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Introduction

Helical piles are a form of prefabricated deep foundation. As hinted in its name, helical piles differ from
other deep foundations and are most notable for having spiraling blades along their shafts, as opposed
to having a relatively uniform shape like driven piles and micropiles.

Some other names for helical piles include helical piers, helical anchors, screw piles, and screw
foundations. While there may be some minor differences in particular naming conventions, these names
are often used interchangeably. At the very least, the principle between all of these remain the same.

Basic Description

Fig. 1: Basic helical pile (Perko 2009)

The first piece of the helical pile is called the lead; this is the piece that is first rotated into the ground.
The lead has multiple helical blades, also referred to as helical bearing plates, that can vary in size,
shape, and number. After the lead follows any number of extensions, depending on the required torque
or depth. These are simply shafts that are bolted and pinned to the lead and to each other at their ends.
The top of the pile is the incorporated into the foundation system via a bracket or other connection
method.

The shaft can come in either a circular or a square cross section shape and is typically hollow.

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