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Recall 2

The document discusses Lenin arriving in Russia in April 1917, the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which took territory from Russia, the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 as different groups lost faith in it, and the 'stabbed in the back' myth in Germany after WWI.

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36 views2 pages

Recall 2

The document discusses Lenin arriving in Russia in April 1917, the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which took territory from Russia, the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 as different groups lost faith in it, and the 'stabbed in the back' myth in Germany after WWI.

Uploaded by

alonso93
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Rodrigo A.

Taipe IB History

Recall 1) How and when did Lenin arrive in Russia? y The Germans provided Lenin with a guarded train that took him as far as the Baltic coast, from which he traveled by boat to Sweden, then on to Russia by train. Lenin arrived in Petrograd on the evening of April 3, 1917.

2) What were the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? y The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took away territory that included a quarter of the Russian Empire's population, a quarter of its industry and nine-tenths of its coal-mines.

3) Describe the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. y After the failure of the Spring Offensive the tide of war turned decisively against the Central Powers. Although the leadership of the national minorities in the Empire had remained loyal to the Habsburgs throughout the war, worsening fortunes forced them to reconsider their options. As it became apparent that the Allies would win, it became politically expedient for nationalists to renounce ties to the old state and to embrace the nationalist ideology of the victorious powers. On top of that, the Empire could no longer provide an incentive for the nationalities to work together. Other groups also lost faith in the Empire. Prosperity had disappeared, disillusioning business interests; socialists became upset by the loss of the liberal policies that had characterized the pre-war Cisleithanian government. Under those conditions radical nationalists found it easy to rally support to their cause, and a rash of declarations of independence followed in September October 1918.

4) What was the stabbed in the back myth? y A social theory popular in Germany in the period after World War I and before World War II, which attributed Germany's losing the war not to its aggressive and excessive designs, nor to its military defeats, but to the public's failure to respond to its "patriotic calling" at the most crucial of times, and to intentional sabotaging of the war effort, particularly by Jews, Socialists and Bolsheviks.

Analytical 1) What caused Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate the throne? y The unpopularity of WWI, the treatment of peasants, the failure to introduce effective reforms after the 1905 revolution and the actions of the Romanovs, along with the revolutionary forces that were gaining power were the major causes of the Romanovs downfall. Nicholas had not adjusted his country to the modern world; they were An 18th century country living in a 20th century world. Also, Nicholas poor decision making were very important in the downfall. The people no longer trusted or respected their Tsar who continued to make bad decisions.

2) Why did the Germans resume unrestricted submarine warfare? y By 1917, the Germans were desperate, and resumed their unrestricted U-boat campaign, in an effort to cripple British shipping, and force her out of the war. By this

time, there were far more U-boats, and there was a realistic possibility that Britain could be defeated by destroying her trade lines. 3) What was the impact of the American declaration of war on Germany and the impact of the American army on the course of the war? y The American declaration of war on Germany on 6 April 1917 was a landmark not only in the history of the United States but also in that of Europe and the world, bringing to an end half a millennium of European domination and ushering in 'the American century'. America provided badly needed manpower on the Western Front at a time when France and Britain's armies had been severely depleted by 4 years of bloody fighting. Also, the USA had an impact on the moral of the German Army in that the prospect of millions of fresh soldiers arriving from the USA. This demoralized the German Army.

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