Cell Signaling II: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity
Nombre _____________________________________________________________________________
1. Latent TGFb is converted to mature TGFb by
a. dephosphorylation.
b. phosphorylation.
c. proteolysis.
d. translocation.
e. none of the above
2. A loss-of-function mutation in which of the following would inhibit TGFb signaling?
a. I-Smad
b. R-Smad
c. Ski
d. SnoN
e. all of the above
3. A gain-of-function mutation in which of the following would promote malignancy in cells whose
proliferation is inhibited by TGFb?
a. co-Smad
b. I-Smad
c. R-Smad
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
4. Which of the following receptors binds TGFb?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. types I and II
e. types II and III
5. Which of the following contain(s) an SH2 domain?
a. SHP1
b. SOCS
c. STAT5
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
6. Which of the following is a protein kinase?
a. EGF receptor
b. erythropoietin receptor
c. STAT5
d. a and b
e. all of the above
7. Binding of erythropoietin to its extracellular receptor engages which of the following signaling
pathways?
a. JAK/STAT
b. Ras/MAP kinase
c. PI-3 kinase
d. all of the above
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Cell Signaling II: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity
e. none of the above
8. The EGF receptor is a(n)
a. adapter protein
b. guanine nucleotide exchange protein
c. kinase
d. protease
e. none of the above
9. Binding of hormone to a receptor tyrosine kinase causes all of the following except
a. dimerization of the receptor.
b. autophosphorylation of the receptor.
c. activation of Ras through an interaction with GRB2 and Sos.
d. hydrolysis of GTP bound to Ras.
10. Ras is a(n)
a. adapter protein.
b. guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
c. kinase.
d. protease.
e. none of the above
11. In which of the following double-mutant flies will R7 photoreceptors develop normally?
a. constitutively active Raf and inactive MAPK
b. constitutively active MAPK and inactive Ras
c. constitutively active Ras and inactive Raf
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
12. Serum response factor (SRF) is phosphorylated by
a. MEK.
b. MAP kinase.
c. p90RSK.
d. Raf.
e. Ras.
13. By what mechanism does PI-3 phosphate promote activation of protein kinase B (PKB)?
a. recruiting PKB to the plasma membrane
b. recruiting the activating kinase PDK1 to the plasma membrane
c. releasing inhibition of the catalytic site by the PH domain
d. a and b
e. all of the above
14. Which of the following are enzyme pairs that catalyze opposite reactions?
a. MEK and MAP kinase
b. NF-kB and I-kB
c. PI-3 kinase and PTEN phosphatase
d. JAK kinases and STATs
e. none of the above
15. Which of the following signaling pathways can be activated by cytokines?
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Cell Signaling II: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity
a. JAK/STAT
b. PI-3 kinase
c. Ras/MAP kinase
d. a and b
e. all of the above
1. All genes regulated by PKA contain a cis-acting DNA sequence that binds to the phosphorylated
form of a transcription factor called
a. b-catenin.
b. CREB.
c. C-Jun.
d. TCF.
2. Predict the consequences of a temperature sensitive mutation in which the phosphorylation of the
b-catenin protein is blocked. Above the permissive temperature,
a. b-catenin levels will increase and b-catenin will be constitutively active.
b. b-catenin levels will increase and b-catenin will be inactive.
c. b-catenin levels will decrease.
d. b-catenin will remain constant but cells will be unresponsive to Wnt signaling.
18. Which of the following is cleaved by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP)?
a. IkB
b. Notch
c. TGFb
d. a and c
e. b and c
19. In the NF-kB signaling pathway, which of the following molecules is downstream of I-kB kinase?
a. NF-kB
b. TAK1
c. TNF-a
d. a and b
e. all of the above
20. NF-kB signaling is important in
a. development.
b. immunity.
c. inflammation.
d. b and c
e. all of the above
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Cell Signaling II: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity
Nombre _____________________________________________________________________________
3. What feature allows TGFb signaling molecules to be quickly mobilized?
4. Ski and SnoN were originally identified as oncoproteins. Explain how constitutive expression of these
proteins is cancer promoting.
5. Compare and contrast the mechanisms by which SHP1 and SOCS proteins modulate erythropoietin
signaling.
6. Describe the role of adapter proteins in the activation of Ras by receptor tyrosine kinases.
7. Describe the mechanism by which Ras is cycled from its active to inactive form.
8. Describe the experimental approach used to order events in a signaling pathway.
9. How can multiple MAP kinase pathways be segregated when they share a common component?
10. Explain why, upon ligand binding, cell-surface receptors are often subjected to receptor-mediated
endocytosis.
11. How does activation of protein kinase B promote cell survival?
12. Many kinases, including MAP kinase, protein kinase B, receptor tyrosine kinases, and JAK kinases
possess activation lips. What is an activation lip? What modification of the activation lip is required
for activation of these kinases?
13. Using a luciferase reporter system in tissue culture cells, researchers from the University of
California, San Francisco found that ethanol stimulates transcription of genes in brain cells possibly
involved in adaptive responses to alcohol. This process was found to depend on PKA activation. By
analogy to other PKA dependent transcription activation pathways, describe a possible pathway for
this transcription induction. What other proteins would be involved?
14. What feature distinguishes the ligand Delta from other ligands such as EGF, TGFa, and erythropoietin
that bind transmembrane receptors?
