BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 1
Aim:- To learn linux commands
1. Cal:- Linux command to display
calendar. Output:-

2. Date:- Linux command to display date

Output:-

3. W:-Linux command to display the list of users who are currently using
Linux server.
Output:-

4. Lscpu:- Linux command to display your system details.

Outut:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

8. Echo:- Linux command to print the content on standard output

device.
Output:-

9. Expr:- Linux command to perform calculations.

Output:-

10. Pwd :-Linux command to show the current working

directory. Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 2
Aim:- to learn linux commands.
1. Help:-Linux command to get help with various options.
Output:-

2. W:- Linux command to display what all users are currently

doing. Output:-

3. Mkdir:- Linux command to create a

directory. Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

4. Cd and cd .. :- Linux command to change the

directory. Output:-

5. Rmdir:- Linux command to remove a

directory. Output:-

6. Rm:- Linux command to delete file.

Output:-

7. Cp:- linux command to copy file.

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

8. Mv:- Linux command to move a file to some different

location. Output:-

9. Diff:- Linux command to compare the contents of two

files. Output:-

10. Vimdiff:- Linux command to show the difference between

the contents of two files.
Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 3
Aim:- to learn linux commands.
1. Comm:- Linux command to show the common data of two files.
Output:-

2. Wc:- Linux command to count the number of words, lines, and

sentences in the file.
Output:-

3. Od:- Linux command to see the data in octal format.

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

4. Alias:- Linux command to give the alias name.

Output:-

5. Hostname:- Linux command to display the hostname of the system.

Output:-

6. Uname:- Linux command to get informaion about the operating

System.
Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

7. Type:- Linux command to check whether a command is Internal

or External.
Output:-

8. Uniq:- Linux command to display unique contents of a file.

Output:-

9. Head:- Linux command to view the first 5 lines of a file.

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 4
Aim:- to learn linux commands.
1. Tail:- Linux command to view the last 20 lines of a
file. Output:-

2. Awk:- Linux command to extract specific column and field from a

file. Output:-

3. Paste:- Linux command to merge two files

vertically. Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

4. Sort:- Linux command to sort a file.

Output:-

5. Sed:- Linux command to find any character and replace it with some
other character.
output:-

6. Ls -l :- Linux command to check the default permission of a file.

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

7. Umask / man :- Linux command to change the default permission of a

file.
Output:-

8. Chmod:- Linux command to change the permission of an existing file

in relative manner.
Output:-

9. Chmod 1 2 4:- Linux command to change the permission of an

existing file in absolute manner.
Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 5
Aim:- Program to print hello world.
Code:-

Echo “Hello World”

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 6
Aim:- Program to Display calendar.
Code:-

Echo “The Month is”

Cal # cal command displays current month by

default

Echo “An alternate view of calender”

Ncal # An alternale layout for calender

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 7
Aim:- Program to a simple script to read user input and perform
operations with them.
Code:-

Echo -n “Enter number 1 : “ # -n option supresses newline

Read NUM1 # Read the user input from Standard Input and store in Variable
NUM1

Echo -n “Enter number 2 : “

Read NUM2
SUM=$(($NUM1 + $NUM2)) # Arithmetic expansion using double parentheses
Echo “The sum is $SUM”
SUM=`expr $NUM1 + $NUM2` # Arithmetic expansion using backticks.
#Usage of expr command to evaluate the expression

Echo “The sum is $SUM”

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 8
Aim:- A script to show usage of if condition.
Code:-

NUM1=5 # variabe assignment

NUM2=2
If [ $NUM1 -gt $NUM2 ] # -gt is to test intiger
numbers
Then
echo “NUM1 > NUM2”

Fi

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 9
Aim:- A script to show usage of if else
condition. Code:-

Echo -n “Enter a number: “

Read NUM
If [ $NUM -gt 0 ]
Then
Echo “$NUM is +ve”
Elif [ $NUM -lt 0 ]
Then

Echo “$NUM is -ve”

