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19 views7 pages

Comms2 Exp7

Uploaded by

Airell Francis de Vera
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMMUNICATIONS 2

LABORATORY
WEDNESDAY, 5:00 PM-8:50 PM
EXPERIMENT NO.: 7
EXPERIMENT TITLE: Linear PCM

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


Digital Communications Laboratory Manual
ACTIVITY 7: Linear PCM

7.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity


a. ability to apply knowledge of mathematics and science to solve engineering problems
b. ability to design and conduct fieldworks, as well as to analyse and interpret data
c. ability to function on multidisciplinary teams

7.2 Activity’s Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)


At the end of this activity, the student shall be able to:
a. identify instruments and accessories that are essential in PCM
b. generate linear PCM
c. evaluate the precision of the experiment conducted

7.3 Objectives of the Activity


The objectives of this activity are to:
a. Describe the characteristics of Linear PCM Quantization.
b. Determine the 8-bit linear PCM code for different sample voltages.
c. Sketch the characteristic curve of linear PCM code.

7.4 Principle of the Activity

LINEAR PULSE CODE MODULATION

Pulse code modulation is the process of transmitting analog information in digital form,
which involves sampling the analog signal and converting the sampled to a digital number. The
analog signal is sampled and converted to a fixed-length, serial binary number for transmission.
The binary number varies according to the amplitude of the analog signal.

The three steps to produce PCM are:


1.

Sampling
2. Quantization
3. Encoding
7.5 Materials/Equipment/Modules

1 unit Function Generator


3 units DMM
1 set Connecting wires
PCM Modulator, PCM Demodulator
1 unit Power supply

7.6 Circuit Diagrams / Figures

7.7 Procedure/s
1. Connect the figure shown below.
2. By pressing the MODE button several times switch to the operating mode: PCM,
LINEAR QUANTIZATION (recognizable when the appropriate LEDs light up).
3. Enable all of the bits. For this, press the push button SELECT until all (red) LEDs on
The PCM modulator indicates ACTIVE. Feed in a triangular signal into the PCM
modulator with VM = 5Vrms and fM = 50Hz and to display this on the x-axis of the
oscilloscope.

NOTE: The toggle switch on the PCM demodulator must be set to CH2.

4. Set to -9 V on the stage potentiometer. Alternately measure VIN and VOUT using the
multimeter and note down the voltage together with the binary coded bit sequence of
the PCM modulator in Table 1. The bit sequence is displayed by LEDs whereby the
least significant bit (LSB) is at the top.
5. Now increase the input voltage VIN in the steps of the approximate value of 1V and
repeat the recording of the measurement value until the upper modulation limit the
PCM modulator is reached.
6. Measure VIN and VOUT both at the transmitting and receiving end.
7. Display the curve of VIN versus VOUT as a quantization characteristic in
Diagram 1 and 2.

7.8 Experiment Set-up:

7.8.1 Data and Results:

TABLE 1: LINEAR QUANTIZATION CHARACTERISTIC: PCM MODULATOR

VDC(V) VOUT(V) - Tx
-9 -9.78 V
-8 -9.55 V
-7 -9.31 V
-6 -9.07 V
-5 -8.84 V
-4 -8.29 V
-3 -7.82 V
-2 -7.04 V
-1 -5.79 V
0 -4.31 V
1 5.66 V
2 6.90 V
3 7.68 V
4 8.15 V
5 8.70 V
6 8.93 V
7 9.17 V
8 9.64 V
9 9.50 V

Diagram 1 – Linear Quantization Characteristic (Transmitter)

Vdc(V) versus output voltage Vout-Tx(V)

LINEAR QUANTIZATION CHARACTERISTIC: PCM DEMODULATOR OUTPUT

VDC(V) VOUT(V) Rx PCM Code


-9 -8.92 V 10111110
-8 -7.98 V 01011110
-7 -7.04 V 11101110
-6 -6.10 V 00101110
-5 -5.16 V 10001110
-4 -3.99 V 01010110
-3 -3.05 V 00100110
-2 -1.99 V 01011010
-1 -1.02 V 11010010
0 -0.428 V 01101100
1 0.983 V 10010011
2 1.977 V 10011011
3 3.031 V 11000111
4 3.967 V 10010111
5 5.15 V 00001111
6 6.09 V 11001111
7 7.03 V 01101111
8 7.96 V 10011111
9 8.91 V 00111111

Vout-Tx(V) versus output voltage Vout-Rx(V)

7.8.2 Questions
1. Define Pulse Code Modulation.

2. What are the steps to convert a signal from analog to digital?

3. Determine the 12-bit linear sign magnitude PCM for the following analog sample
voltages for a resolution of 0.01V:
a. +0.25 V
b. -2.56 V
c. -10.23 V

7.8.3 Analysis:
7.8.4 Conclusion/s:

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