DISCRETE

MATHEMATICS I
for SE

Engr. Marian Mie Alimo-ot EMath 1105

Engr. Yeseil Sacramento
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

CHAPTER 1: BASIC STRUCTURES

SETS
FUNCTIONS
SEQUENCES AND SUMMATIONS
MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRICES

𝑎!" − 𝑟𝑜𝑤 2, 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 3

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRIX ARITHMETIC - SUM

The sum of two matrices of the same size is obtained by adding

elements in the corresponding positions.

Matrices of different sizes cannot be added, because the sum of two

matrices is defined only when both matrices have the same number
of rows and the same number of columns.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRIX ARITHMETIC – SUM

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRIX ARITHMETIC - PRODUCT

Ø A product of two matrices is defined only when the
number of columns in the first matrix equals the
number of rows of the second matrix.

Ø The product of two matrices is not defined when the

number of columns in the first matrix and the number
of rows in the second matrix are not the same.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRIX ARITHMETIC - PRODUCT

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

MATRIX ARITHMETIC - PRODUCT

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

Ø Multiplying a matrix by an appropriately sized identity
matrix does not change this matrix.
Ø In other words, when A is an m×n matrix, we have
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

!
2 1
Example: A=
−1 0

2 1 2 1 2 1
= % %
−1 0 −1 0 −1 0

2 1 3 2
= %
−1 0 −2 −1

4 3
=
−3 −2
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

Ø A matrix is symmetric if and only if it is a square matrix and it

is symmetric with respect to its main diagonal (which
consists of entries that are in the ith row and ith column for
some i).
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

TRANSPOSES and POWERS OF MATRICES

Which of the following matrices is symmetric?
1 1 −2 1 3
A= 1 1 B= 1 0 −1
1 1 3 −1 2

3 0 1
C= 0 2 −1
1 1 −2
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
Ø A matrix all of whose entries are either 0 or 1 is called a zero–one matrix.
Ø Algorithms using these structures are based on Boolean arithmetic with
zero–one matrices.
Ø This arithmetic is based on the Boolean operations ∧ (meet/AND) and ∨
(join/OR), which operate on pairs of bits, defined by
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES

Ø The Boolean product of A and B is obtained in an analogous way to the

ordinary product of these matrices, but with addition replaced with the
operation ∨ and with multiplication replaced with the operation ∧ .
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
Exercise. Perform the given operations below.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

ZERO-ONE MATRICES
Answers:
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix
• Exchange elements of main diagonal
• Change sign in elements off main diagonal
• Divide resulting matrix by the determinant

éa b ù
A=ê ú
ë c d û
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix
Example
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

Practice Exercises
1. Find A + B for each of the following.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

Practice Exercises
2. Find AB for each of the following.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

Practice Exercises
3. Find a matrix A that would satisfy the equation.
EMath 1105 – DISCRETE MATHEMATICS I for SE

REFERENCE:
Rosen, K. H. (2012). Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 8th
Edition: McGrawHill