NATIONAL COMMISSION Document Reference Code:

FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS

FORM Revision No. 00 Effectivity Date:

NCCA PRECUP FORM FOR INTANGIBLE CULTURAL Page 1 of 12

HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

NUMERO NG REHISTRO (Ito ay pupunan lamang ng kawani ng PRECUP)

3
Registry Number (To be filled by PRECUP staff only)

BANSA (Country) LUGAR (Area) IDENTIFIER PROPERTY NUMBER

PRECUP Form

1* PANGALAN NG ELEMENTONG KULTURAL

Name of Cultural Element

Buklog/ Buklug/ Beklug, thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen/ Subanon/ Subanun

2* KOMUNIDAD O MGA TAGAPAGTAGLAY NG KASANAYAN

Community of Cultural Bearers

(MGA) KOMUNIDAD O GRUPONG ETNOLINGGWISTIK NA NAGTATAGLAY NG KASANAYAN (Community or Ethnolinguistic Group)

Subanen people from Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay, and in some
municipalities of Misamis Occidental
(MGA) PANGALAN NG TAGAPAGTAGLAY NG KASANAYAN (Name(s) of Cultural Bearers)
N/A

3* HEOGRAPIKONG LOKASYON AT SAKLAW NG ELEMENTO

Geographic Location and Range of the Element

NOTE: TUKUYIN ANG LUGAR KUNG SAAN PINAPRAKTIS ANG BUHAY NA DUNONG, KASAMA NA ANG SAKLAW NA POOK KUNG
SAAN PINAPRAKTIS DIN ANG NASABING ELEMENTO SA MGA KARATIG-LUGAR.
(Describe the place where intangible heritage is practiced, even including the extent of practice in neighboring areas or places.)

BARANGAY (KASAMA ANG BARYO, SITIO, O PUROK KUNG MAYROON):

Barangay (with barrio, sitio, or purok when applicable)

Sicade

LUNGSOD/BAYAN (City/Municipality) LALAWIGAN (Province) REHIYON (Region)

Kumalarang Zamboanga del Sur Region IX

MGA KARATIG LUGAR NA KINAKIKITAAN NG NASABING PRAKTIS NG ELEMENTO, KUNG ANGKOP

(Neighboring places where the intangible heritage is also being practiced, if applicable)

Municipalities of Aurora, Labangan, and Lakewood in Zamboanga del Sur

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

4* KAUGNAY NA PAG-UURI NG BUHAY NA DUNONG

Related Domains of the Intangible Cultural Heritage/Vital Wisdom

MGA TRADISYONG BIBIGAN AT IBANG PAHAYAG

(Oral Traditions and Expressions)

MGA SINING NG PAGTATANGHAL

(Performing Arts)

✓ MGA PANLIPUNANG KAUGALIAN, RITWAL O SEREMONYANG PANRELIHIYON, KAUGALIAN SA PAGLULUTO, AT MGA

PAGDIRIWANG
(Social Practices, Rituals, Culinary Traditions, and Festive Events)

MGA KAALAMAN AT KAUGALIAN TUNGKOL SA KALIKASAN AT SA SANSINUKOB

(Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe)

MGA KATUTUBONG KASANAYAN SA PAGLIKHA

(Traditional Craftsmanship)

MGA KONTEMPORANYONG SINING AT KASANAYAN

(Contemporary Arts and Craft)

IBA PA, TUKUYIN

(Others, specify)

5* MGA SUMUSUPORTANG DOKUMENTASYON

Supporting Documentation

✓ MGA LARAWAN
(Photographs)

MGA AUDIO-VISUAL NA PAGREREKORD (VIDEO, AUDIO RECORDING, MP3, ATBP)

(Audio visual recordings)

IBA PA, TUKUYIN

(Others, specify below)

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

MAAARING ILAKIP ANG IBANG MGA LARAWAN AT GUHIT SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.
You may attach other photographs and sketches in separate sheets.

6* PAGLALARAWAN NG ELEMENTO
Description of the Element

BUOD NG ELEMENTO PAKILARAWAN ANG KASAYSAYAN NG KASANAYAN, OKASYON O PANAHON, MGA

Summary of Element PROSESONG KASALI, MGA PAMAMARAAN, MGA KAUGNAY NA PANINIWALA, MGA
SETTING, MGA MITHIIN, AT IBA PANG IMPORMASYONG MAY KINALAMAN SA ELEMENTO.
Describe the history of the practice, occasion or season, processes involved, procedures, beliefs associated, settings,
aims, and other pertinent data.

