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Final Sol Class Test-1

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18 views10 pages

Final Sol Class Test-1

Uploaded by

Bala Siva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The mass in a spring mass system performs simple harmonic oscillations along a

straight line with a period (T) of 0.5 s and an amplitude (A) of 5 cm. The
magnitude of the average velocity of the mass averaged over the time interval
during which it travels a distance A/2, starting from
(i) the extreme position
(ii) the equilibrium position
(Answer should be correct up to two decimal places)

Ans. (i) 0.3 m/s


(ii) 0.6 m/s
𝑥2
A particle of mass m = 0.3 kg in the potential V (x) =𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 exp( 2 )
𝐿
(L= 0.9 m) is found to behave like a simple harmonic oscillator for small
displacements from equilibrium. The period of the simple harmonic oscillator is
(Answer should be correct up to two decimal places)

Ans: 2.43 s range: 2.35 to 2.55


A mass of 1.5 kg attached to a spring with spring constant 500 N/m produces
critical damping. If the mass at equilibrium position receives an impulse that
gives it a velocity of 1.5 m/s at t=0 then the maximum value of the resultant
displacement is (Take e  2.72)
(Answer should be correct up to two decimal places)

Ans: 0.03 m 0.025 m to 0.035 m


1. A particle of mass m attached to a spring executing a damped oscillatory motion. The
spring constant is 41 N/m2, mass of the particle is 0.5 Kg, and the friction constant (r) is 1 N
s/m2 . (The initial conditions x(0) = 2, v(0) = 0).

i) Find the magnitude of the phase factor 𝛼𝛼.

ii) Find the amplitude of the oscillations.

Ans: It is an under damped motion. So the solution is 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒 −𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 cos(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 − 𝛼𝛼)
Since x(0) and v(0) are given we can obtain the amplitude and phase (in radians).

Phase ~ 0.11 radians and 𝐴𝐴 = 2/cos(𝛼𝛼) ~2.01 meters


Range: 0.10 to 0.12
Range: 2 to 2.1
3. A spring mass system, in absence of external force, exhibiting damped harmonic motion.
At t = 0, it starts with an initial energy E0 and after a time t1 the energy drops to E0/5.
Taking mass of the block as 2 Kgs, spring constant 10 N/m, and friction constant (r) 1 N s/m2
find the time t1.

Ans: E = E0 Exp(- 2beta t) = E0 Exp(- r t/( m))


E0 /5 = E0 Exp(- 2beta t1)
ln(5) = 2beta t1
t1 = ln(5)/2beta = ln(5)*m/r = 3.21 sec

3.1 to 3.3
Questions: Class Test # 1

1. An oscillating LC circuit consists of a 7.5 mH inductor and a 3 µF


capacitor. If the maximum charge on the capacitor is 3 µC, the maximum
current would be

qmax 3µ
Ans: I max = ω qmax = = = 20 mA
LC 7.5 mH × 3 µ F
2. An electrical circuit L=0.25 H, C=1 µF and R=1 Ω connected in a series.
(a) How many oscillations will it make before the amplitude of the current
is reduced by a factor of e. (b) Estimate the quality factor for the above
LCR circuit. 2 2
   
6
1 10 R 1
ω02 = = = 4 ×106 , &, β 2 =   =   =4
Ans: L C 0.25  2 L   0.5 
⇒ ω02 > β 2 , an under dampped case
The current amplitude varies as, I = e − β t ( A cos ω t + B sin ω t )
where, ω = ω02 − β 2
Suppose N complete oscillation occurred for time t,
N 2π N 2π
t = NT = ≈
ω ω0
If the current amplitude decreased by e times,
− β t = −1,
R N 2π 2L ω0 0.25 × 2 ×103 159 to 161

− = −1, ⇒ N = = = 0.16 ×103 = 160


2 L ω0 2π R 3.14 ×1
499 to 501
1 L 0.25
The quality factor, Q= = ×106 = 0.5 ×103 = 500
R C 1
3. An AC source with amplitude 200 V and angular frequency 200 rad/s is
connected to a series circuit consisting of resistance 150 Ω, a coil with
inductance 1 H, and a capacitor of capacitance 100 µF. Estimate the
current amplitude in the circuit, the voltage amplitude on the capacitor.
2 2
1 106  R   250 
Ans: ω =
2
0 = = 10 4 , &, β 2 =   =   = 125 ×125
L C 100   
2 L 2 
⇒ ω02 < β 2 , an over dampped case
The current amplitude is,
V0 200 200
I0 = = = = 0.943 A
R 2 + (ω L − 1 / ω C ) 150 2 + (200 − 50 )
2 2
150 2 0.93 to 0.95

The amplitude of the voltage oscillations on


the capacitor will be equal to
q0 I0 0.943
Vc = = = ×106 = 47.1 V 46.9 to 47.2

C ω C 200 ×100
1. The graph shows the power resonance curve of a certain mechanical system which is driven by a force of
constant magnitude but variable angular frequency ω. Find the following:

(a) The resonant quality factor (Q) of the system. (1 Mark)

Ans: 50

(b) At some instant of time, the driving force is removed when the energy of the system is E0. Find the time taken
for the energy of the system to decrease to E0e−2 (1 Mark)

Ans: 1 s
2. An object of mass 4 kg is attached to a spring of spring constant '(4/3) × 103 N/m' and is acted upon by an
external force F= F0 cos(ωt) where F0 is 8/3 N. The resonant quality factor (Q) of the system is 20. Once
steady state has been reached:

(a) What is the amplitude of forced oscillations at ω = ω0 ? ( ω0 is the angular frequency of the free
undamped oscillations) (1 Mark)
Ans: 4 cm
Range: 3.8 to 4.2

(b) What is the mean power input to maintain the forced oscillations at an angular frequency two percent
greater than ω0. [Take g = 10 ms−2] (1 Mark)
Ans: 0.59 Watt

Range: 0.54 to 0.64


3. A damped simple harmonic oscillator has a natural frequency ω0 and is driven by an external force with a variable
frequency ω. It is observed that the amplitude has a maximum at a frequency ω1 while the velocity has a maximum at
a frequency ω2. Which of the following is true:

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