Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.1 Exponential Functions
Answers
1. The independent variable must be in the exponent.
2. Yes
3. If 𝑏 > 1
4. If 0 < 𝑏 < 1
5. Exponential functions have one horizontal asymptote and no vertical asymptotes.
6. $14,595.29
7. $390,509.70
8. 𝑦 = 5 ⋅ 5𝑥
9. 𝑦 = 2 ⋅ 4𝑥
10. 𝑦 = 16 ⋅ 3𝑥
4
11. 𝑦 = 3 ⋅ 3𝑥
1 𝑥
12. 𝑦 = 16 ⋅ ( )
2
1 𝑥
13. 𝑦 = 81 ⋅ (3)
1 𝑥
14. 𝑦 = 288√3 ⋅ (2 3)
√
15. Because the y-intercept occurs where 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 0 → 𝑦 = 𝑎 ⋅ 1 → 𝑦 = 𝑎.
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 1
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.2 Properties of Exponents
Answers
1
1. 3
2. 16
3. 4
4. -5
5. 324𝑥 23 𝑦 9
6. 1225𝑥 12 𝑦 6
7. 128𝑎7 𝑏6
8. 80𝑥 14 𝑦 5
16𝑛8
9. 81𝑚32
125𝑚24
10.
64
11. 𝑎18 𝑏9
5𝑐 2
12. 𝑑4
13. 48𝑒 7 𝑓 7
14. x=9
1
15. 𝑥 =
2
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 2
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.3 Scientific Notation
Answers
1. 1.52780 × 105
2. 3.256 × 10−5
3. 5.632 × 104
4. 8.21 × 10−2
5. 1021
6. 7.32 × 100 𝑂𝑅 7.32
7. $5000 or 5 × 103
8. 6 × 107
9. 4.32 × 1028 in a day; 1.5768 × 1031 in a year
10. 7.132094×104
11. 8.748 × 1018
12. 5.835 × 1012
13. 2.878 × 1012
14. 6.7981950001 × 106
15. 3.623 × 1013
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 3
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.4 Properties of Logs
Answers
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. log(8𝑥 2 + 16𝑥)
5. log 𝑥 6
3𝑥 4
6. log 2 ( 𝑦
)
7. log 3 𝑧 4
8. log 4 2 + 3 log 4 𝑥 − log 4 5
9. ln 4 + ln 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑦 − ln 15
10. 2 log 𝑥 + 3 log 𝑦 + 3 log 𝑧 − log 3
11. log 2 10 = 𝑥 + 1
12. 212 = 𝑥 − 1
13. Let 𝑦 = log 𝑏𝑛 𝑥. Then (𝑏 𝑛 )𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥. Take the log base b of both sides and you have
1
(𝑛𝑦) log 𝑏 𝑏 = log 𝑏 𝑥. Simplify to get 𝑛𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥. Solve for 𝑦 and you have 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥. Since both
𝑛
1
𝑛
log 𝑏 𝑥 and log 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 are equal to 𝑦, they are equal to each other.
1
14. From the previous problem, you know that log 𝑏𝑛 (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 . Use the exponentiation
1 1
property and you have 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 (𝑛) log 𝑏 𝑥 which simplifies to log 𝑏 𝑥.
1 1 𝑦 1
15. Let 𝑦 = log 1 𝑥. Then (𝑏) = 𝑥. You can rewrite this equation as 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑦 . You can then rewrite in
b
1
logarithmic form as log 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦. Since both log 𝑏 𝑥 and log 1 are equal to 𝑦, they are equal to each
b 𝑥
other.
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 4
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.5 Change of Base
Answers
1. 1.511
2. 1.131
3. 2
4. 0
5. 4
6. 6
7. 3
8. 0
9. 3
10. 2
11. 5
12. 24
13. 9
log 𝑏 log 𝑐 log 𝑐
14. (log 𝑎 𝑏)(log 𝑏 𝑐) = log 𝑎 ⋅ log 𝑏 = log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑐
15. Using the previous problem, (log 𝑎 𝑏)(log 𝑏 𝑐)(log 𝑐 𝑑) = log 𝑎 𝑐 ⋅ log 𝑐 𝑑 = log 𝑎 𝑑.
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 5
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.6 Solving Exponential Equations with Logs
Answers
1. 𝑥 =1.293
2. 𝑥 = 0.431
3. 𝑥 = 0.697
4. 𝑥 = 1.333
5. 𝑥 = 3.754
6. 𝑥 = 0.783
7. 𝑥 = −2
8. 𝑥 = 1
9. 𝑥 = 3.0259
10. 𝑥 = 8.9872
log(𝑐+𝑎)
11. 𝑥 = log 𝑏
12. 𝑥 = −0.057
13. 𝑥 = 1.8
14. 𝑥 = 2
15. 𝑥 = 27
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 6
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
3.7 Logistic Functions
Answers
12
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+1.4⋅0.51𝑥
200
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+0.33⋅(0.804)𝑥
1500
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+9⋅0.749𝑥
1000000
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+9⋅0.959𝑥
30000000
5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
1+2.75⋅0.89𝑥
6. 32
7. 8
8.
y
30
25
20
15
10
5
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9. 25
10. 5
11.
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 7
Chapter 3 – Logs and Exponents Answer Key
y
30
25
20
15
10
5
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12. 4
4
13.
3
14.
y
x
-5 5 10
𝑐
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑎⋅𝑏−𝑥 where 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
CK-12 PreCalculus Concepts 8