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.

Attach additional information in separate sheets.

The Buklog/ Beklug is an elaborate ritual system of the Subanen people. Its name is derived from the highly
flexible platform called buklog used for the gbat or ritual dancing. The Buklog can last for days, weeks, or even
months. The head of a host family which is usually the timuay or village chief plans the Buklog. The host community
and other participating communities are involved in its preparation and culmination. Men and women, elders, and
the young ones from the Subanen communities are bearers and practitioners of the Buklog. Their engagement in
planning and preparing for the Buklog reinforces social cohesion. Participants who contribute to the Buklog are
believed to receive blessings from the gods. The rituals ensure the harmony between the members of a family or a
clan and the community, as well as between the human world and world of the spirits.
The Subanen holds a Buklog celebration as thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest (Buklug Gaus); a symbol of
prestige (Buklug Gungog); to honor a new leader (Buklog Menonot); to appease the spirits for the recovery of the sick
(Buklog Samaya); thanksgiving to appease the spirits after an illness (Buklog Manganawa/ Mengenawa); and to honor
the spirits of the dead (Buklog Palanto/ Pehlanto).
The balyan(s) or ritual specialists from different communities take part in the ritual called daga. The daga or
the pre-Buklog ritual is initiated and this symbolizes their sacred pact of harmony. A series of rituals for asking
permission from the spirits to use natural resources, asking for protection from bad spirits, performing chants, and
food offerings are done. The final ritual gati-an/ giti-an is done on the buklog or flexible wooden platform. The balyan
will go to the platform and will chant the giloy or the Subanen myth or verses. A small group of men and women will
then walk around the phathaw (center post) seven times. After the gati-an, dancers from the community and visitors
participate in the gbat or community dance in the round top of the platform, swinging high and low to produce a
sound that is believed to please the spirits. The dance also signifies the culmination of the festivity.

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

PARAAN NG PAGSALIN ILARAWAN KUNG PAANO IPINAMAMANA O ISASALIN ANG KASANAYAN NG

Mode of Transmission BUHAY NA DUNONG.
Describe how the intangible practice is passed on.

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.

Attach additional information in separate sheets.

The community leaders and council of elders ensure that the community fully supports the Buklog or the
thanksgiving ritual system. Traditional farming is linked to Buklog. Hence, the elders of the community teach the
younger generation traditional farming practices including preparation of the land, planting and maintenance
of grains and crops, and harvesting. The abundance of harvest affects the decision-making if the community is
capable of holding the Buklog.
The efforts of the local and national government also help in transmitting this traditional knowledge. One
example is the School of Living Traditions (SLTs), or community-based and non-formal centers of learning where
community leaders, cultural masters, and specialists transmit knowledge and skills to the youth. Some products
from the SLTs are used and are essential in observing the Buklog.

7* DEKLARASYON
Declaration

PAMBANSANG/PANGGLOBONG DEKLARASYON
National/International-level Declaration

PAMBANSANG YAMANG KULTURAL WALANG DEKLARASYON O ITINUTURING NA ARI-ARIANG

(National Cultural Treasure) KULTURAL
(No declaration or Presumed Cultural Property)

MAHALAGANG ARI-ARIANG KULTURAL IBA PA, TUKUYIN

(Important Cultural Property) (Others, specify below)

ARI-ARIANG KULTURAL
(Cultural Property)

LOKAL NA DEKLARASYON
Local Declaration

PANREHIYON PANLALAWIGAN
(Regional) (Provincial)

✓ PANLUNGSOD O PAMBAYAN PAMBARANGAY O PANDISTRITO

(City or Municipal) (Barangay or District)

WALANG DEKLARASYON O ITINUTURING NA ARI- IBA PA, TUKUYIN

ARIANG KULTURAL (Others, specify below)
(No declaration or Presumed Cultural Property)

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

8* KABULUHAN
Significance

TUKUYIN ANG ANGKOP NA SAGOT SA PAMAMAGITAN NG PAGLAGAY NG TSEK SA BOX SA KALIWA NG KOLUM NG
“PANGUNAHING KATANGIAN” AT IPALIWANAG ITO SA KOLUM NG “PAHAYAG NG KABULUHAN.”
Indicate the appropriate answer by ticking the box on the left portion of the “Primary Criteria” column and explain it on the “Statement of Significance” column.

