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Tyre
maintenance in
open cast mines
Aug 22, 2013 • Download as PPTX, PDF •
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Tyres are crucial

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Tyremaintenance:Inflation
Inflationsupportsandcarriestheload.Tiresaredesigned
andbuilttodeflectinservice.

Inflationpressuresareestablishedtoassuretiresdeflect
properly.
Thepressuresrequiredvarywiththeload,speedand
typeofservice.
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Tyre maintenance in open cast mines

1. TYRE MAINTENANCE IN OPENCAST MINES CHANDAN CHAMAN
2. What is a tyre? From a person on the street “A round, black rubber thing that holds my vehicle up!”
From a tyre expert “a visco-elastic toroid comprised of, high modulus flexible filaments, embedded in and
bonded to, a low modulus matrix, which forms an anisotropic shell structure”
3. Function of Tyre • Carry a load • Guide or Steer the Vehicle • Transmit engine or brake torque • Absorb
Shock • Roll • Last as long as possible
4. Understanding Tyre! RADIAL TYRE
5. Understanding Tyre! BIAS PLY TYRE
6. Radial vs Bias Ply RADIAL • More technologically advanced solution • O!ers many performance
advantages • More expensive to purchase but has lower cost per hour than bias BIAS PLY • No steel used in
casing or Crown • Cheaper to purchase • Generally lower life potential • Higher cost per hour than steel
braced Radial
7. What we expect from a tyre? • Load carrying capacity • Speed capability • Grip (during acceleration,
braking and steering) • Handling (steering response) • Good ride (shock absorption) • Durability (long life,
damage resistance) • Good appearance • At a low cost!
8. Common failures • Punctures • Cuts • Cut Separations • Turn Up Separations • Tread/Belt Separations •
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 Heat Separations • Impact Breaks • Over Deflection Repairable Non-repairable
9. Factors a!ecting tyre’s life TYRE MAINTENANCE • Air pressure maintenance • Tyre matching • Rotation
policy and scheduled changes • Alignment • Mounting procedures • Repair procedures • Workmanship and
materials
10. Factors a!ecting tyre’s life MACHINE MAINTENANCE Poor mechanical condition of a machine a!ects
the service life of the tires it uses. faulty brakes can cause excessive heating of the wheels, incorrect
alignment of the steering wheels poorly adjusted suspension, play in the spindles, the ball joints and the
pivots Absence of rock ejector
11. Factors a!ecting tyre’s life Fixed factors • Type of equipment • Weight distribution • Site speed • Haul
lengths • Wheel position • Ambient temperature Variable factors • Underfoot conditions • Operator habits •
Payload position • Utilisation of support equipment SITE CONDITIONS
12. Factors a!ecting tyre’s life
13. Tyre maintenance : Inflation Inflation supports and carries the load. Tires are designed and built to
deflect in service. Inflation pressures are established to assure tires deflect properly. The pressures
required vary with the load, speed and type of service.
14. Tyre maintenance : Inflation
15. Tyre maintenance : Inflation Over inflation can be as serious as under inflation. Over inflation over
stresses the tire carcass. • Reduces the tire’s ability to envelope irregular objects in the travel path. • Causes
a loss of traction. • Makes tires more vulnerable to spin cuts and shock load damage. • Reduces flotation in
so" ground. • Produces a hard ride and vehicle vibration.
16. Tyre maintenance : Inflation An under inflated tire will deflect too much leading to excessive sidewall
flexing. Under inflation typically results in: • Irregular or uneven tread wear • Sidewall radial cracks • Ply
separation • Loose or broken cords inside the tire • Fabric carcass fatigue • Belt edge separation
17. Tyre maintenance : Inflation
18. Tyre maintenance : Tyre Matching Tire assemblies operated as a dual pair must: • Have the same
outside diameter • Be from the same brand and type • Be of the same construction (both bias or both
radials) • Have comparable inflation pressures( Within 1%) • tires with the same degree of wear i.e.
comparable tread depths (if used tyre are used)
19. Tyre maintenance : Tyre Matching Some degree of tolerance is however accepted for di!erence in
diameter of tires (or with di!ering levels of wear) mounted on the same vehicle. For loaders • 6% between
the front and rear axles; • 3% between the two tires on the same axle. For rigid dump trucks • 3% between
the le" and right tires; • 1% between two dual tires. For articulated dump trucks • 2% between the front
and rear axles; • 1.5% between the two rear axles; • 1.5% between the tires on the same axle.
20. 3% 6% LOADER Tyre maintenance : Tyre Matching
21. 3% 1% RIGID DUMPER Tyre maintenance : Tyre Matching
22. 1.5% 1.5% 2 % Tyre maintenance : Tyre Matching ARTICULATED DUMPER
