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25 views4 pages

Agrarian Notes PDF

Uploaded by

Euro Anthony Sayon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHILHIST – Agrarian Reform

RA 6657 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program or CARP – Pres. Corazon Aquino


Section 3 Paragraph 8 – Legal Definition of “Agrarian Reform”

Chapter 1 Section 3. Definitions. — For the purpose of this Act, unless the context
indicates otherwise:

(a) Agrarian Reform means redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits


produced, to farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless, irrespective of
tenurial arrangement, to include the totality of factors and support services designed
to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements alternative
to the physical redistribution of lands, such as production or profit-sharing, labor
administration, and the distribution of shares of stocks, which will allow beneficiaries
to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.

(b) Agriculture, Agricultural Enterprise or Agricultural Activity means the cultivation of


the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock, poultry or fish,
including the harvesting of such farm products, and other farm activities and
practices performed by a farmer in conjunction with such farming operations done by
person whether natural or juridical.

(c) Agricultural Land refers to land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this
Act and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land.

(d) Agrarian Dispute refers to any controversy relating to tenurial arrangements,


whether leasehold, tenancy, stewardship or otherwise, over lands devoted to
agriculture, including disputes concerning farmworkers' associations or
representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to
arrange terms or conditions of such tenurial arrangements.

It includes any controversy relating to compensation of lands acquired under this Act
and other terms and conditions of transfer of ownership from landowners to
farmworkers, tenants and other agrarian reform beneficiaries, whether the disputants
stand in the proximate relation of farm operator and beneficiary, landowner and
tenant, or lessor and lessee.

(e) Idle or Abandoned Land refers to any agricultural land not cultivated, tilled or
developed to produce any crop nor devoted to any specific economic purpose
continuously for a period of three (3) years immediately prior to the receipt of notice
of acquisition by the government as provided under this Act, but does not include
land that has become permanently or regularly devoted to non-agricultural purposes.t
does not include land which has become unproductive by reason of force majeure or
any other fortuitous event, provided that prior to such event, such land was
previously used for agricultural or other economic purpose.

(f) Farmer refers to a natural person whose primary livelihood is cultivation of land or
the production of agricultural crops, either by himself, or primarily with the assistance
of his immediate farm household, whether the land is owned by him, or by another
person under a leasehold or share tenancy agreement or arrangement with the
owner thereof.
(g) Farmworker is a natural person who renders service for value as an employee or
laborer in an agricultural enterprise or farm regardless of whether his compensation
is paid on a daily, weekly, monthly or "pakyaw" basis. The term includes an individual
whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, a pending
agrarian dispute and who has not obtained a substantially equivalent and regular
farm employment.

(h) Regular Farmworker is a natural person who is employed on a permanent basis


by an agricultural enterprise or farm.

(i) Seasonal Farmworker is a natural person who is employed on a recurrent, periodic


or intermittent basis by an agricultural enterprise or farm, whether as a permanent or
a non-permanent laborer, such as "dumaan", "sacada", and the like.

(j) Other Farmworker is a farmworker who does not fall under paragraphs (g), (h) and
(i).

(k) Cooperatives shall refer to organizations composed primarily of small agricultural


producers, farmers, farmworkers, or other agrarian reform beneficiaries who
voluntarily organize themselves for the purpose of pooling land, human,
technological, financial or other economic resources, and operated on the principle of
one member, one vote. A juridical person may be a member of a cooperative, with
the same rights and duties as a natural person.

Chapter 6 Section 21. Payment of Compensation by Beneficiaries Under Voluntary


Land Transfer. — Direct payments in cash or in kind may be by the farmer-beneficiary to
the landowner under terms to be mutually agreed upon by both parties, which shall be
binding upon them, upon registration with the approval by the DAR. Said approval shall be
considered given, unless notice of disapproval is received by the farmer-beneficiary within
thirty (30) days from the date of registration.

In the event they cannot agree on the price of land, the procedure for compulsory acquisition
as provided in Section 16 shall apply. The LBP shall extend financing to the beneficiaries for

Meaning of “redistribution of land”


Britannica
The most common type of reform involves the redistribution of land titles from one individual
to another, from individuals to a group or community at large, or from a group to individuals.
The land of one landlord may be redistributed to many individuals, as in Egypt, Iran, or
Ireland. Or the land of individuals may be reallocated in favour of the community at large by
abolishing private ownership, as in Cuba. Or, again, public land may be distributed to
individuals, as in various parts of Latin America.

Purpose of Agrarian Reform


- Lift economic status of beneficiaries (Only for beneficiaries of CARP)
- Prove economic status.

Agrarian Reform is controlled by the PRESIDENT / EXECUTIVE BRANCH.


DAR (Department of Agrarian Reform) – leading agency to implement & mandate CARP.

Characterize Philippine Agricultural System


1. Who are the land owners (how to characterize them)?

Feudal Lords – all powerful, oppress farmers. Used in Europe, China. Majority in
politics.
Large Land Owners – in Philippine context. They are the employer of the farmers.
Strong political influence.
Small Land Owners – Own smaller lots. Directly involved.

Google
Small and large landowners differ in the amount of land they own, and in some cases, the
type of land they own:

 Land distribution: In the Philippines, there are many small farms, but the most
productive and fertile lands are owned by wealthy private landowners. In the world,
one percent of the largest farms own more than 70 percent of the world's agricultural
land.
 Farm size: In the developing world, the average farm size has decreased, while in
the developed world it has increased.
 Farm productivity: Some studies suggest that small farms are more productive,
while others suggest that farm size is positively related to agricultural productivity.
 Land ownership and conflicts: Large landowners and companies may use
intimidation and violence to take land from small farmers and indigenous
populations.
 Land use: Small landowners may have an advantage in forest management.
 Economies of scale: Larger farms may have lower costs due to economies of
scale.
 Modern equipment: Modern equipment, seeds, and tillage systems may reduce the
time needed to perform tasks on larger farms.

5 Personalities with large (number?) of agricultural land


1. Senator Villar – large plantations
2. Osmeña Family – most influential in politics
3. Aquino Family (Quanco?) –
4. Marcos Family – Sugar, Tobacco in Ilocos Norte
5. Ayala Family –

More land = more power

Who else owns the lands?


- Corporations

Other possible: Catholic church, Animals (?)

CORPORATIONS are owners of these plants : Del Monte, Dole


Del Monte Plant – Bukidnon, Mindanao
Dole – Cotabato
Nestle Farm – Sulu (largest)
- Benguet (minor)
- Cagayan De Oro (minor, factory?)
>>3 Categories of Landowners<<

1. Filipinos – elites, feudal


2. Corporations – multinational, foreign
3. Government

Why does it remain unsuccessful?

>> As long as we have the elites, they wouldn’t support the agrarian reform program. Land is
equated to power.
>> Few owned powerful landowners & corporations.
>> Majority of Filipinos are farmers who are landless.

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