PANGUNAHING KATANGIAN PAHAYAG NG KABULUHAN

Primary Criteria Statement of Significance

MAKASAYSAYANG
KABULUHAN
(Historical Significance)

PANLIPUNANG KABULUHAN Harmony is vital to the success of the Buklog, a vibrant embodiment of social
(Social Significance)
cohesion. The community’s involvement in the enormous tasks accomplished
✓ by volunteer work reinforces their deep sense of community.

PULITIKAL NA KABULUHAN
(Political Significance)

PANG-EKONOMIYANG
KABULUHAN
(Economic Significance)

ESPIRITWAL NA KABULUHAN The Subanen people’s deep sense of spirituality manifests in the Buklog. It is
(Spiritual Significance)
believed that the representation of Dwata Magbabaya, the “Supreme God”
✓ as Apu Usog, the “Great Ancestor” joins the community. Harmony between
the human and the spirit worlds is also emphasized in celebrating the Buklog.

PANG-AGHAM NA
KABULUHAN
(Scientific Significance)

PANSINING NA KABULUHAN The materials for cultural productions or objects used in the rituals of the Buklog
(Aesthetic or Artistic Significance)
are drawn from the environment. These cultural productions or indigenous art
✓
bear distinctive ethnic features. Chants, music, and dance are also performed
throughout the ritual system and these attest the spirituality of the Subanen.

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
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9 MGA LARANGAN NG KABULUHAN

Areas of Significance

✓ AGRIKULTURA
(Agriculture)
EDUKASYON
(Education)
PANGKABUHAYAN
(Livelihood)
TEKNOLOHIYA
(Technology)
ANTROPOLOHIYA INHINYERYA MATEMATIKA TURISMO
✓ (Anthropology) (Engineering) (Mathematics) (Tourism)
ARKITEKTURA AGHAM MILITAR TRANSPORTASYON
(Architecture) PANGKAPALIGIRAN (Military) (Transportation)
(Environmental Science)
✓ SINING AT MUSIKA
(Arts and Music)
PANGKALUSUGAN
(Health)
POLITIKA AT PAMAMAHALA
(Politics and Governance)
IBA PA, TUKUYIN:
(Others, please specify)
KOMERSIYO, PANG-UGNAYANG RELIHIYON
KALAKALAN AT PANLABAS (Religion)
INDUSTRIYA (International Relations) ✓
(Commerce, Trade and
Industry)
KOMUNIKASYON ABOGASYA KAGALINGANG
(Communication) (Law) PANLIPUNAN
(Social Welfare)

10a LISTAHAN NG MAHAHALAGANG ARI-ARIANG KULTURAL NA DI-NATITINAG NA MAY

KAUGNAYAN SA INIREREHISTRONG BUHAY NA DUNONG
List of Significant Tangible-Immovable Cultural Property Associated with the Intangible Cultural Heritage being Registered
MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.
Attach additional information in separate sheets.

BILANG PANGALAN NG MGA LARAWAN PAHAYAG NG KAUGNAYAN NG

(Number) MAHAHALAGANG ARI- (Photos) NASABING MAHAHALAGANG ARI-
ARIANG KULTURAL NA DI- ARIANG KULTURAL NA DI-NATITINAG
NATITINAG SA INIREREHISTRONG ARI-ARIANG
(Name of Tangible-Immovable KULTURAL NA NATITINAG
Cultural Property) (Statement of Association of the Significant
Tangible-Immovable Cultural Property Associated
to the Tangible-Movable Cultural Property being
Registered)

N/A N/A N/A N/A

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
ARTS AND CRAFTS

10b LISTAHAN NG MAHAHALAGANG FLORA AT FAUNA NA MAY KAUGNAYAN

SA INIREREHISTRONG ARI-ARIANG KULTURAL NA NATITINAG
List of Significant Flora and Fauna Associated with the Intangible Cultural Heritage being Registered

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.

Attach additional information in separate sheets.

BILANG PANGALAN NG FLORA O MGA LARAWAN PAHAYAG NG KAUGNAYAN NG

(Number) FAUNA (Photos) NASABING MAHAHALAGANG FLORA
(Name of Flora/Fauna) AT FAUNA SA INIREREHISTRONG ARI-
ARIANG KULTURAL NA NATITINAG
(Statement of Association of the Significant Flora
and Fauna Associated to the Tangible-Movable
Cultural Property being Registered)

Bayug tree Wood is used in making the dulugan

(mortar), also symbolizes the spirit
of Apo Asog

Theleteb tree Wood is carved to a pestle

Beledjawa Strips of bamboo are used in

making the floor

Lebalud tree Wood is used in making the

floor beams and joists

Bakan tree Wood is used in making the post

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY
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10c LISTAHAN NG MAHAHALAGANG ARI-ARIANG KULTURAL NA NATITINAG NA MAY

KAUGNAYAN SA ELEMENTO
List of Significant Tangible-Movable Cultural Property Associated with the Element

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.