23. Tyre maintenance : Tyre Rotation
24. Machine maintenance : Alignment Alignment refers to the angle formed by the wheels on the same
axle. Toe-in and toe-out lead to accelerated, uneven wear of the tire on the shoulders. The outer shoulder
in the case of toe-in and the inner shoulder with toe-out.
25. Tapered wear due to faulty alignment Machine maintenance : Alignment
26. Machine maintenance : Suspension Incorrect adjustment of the suspension can lead to the
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 overloading of certain tires. Although the wear on the tires may seem visually similar to that of an
alignment fault, there is a clear di!erence when you touch them: there are no sharp edges.
27. Machine maintenance : Rock Ejector
28. Site Condition: Underfoot Condition Maximum grade not to exceed 7%. Road width to allow two
trucks to pass without spillage. Regular cleaning of loading, dumping & haul roads. Road crown or
cross fall as flat as possible and still drain. Typical road crown is 2- 4% Curve radii as large as possible.
Haul roads should be super elevated to correspond to vehicle travel speeds. Avoid waterholes/potholes
as they could hide submerged tire hazards. Do not overwater haul roads or work areas. Wet rubber cuts
more easily than dry rubber.
29. Site Condition: Operator Habit The way machines are driven can significantly reduce the service life of
the tires: inappropriate driving: sudden acceleration, repeated heavy braking, cornering at high speed;
spinning of the drive wheels (scrapers during loading, loaders at the quarry face).
30. Site Condition: Payload Position Correct payload position
31. Site Condition: Overload E!ect of the degree of overloading on the service life of a tire Overload (%)
Reduction in tyre service life (%) 10 15 20 30 30 50
32. For Longer Tyre Life Never turn front steering axle tires when the vehicle is standing. Keep o!
windrows. These are o"en present when haul roads are being graded. Do not drive on the berm of the
road. Do not drive over spillage. Do not drive or back over rocks at shovel or dump areas. Avoid tire
spin. Do not overload haulage trucks. Do’s & Do Not for Dumper Operator
33. For Longer Tyre Life Control spillage and maintain a level working pad at loading areas. Do not
overload haulage trucks. Properly center load in bed of truck. Station a cleanup dozer at each loading
area. Properly match shovel or wheel loader to trucks being loaded. Do’s & Do Not for Shovel Operator
34. For Longer Tyre Life Patrol haul roads and clean up spillage. Fill depressions and dips in the road.
Main roads where haulage speeds are highest should get the most attention. Two graders should work
roads where haulage vehicles are wider than a single grader blade. Create and maintain road crown to
provide proper drainage. Don’t leave high windrows. Tandem patrols help to reduce grader created
windrows. Do’s & Do Not for Grader Operator
35. For Longer Tyre Life Do not overwater haul roads or work areas. This can lead to unnecessary cuts in
tire treads and sidewalls. Water acts as a lubricant for rubber. Wet rubber cuts more easily than dry
rubber. Some watering benefits grading operations. Excessive watering of hard packed, smooth
surfaces is a safety hazard. Vehicle control/safety is reduced on a slick, wet road surface. Do’s & Do Not for
Water tanker Operator
36. For Longer Tyre Life Do not overwater haul roads or work areas. This can lead to unnecessary cuts in
tire treads and sidewalls. Water acts as a lubricant for rubber. Wet rubber cuts more easily than dry
rubber. Some watering benefits grading operations. Excessive watering of hard packed, smooth
surfaces is a safety hazard. Vehicle control/safety is reduced on a slick, wet road surface. Do’s & Do Not for
Water tanker Operator
38. Storage of tyre Tires and tubes deteriorate rapidly if improperly stored. • Improper storage conditions
include: • Direct sunlight. • Heat. • Air in motion. • Ozone. • Gasoline and oil. • Dust or moisture inside tires.
39. Storage of tyre New Tyres • Store vertically indoors in a cool, dark, dry, dra" free area. If tires must be
stored outdoors, they should be covered with opaque, waterproof tarpaulin. • Store away from electrical
devices such as motors and switches. These are a source of ozone. • Do not store in rooms with or near
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 gasoline or lubricants • Provide CO2 fire extinguishers in tire storage areas.
40. Storage of tyre Mounted Tyres • If tires are stored on a machine, it should be blocked up. Air should be
released to 10 psi (.7 bar) or less. • Protect each tire with an opaque, waterproof cover. • Machines resting
on tires should be moved once a month. This prevents deflection strain on only one part of the tire. • Do not
use paint to preserve tires.
41. THANK YOU [email protected]

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