar Argon Ne Neon
E- Earthquake prediction, health threat in
Forms compounds
E - Flourescent bulbs, flashbulbs E - Light bulbs, gas discharge tubes E - Neon lights, fog lamps, TV tubes
He E - Balloons, blimps, lasers
with F lasers E - Lasers, voltage detectors E - Diving bell atmosphere, leak
homes built on granite E - UV lasers, wavelength standard
E - UV lamps, sun lamps, electronic E - Geiger counters, welding blanket gas detectors E - Nuclear power plant coolant
flashes, projection lamps, paint testers