Attach additional information in separate sheets.

BILANG PANGALAN NG ARI-ARIANG MGA LARAWAN PAHAYAG NG KAUGNAYAN NG

(Number) KULTURAL NA NATITINAG (Photos) NASABING MAHAHALAGANG ARI-
(Name of Tangible-Movable Cultural ARIANG KULTURAL NA NATITINAG SA
Property) BUHAY NA DUNONG
(Statement of Association of the Significant
Tangible-Movable Cultural Property Associated to
the Intangible Cultural Property/Vital Wisdom
being Registered)

Buklog has a flexible platform. At

the center of the platform, a
Buklog single pole called petaw is
installed to hit a hollowed-out log
called dulugan. While dancing on
the flexible platform, the
structure resonates with a sound
believed to please the spirits.

Ghelet is a ritual performed for

Long strip of rattan the spirits of the land. Each end of
a long strip of rattan are tied to a
tree or a post to demarcate the
boundaries against bad spirits.

Gheduran is the closing ritual of

Seven or eight-tiered Buklog. Food offerings are placed
altars in seven or eight-tiered altars that
signify their thanksgiving to
Dwata Magbabaya, or the
Supreme God.

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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11a MGA POTENSIYAL NA PANGANIB

Potential Threats

LINDOL PAGTAAS NG TUBIG DAGAT DAHIL SA PAGBABAGONG KLIMA

(Earthquake) (Sea level rise due to climate change)

PAGPUTOK NG BULKAN AT MGA KAUGNAY NA MALAKAS NA PAG-ULAN, O HABAGAT, AT MGA KAUGNAY NA

PANGYAYARI TULAD NG PAGDALOY NG LAHAR O PANGYAYARI TULAD NG PAGBAHA

LAVA (Strong Rain or Monsoon Rains, and associated phenomenon like flooding)

(Volcanic Eruption and its associated phenomenon like lahar

or lava flows)

PAGGUHO NG LUPA SUNOG

(Land or mudslides) (Fire)

TSUNAMI O MALAKING ALON DALA NG PAGLINDOL TAGTUYOT

(Tsunami) (Drought)

✓ BAGYO, BUHAWI, O MALAKAS NA HANGIN NAPABAYAAN

(Typhoons, Tornadoes, or Strong Wind) (Negligence)

DALUYONG ✓ DIGMAAN O ARMADONG PAKIKIBAKA

(Storm Surge) (War or Armed Conflict)

PAGBAHA TURISMO
(Floods or Flash Floods) (Tourism)

KAHIRAPAN SA PAGDODOKUMENTO WIKA

(Difficulty in Documentation) (Language)

✓ PAGDAGDAG O PAGBABAWAS NG POPULASYON LIMITASYON NG SISTEMANG PANG-EDUKASYON

(Increase or Decrease of Population) (Limitation of Educational System)

✓ URBANISASYON ✓ PANG-EKONOMIYA O PANTEKNOLOHIYA

(Urbanization) (Economic or Technological threats)

IBA PA, TUKUYIN

(Others, specify)

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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11b PAHAYAG NG POTENSYAL NA PANGANIB AT BATAYAN

Statement of Potential Threat and its Reference

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON, IBANG MGA LARAWAN AT GUHIT SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.
Attach additional information, other photographs, and sketches in separate sheets.

The extent and regularity of observing the Buklog ritual system diminished through the years. Typically, a grand
Buklog used to be held once in seven to nine years. The frequency of practice now varies from one community
to another. Different economic and social factors jeopardize the vitality of practicing the Buklog. There are
Christian churches that prohibit the practice of Buklog. Some young Subanen migrate to the cities to look for
more job opportunities. Some have also adopted lowland cultures and are now ashamed of their indigenous
culture.

Another threat to the Buklog is that some Subanen communities lost their ancestral lands including their
heirlooms such as musical instruments and antique jars. Armed conflict has sometimes led to the displacement
of the Subanen.

