PRACTICAL RESEARCH – GROUP 3

Members:
Christoper Al Madonna
Padao Mantalaba
Trixie Amling Patricia Montano
Gabriel Ubungen Lourence
Rodriguez

In quantitative research, a ratio is a type of measurement

scale with the following characteristics:

1. Absolute Zero Point: The ratio scale has a true zero

point, which means that a value of zero indicates the
complete absence of the variable being measured. For
example, zero weight means no weight at all.

2. Equal Intervals: The scale intervals are consistent,

meaning the difference between two values is the same
anywhere on the scale. For example, the difference

Temperature in Celsius: Although temperatures can be

measured numerically, the Celsius scale does not have a
true zero (0°C does not indicate the complete absence of
temperature). Therefore, it's not a ratio measurement
because you can't say that 20°C is twice as hot as 10°C
in any meaningful way.

There are five apples." This is not a ratio because it

merely specifies the number of apples without
comparing it to another quantity. - "The temperature is
80 degrees Fahrenheit." This is likewise not a ratio
because it just provides one value with no comparison to
PRACTICAL RESEARCH – GROUP 3
Members:
Christoper Al Madonna
Padao Mantalaba
Trixie Amling Patricia Montano
Definition: Characteristics
Gabriel Ubungen Lourence
:
A ratio is a typeRodriguez
of quantitative measure that
involves a relationship between two numbers,
where one value is divided by another. In ratio
scales, there is a true zero point, meaning that zero
indicates the complete absence of the property
being measured. Ratios allow for a full range of
mathematical operations, including addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Ratio
Example: Non-Example:
Income: If a person earns 50,000 pesos annually,
and another earns 100,000 pesos, the ratio of their
incomes is 1:2. This ratio indicates that the second
person earns twice as much as the first.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH – GROUP 3
Members:
Christoper Al Madonna
Padao Mantalaba
Trixie Amling Patricia Montano
Definition: Characteristics
Gabriel Ubungen Lourence
Nominal variables are labeled into categories that :
A nominal variable is another name for a
Rodriguez
categorical variable. Nominal variables have two or do not overlap. Unlike other data types, nominal
Definition: Characteristics
data cannot be ordered or measured; it does not
more categories without having any kind of natural
order. they are variable,
variables also
with known
no numeric value, have equal spacing
• Dichotomous between
variables values or to
are intended a true zero
provide :
A dichotomous as a binary
such as occupation or political party affiliation. value. Nominal
you with data isanswer.
an either/or the foundation of statistical
variable, is a variable that can only take on one of
analysis and all other mathematical sciences.
two values. This type of variable is typically used in
statistical analysis to describe categorical data that • Dichotomous variables can be created or fixed.
can be grouped into two categories.

Nomina
Example: Non-Example:
You can code nominal variables with numbers if you Dichotomou High school class rankings: 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.
want, but the order is arbitrary and any
Example: s Social economic class: working, middle, upper.
Non-Example:
calculations, such as computing a mean, median, or The Likert Scale: agree, strongly agree, disagree
standard deviation,
•gender (male would be meaningless.
or female) etc.
• Continuous variables (variables that can take any
Examples of nominal variables include: genotype, value within a range, for example, height, weight,
blood
•yes/notype, zip code,
responses to gender, race, eye color,
survey questions. income)
political party.
• Nominal variables (variables that represent
categories, but do not have an inherent order or
hierarchy, for example, hair color, eye color)