Else
Echo “$NUM is 0”
Fi
Echo “done”

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 10
Aim:- A script to demonstrate case
statement. Code:-

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 11
Aim:- A script to demonstrate case statement.
Code:-
Echo -n “Enter a character: “
Read CHAR
Case $CHAR in

A | A) # Test for both lowercase or uppercase letter

Echo “You entered $CHAR which is a vowel”
;; # Terminates each option
E | E)
Echo “You entered $CHAR which is a vowel”

;;

I | I)
Echo “You entered $CHAR which is a vowel”

;;
O | O)
Echo “You entered $CHAR which is a vowel”

;;
U | U)
Echo “You entered $CHAR which is a vowel”

;;
*) # Defaults to everything else

Echo “You entered $CHAR which is not a vowel”

;;

Esac

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 12
Aim:- A script to demonstrate case
statement. Code:-

Echo -n “Oceans are larger than lakes (True or False) : “

Read USER_INPUT

Case “$USER_INPUT” in

[Tt][Rr][Uu][Ee] ) # Matches True or true (case-insensitive)

Echo “Yes, you are right!”
;;

[Ff][Aa][Ll][Ss][Ee] ) # Matches False or false (case-insensitive)

Echo “No, you are wrong.”
;;

 ) # Default case for any other input

Echo “Invalid input. Please enter either ‘True’ or ‘False’.”
;;

Esac

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 13
Aim:- A simple script to show usage of string compare operator =
and !=.
Code:-

STR1=”Hello”

STR2=”Hello”

If [ ${STR1} = ${STR2} ]

Then

Echo “Strings match”

Else

Echo “Strings don’t match”

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 14
Aim:- A simple script to show usage of string compare operator -z
and -n.
Code:-

STR1=”Hello”
STR2=”Hello”

# Check if STR1 is empty

If [[ -z “${STR1}” ]]; then
Echo “String1 is empty”
Else
Echo “String1 is NOT empty”

Fi

# Print STR1 with colon on both sides

Echo “:$STR1:”

# Check if STR2 is empty

If [[ -z “${STR2}” ]]; then
Echo “String2 is empty”
Else
Echo “String2 is NOT empty”
Fi

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 15
Aim:- A simple script to show usage of logical
operators. Code:-

Echo -n “Enter a NUM: “

Read NUM

If [[ $NUM -ge 10 && $NUM -le 20 ]]; then

Echo “$NUM is between 10 and 20”
Else

Echo “$NUM is NOT between 10 and 20”

Fi

Echo -n “Enter another NUM: “

Read NUM

If [[ $NUM -lt 10 || $NUM -gt 20 ]]; then

Echo “$NUM is NOT between 10 and 20”
Else

Echo “$NUM is between 10 and 20”

Fi

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 16
Aim:- A simple script to show usage while loop
Code:-

COUNT=0

While [ $COUNT -lt 5 ]

Do
Echo “Loop count is
${COUNT}” COUNT=$
((COUNT + 1))
Done

Echo “Done”

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 17
Aim:- Sum of N natural numbers using while
loop. Code:-

Echo -n “Enter a number: “

Read NUM

Let SUM=0;

Let I=1

While [ $I -le $NUM ]

Do

SUM=`expr $SUM + $I`

I=$((${I} + 1))

Done

Echo “The sum of the first $NUM numbers is: $SUM”

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 18
Aim:- A simple script to demonstrate for
loop. Code:-

COUNT=0

For I in 0 1 2 3 4

Do

Echo “Loop count is ${COUNT}”

COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))

Done

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain

BTIT408N December 30, 1899

Experiment 19
Aim:- A script to show usage of if else
condition. Code:-

NUM1=2 # Variabe assignment

NUM2=5

If [ $NUM1 -lt $NUM2 ] # -lt is to test intiger numbers

Then

Echo “NUM1 < NUM2”

Else

Echo “NUM1 > NUM2”

Fi

Output:-

22100BTCSE11369 Aagam Jain