11c MGA SINUONG NA PANGANIB

Previous threats that were encountered

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON, IBANG MGA LARAWAN AT GUHIT SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.
Attach additional information, other photographs, and sketches in separate sheets.

Imposing a culturally inappropriate curriculum to the Subanen youth contributes to neglecting their indigenous
cultural heritage. New ideas from the formal education they receive that are not in harmony with their
traditional values can alienate them from their identity as a Subanen.

When non-Subanen leaders are elected to important political positions, it sometimes weakens indigenous
institutions and disregard the culture-focused traditional governance, thus, the Buklog ritual system and other
traditional practices might soon be forgotten.

The practice of the Buklog also diminished because of poverty and economic constraints. Dangers posed by
climate change and natural disasters harm the agricultural sector, thus making them economically marginalized
and disabling them from practicing the Buklog. This is aggravated by the rampant illegal logging. With forests
destroyed, the practitioners of the Buklog will lose their source of raw materials used in the ritual system.

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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12a* MGA HAKBANG NG PANGANGALAGA

Safeguarding Measures

✓ TRANSMISYON, PARTIKULAR SA PAMAMAGITAN NG PORMAL O HINDI PORMAL NA EDUKASYON

(Transmission, particularly through formal and non-formal education)

✓ PAGKILALA, DOKUMENTASYON, AT PAGSASALIKSIK

(Identification, documentation, and research)

✓ PANGANGALAGA O PROTEKSYON
(Preservation, Protection)

✓ PAGTATAGUYOD, PAGPAPAYABONG
(Promotion, Enhancement)

MULING PAGPAPASIGLA
(Revitalization)

IBA PA, TUKUYIN

(Others, specify)

12b* MGA HAKBANG NG PANGANGALAGA

Safeguarding Measures

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON, IBANG MGA LARAWAN AT GUHIT SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.
Attach additional information, other photographs, and sketches in separate sheets.

The Subanen council of elders and community leaders has been ensuring the participation of the community
members in the transmission of their intangible cultural heritage (ICH), in harmony with their customary laws. They
also granted consent to community members and academic researchers for further research on the Buklog and their
customary laws. Elders teach the youth traditional farming practices linked to the Buklog—from site selection to land
preparation, from planting and maintenance, and eventually to harvesting.

They conserve the forests where they source the raw materials used in the rituals associated to the Buklog. It is
customary to beseech permission from the guardian spirits when they needed to use their natural resources.
There are safeguarding efforts from the local government, and civil society organizations. The national government
spearheaded the School of Living Traditions (SLTs), community-based and non-formal centers of learning where
community leaders, cultural masters, and specialists transmit knowledge and skills on their ICH to the youth. Some
products from SLTs are used in the Buklog. Attending the SLTs helps the young Subanen to appreciate and uphold
their role in safeguarding their ICH, including the Buklog.

The National Heritage Act of 2009 legislates the protection and promotion of the country’s cultural heritage. One way
is the establishment of a National Registry of Cultural Heritage (now called Philippine Registry of Cultural Property).
The local government units, cultural agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations are required to
maintain their own cultural inventory of significant cultural properties and submit it to the national registry.

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)
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13* MGA PANGUNAHING SANGGUNIAN

Major Bibliographic Reference and Key Informants

MAAARING ILAGAY ANG DAGDAG NA IMPORMASYON SA HIWALAY NA MGA PAHINA.

Attach additional information in separate sheets.

Barbosa, Artemio. 2002. The Buklog of the Subanen. Paper read during the First National Conference on the
. History and Culture of the Subanen, Ateneo de Zamboanga, Zamboanga City.

Georsua, Racquel Berdon. 1987. The Traditional Practices Among the Subanen in Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur,
. with Special Reference to Music. Quezon City: University of the Philippines.

14* INIHANDA NI / NINA

Submitted by

LAGDA
(Signature)

PANGALAN Juan dela Cruz

(Name)

BIYOLOHIKAL NA PAGKAKAKILANLAN
(Sex)

BABAE (Female) ✓ LALAKI (Male)

KATUNGKULAN Researcher
(Designation)

PETSA January 5, 2021

(Date)

ORGANISASYON Local Government of Kumalarang

(Organization)

ADRES NG ORGANISASYON Kumalarang, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

(Organization Address)

FACEBOOK PAGE Kumalarang ZDS

(Pahinang Facebook)

WEBSITE URL www.kumalarang.gov.ph

(Pahinang Website)

* Lahat ng may asterisk o tala (*) ay kailangang punan. (All items with an asterisk are required fields.)